Over-production of nitric oxide is pathogenic for neuronal apoptosis around the ischemic area fol- lowing ischemic brain injury. In this study, an apoptotic model in rat hippocampal neurons was es- tablished by 0.5 mm...Over-production of nitric oxide is pathogenic for neuronal apoptosis around the ischemic area fol- lowing ischemic brain injury. In this study, an apoptotic model in rat hippocampal neurons was es- tablished by 0.5 mmol/L 3-morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-l), a nitric oxide donor. The models were then cultured with 0.1 mmol/L of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS; the chloride channel blocker)for 18 hours. Neuronal survival was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was assayed by Hoechst 33342-labeled neuronal DNA fluorescence staining. Western blot analysis and immunochemilumi- nescence staining were applied to determine the changes of activated caspase-3 and CIC-3 channel proteins. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of CIC-3. The results showed that SIN-1 reduced the neuronal survival rate, induced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted CIC-3 chloride channel protein and mRNA expression in the apoptotic neurons. DIDS reversed the effect of SIN-I. Our findings indicate that the increased activities of the CIC-3 chloride channel may be involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by nitric oxide.展开更多
2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl ...2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl chloride catalysts the reaction is limited to give only 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes 3a-k in very good yields.展开更多
In the present study,Fmr1 knockout mice (KO mice) were used as the model for fragile X syndrome.The results of step-through and step-down tests demonstrated that Fmr1 KO mice had shorter latencies and more error cou...In the present study,Fmr1 knockout mice (KO mice) were used as the model for fragile X syndrome.The results of step-through and step-down tests demonstrated that Fmr1 KO mice had shorter latencies and more error counts,indicating a learning and memory disorder.After treatment with 30,60,90,120,or 200 mg/kg lithium chloride,the learning and memory abilities of the Fmr1 KO mice were significantly ameliorated,in particular,the 200 mg/kg lithium chloride treatment had the most significant effect.Western blot analysis showed that lithium chloride significantly enhanced the expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,an inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Fmr1 KO mice.These results indicated that lithium chloride improved learning and memory in the Fmr1 KO mice,possibly by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity.展开更多
LaMnO3was prepared by citrate sol‐gel,coprecipitation,hard template,and hydrothermal methods,respectively,and its catalytic performance for the combustion of vinyl chloride was investigated.N2adsorption‐desorption,X...LaMnO3was prepared by citrate sol‐gel,coprecipitation,hard template,and hydrothermal methods,respectively,and its catalytic performance for the combustion of vinyl chloride was investigated.N2adsorption‐desorption,X‐ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy(Raman),O2temperature programmed desorption(O2‐TPD),H2temperature programmed surface reaction(H2‐TPR)and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the LaMnO3samples.The preparation methods had obvious effects on the distribution of oxygen and manganese species on the catalyst surface.The reaction followed the suprafacial mechanism;the activity corresponded with the high amount of Mn4+and adsorbed oxygen species.LaMnO3prepared by the citrate sol‐gel method had the best performance for vinyl chloride combustion with T90of182°C.The optimal activity was attributed to the improved redox capability of Mn4+/Mn3+.More available adsorbed oxygen and Mn4+species on the surface were mainly responsible for the remarkable enhancement of the catalytic activity.展开更多
Background : This study examined the ameliorative effect of D-3-O-methylchiroinositol, isolated from the stem bark of Piliostigma thonningii, on cadmium chloride-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats. Methods : Thi...Background : This study examined the ameliorative effect of D-3-O-methylchiroinositol, isolated from the stem bark of Piliostigma thonningii, on cadmium chloride-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats. Methods : Thirty-six rats were assigned to three treatment groups(n = 12). Group A(2 mL distilled water), group B:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2) and group C:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2 and D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol 2 mg/kg b.w.). Bone ash, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and zinc content, as well as bone histological changes were determined at the end of months 1, 2, and 3. Results : There were significant differences( P ≤ 0.05) in the weight of the cervical, tibia, and femoral bones in all groups. The serum concentration of CdCl_2 was significantly different across the three groups with time. There was significant variation( P < 0.005) in the mean bone ash across groups. The concentration of OH-proline was significantly different( P < 0.0001) across groups. There were significant differences( P < 0.0001) in bone calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus concentrations. Histology revealed high levels of bone mineralisation in the CdCl_2-treated group, indicative of osteoporosis with hypertrophied osteocytes, while the femur of Wistar rats treated with D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol showed bone trabeculae and viable osteocytes. Conclusion : The study concluded that D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol extract from Piliostigma thionningii stem bark ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats.展开更多
