An Explanation of the Temperature-Dependent Upper Critical Field Data of H3S on the Basis of the Thermodynamics of a Superconductor in a Magnetic Field

Excellent fits to a couple of the data-sets on the temperature (T)-dependent upper critical field (Hc2) of H3S (critical temperature, Tc ≈ 200 K at pressure ≈ 150 GPa) reported by Mozaffari, et al. (2019) were obtained by Talantsev (2019) in an approach based on an ingenious mix of the Ginzberg-Landau (GL), the Werthamer, Helfand and Hohenberg (WHH), and the Gor’kov, etc., theories which have individually been employed for the same purpose for a long time. Up to the lowest temperature (TL) in each of these data-sets, similarly accurate fits have also been obtained by Malik and Varma (2023) in a radically different approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) supplemented by the Matsubara and the Landau quantization prescriptions. For T TL, however, while the (GL, WHH, etc.)-based approach leads to Hc2(0) ≈ 100 T, the BSE-based approach leads to about twice this value even at 1 K. In this paper, a fit to one of the said data-sets is obtained for the first time via a thermodynamic approach which, up to TL, is as good as those obtained via the earlier approaches. While this is interesting per se, another significant result of this paper is that for T TL it corroborates the result of the BSE-based approach.

Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Reconstruction of Temperature Field in 3-D, Absorbing, Emitting, and Anisotropically Scattering Medium

The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.

Temperature and stress fields in electron beam welded Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel joint with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.

Visualization of 3-D temperature distribution in a 300 MW twin-furnace coal-fired boiler

Until now, it has been difficult to obtain on-line three-dimensional (3-D) temperature distribution information which can reflect the overall combustion condition in the furnace of a coal-fired power plant boiler. A combustion monitoring system is introduced which can solve the problem efficiently. Through this system, the 3-D temperature distribution in a coal-fired boiler furnace can be obtained using a novel flame image processing technique. Briefly, we first outline the visualization principle. Then, the hardware and software design of the system in a 300 MW twin-furnace coal-fired boiler are introduced in detail. The visualization of the 3-D temperature distribution in the twin-furnace boiler is realized with an industrial computer and the Distributed Control System (DCS) of the boiler. The practical operation of the system shows that it can provide valuable combustion information of a furnace and is useful for the combustion diagnosis and adjustment in coal-fired power plants.

3D Eddy Current and Temperature Field Analysis of Large Hydro-generators in Leading Phase Operations

As a common practice,a large hydro-generator will operate in leading phase conditions to absorb the reactive power of the power grid.However,the accurate and precise prediction of the leading phase operation capacity of a large hydro-generator has always been a formidable challenge to engineers and academicians because it is extremely hard to compute the eddy currents and losses as well as the local overheating in the pressure plate and finger.To address this problem,a full three dimensional(3D)finite element model and method of the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end region of a large hydro-generator are developed.The equivalent medium parameters used in the computations are comprehensively discussed.Moreover,some numerically based solution methodologies for accurate computation of the field and armature currents under different leading phase conditions are proposed.Numerical results on the coupled eddy current and temperature fields in the end regions of a 250 MW hydro-generator confirm positively the feasibility of the present work.

Study on the Influence of Piloti on Mean Radiant Temperature in Residential Blocks by 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation

Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.

Visualization of 3-D Field of Explosion

In order to visualize the 3-D field of explosion and describe the complex physical phenomena of explosion, the 3-D data resulting from numerical simulation by 3-D multi-material in cell (MMIC), and the application of volume visualization is explored, based on the characteristics of explosion and shock. Based on this, a visualization system for 3-D explosion--ViSC3D is designed. Approaches for the visualization of 3-D field of explosion are presented. The algorithm and the functions of ViSC3D are also presented. ViSC3D is thus a useful tool to observe and analyze either the full picture or the details of a 3-D field of explosion, that are difficult to observe and analyze directly. With ViSC3D, the field of explosion between the hill slopes is visualized. The cutaway views and 2-D slices are also given. The full picture and partial details of 3-D field of explosion can be observed clearly. Furthermore, ViSC3D can be used to visualize other similar 3-D data fields.

GaFeO_(3)∶Mg晶体的生长及磁学性能研究

本文利用光学浮区法生长出了直径为7 mm的铁电单晶Mg_(x)Ga_(1-x)FeO_(3)(x=0.02、0.05、0.07和0.10),研究了Mg^(2+)对GaFeO_(3)(GFO)晶体饱和磁化强度和磁性转变温度的作用。通过XRD测试了晶体的结构和物相,结果显示,所有制备的晶体样品对应标准晶体卡库GFO(PDF#76-1005)的衍射特征,无其他杂相出现。XRD精修结果表明,该晶体结构为正交结构,空间群为Pna 2_(1),晶格常数和晶胞体积随着Mg^(2+)掺杂量的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势。通过综合物性测量系统研究了晶体的磁性能,结果表明,磁性转变温度和饱和磁化强度随着Mg^(2+)掺杂量的增加,同样呈现先增加后减小的趋势。当Mg^(2+)掺杂量x=0.07时,磁性转变温度和饱和磁化强度达到最大,分别为187.82 K、8.75 emu/g,达到了掺杂改性的目的。

3-D seismic interpretation of stratigraphic and structural features in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence of the Gullfaks Field,Norwegian North Sea:A case study of reservoir development

The 3-D seismic dataset is a key tool to analyze and understand the mechanism of structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon(HC)trapping in the subsurface.Conventionally used subsurface seismic characterization methods for fractures are based on the theory of effective anisotropy medium.The aim of this work is to improve the structural images with dense sampling of 3-D survey to evaluate structural and stratigraphic models for reservoir development to predict reservoir quality.The present study of the Gullfaks Field,located in the Norwegian North Sea Gullfaks sector,identifies the shallowest structural elements.The steepness of westward structural dip decreases eastward during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous deposition.Reservoir sands consist of the Middle Jurassic deltaic deposits and Lower Jurassic fluvial channel and delta plain deposits.Sediment supply steadily prevails on sea-level rise and the succession displays a regressive trend indicated by a good continuous stacking pattern.The key factor for the development of reservoirs in the Gullfaks Field is fault transmissibility with spatially distributed pressure.The majority of mapped faults with sand-to-sand contacts are non-sealing,which provide restriction for the HC flow between the fault blocks.The traps for HC accumulation occur between the post-rift and syn-rift strata,i.e.antiform set by extensional system,unconformity trap at the top of syndeposition,and structural trap due to normal faults.Overall reservoir quality in the studied area is generally excellent with average 35%porosity and permeability in the Darcy range.Our findings are useful to better understand the development of siliciclastic reservoirs in similar geological settings worldwide.

Optimal Design Strategies of Femur Tumor Hyperthermia Based on Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Field

A 3D femoral model was built to obtain the three-dimensional temperature distribution of femur and its surrounding tissues and provide references for clinical applications. According to the relationship between gray-value and material properties,the model was assigned with various materials to make sure that it is more similar to the real femur in geometry and physical properties. 3D temperature distribution is obtained by using finite element analysis software ANSYS 11. 0 on the basis of heat conduction theory,Laplace equation,Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,thermo physical parameters of bone tissues,the boundary condition,and initial conditions. Taken the asymmetry of the 3D distribution of temperature into account,it is necessary to adopt the heating method with multiple heat sources. This method can ensure that the temperature fields match well with the tumor tissues and kill the tumor cells efficiently under the condition of protecting the normal tissues from damage. The analysis results supply important guidance for determining the needle position and the needle number and controlling the intensity of heating.

Temperature Field Reconstruction in High-Temperature Gas by Using the Colored Background Oriented Schlieren Method

A 3D temperature field reconstruction method using the colored background oriented schlieren(CBOS)method is proposed to address image blurring due to the different refractive index of the multi-wavelength light and significant errors produced when the traditional background oriented schlieren(BOS)method is applied to high-temperature gas.First,the traditional method is employed to reconstruct the non-uniform 3D temperature field.Second,the CBOS method is applied to correct the distortion.Then,by analyzing the correlation coefficient among different color points of the colored background pattern,the non-uniform temperature field is reconstructed much more accurately.Finally,the experimental results are verified by applying the Runge-Kutta ray-tracing method and the thermocouple contact measurement method.The maximum average temperature error of the CBOS-reconstructed temperature field is 12.92°C,compared with the thermocouples.Therefore,an accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the temperature field can be achieved by the proposed method effectively.

Cr^(3+)掺杂F^(-)修饰BaScO_(2)F钙钛矿结构宽带近红外荧光粉

Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料,因具有高量子效率、可调的宽带发射及在蓝色光谱范围内的强吸收特性而备受关注。通过晶体场工程,可以调节Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料的发射范围,但常规的阳离子取代对发射范围的调节通常限制在近红外Ⅰ区(波长<1000 nm)。在生物医学成像领域,由于生物组织的吸收、散射和自发荧光较低,在近红外Ⅱ区,能够实现更高的穿透深度及无创或微创的深部组织成像。采用高温固相法,以Ba_(2)Sc_(2)O_(5)类钙钛矿型氧化物为基体,合成了一系列基于F^(-)修饰的近红外荧光粉BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)(x=0.001—0.01)。通过XRD图谱和容差因子计算,证明了合成的样品具有立方钙钛矿结构。另外,通过漫反射光谱(DRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,确认了Cr离子的价态为Cr^(3+)。利用电子顺磁共振(EPR)对Cr^(3+)周围的晶体环境进行检测分析发现,样品在波长700—1400 nm范围内表现出近红外宽带发射,发射中心约在1040 nm处,半峰宽(FWHM)高达250 nm。表明,Cr^(3+)的发射有效覆盖了近红外Ⅱ区。同时,也证明了通过阴离子掺杂调节晶体场强度是可行的。由于PLE光谱和PL光谱在波长700—850 nm范围内存在重叠,随着Cr^(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,发射部分被重吸收,导致发射中心出现明显的红移现象。由于BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的吸收峰与蓝光LED芯片能够匹配,表明其具有商业化潜力。本研究为生物医学成像领域的近红外Ⅱ区荧光粉转换LED器件提供了优异的宽带近红外光源材料。