Silica-supported tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride were prepared by the reaction of tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride with activated silica gel in refluxing toluene.These solid acids have been employed as ...Silica-supported tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride were prepared by the reaction of tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride with activated silica gel in refluxing toluene.These solid acids have been employed as the catalysts for the synthesis of bisdihydropyrimidin -2(1H)-ones from aromatic dialdehydes,1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea at 90℃under solvent-free conditions.展开更多
A new aromatic diamine,3,5-diaminobenzoylpiperazine (3,5-DABP),was synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1-formyl piperazine.The structure of 3,5-DABP was identified by FT-IR spectra and 1H NMR spectra.With 3...A new aromatic diamine,3,5-diaminobenzoylpiperazine (3,5-DABP),was synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1-formyl piperazine.The structure of 3,5-DABP was identified by FT-IR spectra and 1H NMR spectra.With 3,5-DABP as aqueous monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as organic monomer,thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization technology.The salt rejection order of these TFC membranes is Na2SO4MgSO4MgCl2NaCl.This sequence indicates that the membranes are negatively charged.展开更多
In this work,hydrothermal method was used to prepare the CaZnAl-CO3 ternary layered double hydroxides(CaZnAl-CO3-LDHs)with various Ca/Zn/Al molar ratios,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier trans...In this work,hydrothermal method was used to prepare the CaZnAl-CO3 ternary layered double hydroxides(CaZnAl-CO3-LDHs)with various Ca/Zn/Al molar ratios,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques.The obtained results demonstrate that the samples were well-crystallized and flake-structured.The CaZnAl-CO3-LDHs used alone for thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)resin,with different Ca/Zn/Al molar ratios and varying additive amounts,were investigated through the tests such as static thermal aging,mass loss and congo red,respectively.The optimum Ca/Zn/Al molar ratio and additive amount were 3.6:0.4:2 and 5 phr(parts per hundred PVC resin),respectively.In addition,the synergistic effects of Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-CO3-LDHs and CaSt2 were discussed in detail,showing better thermal stability compared with Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-CO3-LDHs used alone,and the optimum additive amounts of Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-LDHs and CaSt2 were 6 and 1.0 phr,respectively.展开更多
Strontium chloride was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst in one-pot condensation of anthranilic acid, ortho esters and amines leading to the formation of 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives in good yields at ...Strontium chloride was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst in one-pot condensation of anthranilic acid, ortho esters and amines leading to the formation of 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives in good yields at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.展开更多
In this paper a polyaluminum chloride solution with high Al13 content was prepared and used as raw material for preparation ofγ-Al2O3.The texture and crystalline phase of the prepared alumina samples were characteriz...In this paper a polyaluminum chloride solution with high Al13 content was prepared and used as raw material for preparation ofγ-Al2O3.The texture and crystalline phase of the prepared alumina samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) ,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscope(TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses.The effects of alkaline solution and calcination temperature were investigated.The results showed that alkaline solution including NH3·H2O and NaOH had little effect on the alumina sample formation.The impurities of NH4Cl and NaCl in solution can be removed through repeated washing by EDX analysis.Calcination temperature had a significant effect on alumina crystal phase.The alumina sample can transform completely toγ-Al2O3 in the subsequent heating from 600°C to 800°C.It is very interesting that Al13 can be existed inγ-Al2O3 phase even after calcinations.The results indicate that polyaluminum chloride with high Al13 content is an effective material to prepareγ-Al2O3.展开更多
Use of free air as oxidant and copper(II)chloride as catalyst,3,3'-di-tert-butylbi-phenyl-2,5,2',5'-diquinone(BBDQ)was prepared via catalytic oxidation of 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-bip...Use of free air as oxidant and copper(II)chloride as catalyst,3,3'-di-tert-butylbi-phenyl-2,5,2',5'-diquinone(BBDQ)was prepared via catalytic oxidation of 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-biphenyl(di-BHA).The yield of reaction attained 95% and the selectivity for BBDQ was 100%.The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the dihedral angle between two rings(benzene rings for di-BHA and quinone rings for BBDQ)changes from 89.8 to 45.3o,indicating the steric hindrance effects of methyl disappear in the oxidation process.The crystal structures of di-BHA and BBDQ are further confirmed by their spectral characterizations.The probable mechanism for this oxidation process is also discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects....BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of EES on hippocampal apoptosis and caspase-3 expression, and to compare the effects on sodium valproate (positive control drug) in a rat model of status epilepticus induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This randomized, controlled study was conducted at the Drug Research and Development Center, Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group, and the Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China