Numerical simulations of full-wave fi elds and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models

Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling two- dimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional （3-D） full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity-stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity Vx, Vy, and Vz for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of Vy, and Vz of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON A PRECISION FORGING PROCESS OF BLADE WITH A TENON

The blade precision forging process is a forming process with high temperature and large plastic deformation. Interaction of deformation and heat conduction leads to large uneven distribution of temperature. The unevenness of temperature distribution has a great effect on mechanical properties and the microstracture of materials. So it is necessary to consider the influence of temperature on the precision forging process of blades. Taking a blade with a tenon into consideration, a 3D mechanical model in precision forging is built up. The distribution laws of temperature field and the influence of the temperature on the equivalem stress in the process are obtained by using 3-D coupled thermo-mechanical FEM code developed by the authors Theresuits obtained illustrate that the influence of the temperature field on the blade forging process is considerable. The achievements of predicting microstructure and mechanical properties for forged blades is significant.

A, ■-Ω METHOD FOR 3-D EDDY CURRENT ANALYSIS

After the field equations and the snonumuoo conditions between the interfaces for 3D eddy current problems Under various gauges were discussed, it was pointed cut in this paper that using the magnetic vector potential A. the electric scalar potential and Coulomb gauge △ .A = 0 in eddy current regions and using the magntetic scalar potential Ω in the non-conducting regions are more suitable. All field equations, the boundary conditions, the interface continuity conditions and the corresponding variational principle of this method are also given

3MW双馈风力发电机传热特性数值研究

随着风力发电机容量的增加,电磁负荷不断提高,电机的发热问题成为影响机组性能和经济指标的主要因素之一。为了解决该难题,以一台3MW双馈风力发电机为例,根据流体力学以及传热学理论,结合发电机通风性能以及结构特点,建立了发电机三维流动与传热耦合求解的数学模型与物理模型;并给出基本假设与相应的边界条件,采用有限体积法对三维流体场和温度场控制方程进行耦合计算。最后,对发电机内部的流体流动性能、传热特性以及发电机定转子铁心、定转子绕组以及绝缘的温升分布进行了分析,得到端部气体流动不规律以及二次冷却热能力较强等,为更大容量风力发电机综合物理场的准确计算提供了理论依据。

300MW锅炉燃烧三维温度场可视化监测系统设计及运行分析

基于对燃烧火焰图像本质的分析,在沙角A电厂5号机上进行了三维可视化监测系统的硬、软件设计,得到了炉内实时三维温度场和总辐射能信号,通过与热工信号的相关性分析,提出采用炉膛总辐射能参与协调控制的思想。

Ti-15-3合金真空感应凝壳熔炼(ISM)过程研究

利用三元系活度系数计算公式,计算了TiV15Al3Cr3Sn3(Ti-15-3)合金熔体中各组元的活度系数,计算结果表明,各组元的活度系数都小于1。利用活度的计算结果进一步研究了Ti-15-3合金真空熔炼时合金元素的挥发行为,结果表明,合金元素的挥发存在临界真空度,在超过这一真空度后合金元素的挥发损失加剧。建立了间隙元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解的热力学模型,计算了氧在合金中的溶解度,并分析了影响氧元素在Ti-15-3合金中溶解度的因素。计算结果表明,熔炼室间隙元素分压是决定间隙元素含量的主要因素,并开发了降低间隙元素含量的工艺方法,试验结果与计算结果较符合。为了控制合金熔体温度,利用所开发的温度场计算程序,建立了ISM过程熔体温度与熔炼功率、炉料质量间的关系。利用该程序预测了ISM熔炼过程中凝壳形状及尺寸的变化过程,并对该过程进行了试验研究,计算结果与试验结果一致。

温度场中输电线在谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振研究

研究输电线在温度场中谐扰力作用下的1/3次亚谐共振问题,应用动力学方法建立温度场中受谐扰力作用输电线的非线性振动方程。根据非线性振动的多尺度解法,得到系统满足1/3次亚谐共振情况的近似解,并对其进行数值计算。分析温差变化、外部激励、谐调值、系统阻尼等对系统的影响。得到系统失稳的临界温度。系统随着调谐值和温差的增加,响应曲线的幅值增加;随着阻尼的增加,幅频响应曲线向开口方向移动。