from May 2007 to April 2008. MATERIALS: EES were prepared by Huashen Pharmaceutical, China. Sodium valproate (Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical, China) and lithium chloride-pilocarpine (Sigma, USA) were also used in the present study. METHODS: From a total of 156 rats, six served as normal controls. The remaining rats were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride-pilocarpine to establish status epileptlcus models, and then assigned to five groups (n = 30, respectively). Animals in each group were administered drugs at 15 minutes after epileptic seizure by gavage, i.e. in the normal control and model groups, rats were treated with 1 mL/0.1 kg saline. The sodium valproate group was administered 120 mg/kg/d sodium valproate. The low-, moderate-, and high-dose EES groups received treatments of 290, 580 and 1 160 mg/kg/d EES. The dispensed concentration was 1 mL/0.1 kg. Rat seizure behavior was observed. If status epilepticus did not terminated after 1 hour, the rats were intraperitoneally administered atropine (1 mg/kg) and diazepam (10 mg/kg) to terminate seizure. These rats were continuously observed for 6 hours to ensure seizure termination. Then rats were treated with the above-mentioned drugs at 8:00 am each day until sacrifice, which took place 4 hours after drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 expression were, respectively, determined by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry at 6, 24 48, and 72 hours, as well as 7 days, after status epilepticus. Behavioral changes were also measured. RESULTS: A few caspase-3-positive cells were observed. TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive ceils were mainly visible in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions 6 hours following status epilepticus in the model and drug intervention groups. The number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours following status epilepticus in the sodium valproate group, as well as the moderate- and high-dose EES groups, and number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 72 hours in the model and low-dose EES groups. The number of caspase-3-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours in each group. Following treatment of sodium valproate and EES, the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells significantly decreased compared with the model group at various time points (P 〈 0.05). The number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells was greatest in the low-dose EES group, followed by the moderate- and high-dose EES groups. The number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells was similar between the sodium valproate and high-dose EES groups. Epileptic seizure was significantly improved in the sodium valproate group, as well as the moderate- and high-dose EES groups, compared with the model group (P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01). Treatment with sodium valproate and high-dose EES resulted in the best outcome, although the results were similar (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: A dose of 1 160 mg/kg/d EES significantly inhibited status epilepticus. This outcome corresponded to a decreased number of apoptotlc cells and caspase-3-positive cells, which was similar to sodium valproate. These results suggest that it is not necessary to extract a component from the scorpion for the treatment of epilepsy. The high dose of EES significantly inhibited epilepsy, which correlated with decreased hippocampal caspase-3 expression.展开更多
In this study, we used a mixture of organic liquid propane-1,3-diol and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([emim]Cl) as the entrainer to separate tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) + water. We measured the isobari...In this study, we used a mixture of organic liquid propane-1,3-diol and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([emim]Cl) as the entrainer to separate tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) + water. We measured the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) for the quaternary system TBA + water + propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl at 101.3 kPa, and found the VLE data to be well correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid model. These results show that the mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl can increase the relative volatility of TBA to water and break the azeotropic point. We found no notable synergetic effect between them, and observed that the liquid mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol and [emim]Cl had lower viscosity than [emim]Cl, which makes it a promising entrainer for separating the TBA + water azeotrope in industrial applications.展开更多
A polyaluminium chloride solution with high Al 13 content self-prepared was used as material for preparing the spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 by the sol-gel and oil-drop method. Polyethylene glycol with different molecular mas...A polyaluminium chloride solution with high Al 13 content self-prepared was used as material for preparing the spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 by the sol-gel and oil-drop method. Polyethylene glycol with different molecular mass was used as surfactant to investigate the effect on property of γ-Al 2 O 3 . The physical property was characterized by 27 Al NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and TG-DTA (thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis). The results showed that surface area, pore volume and pore size of γ-Al 2 O 3 all increased with the increase of polyethylene glycol molecular mass in the experimental research range, and polyethylene glycol 10000 was the most suitable pore forming additive. γ-Al 2 O 3 with surface area of 339 m 2 ·g 1 , pore volume of 0.59 cm 3 ·g 1 and pore diameter of 6.9 nm were obtained at 450 °C.展开更多
A Titanium tetrachloride-1-methyl-3-ethytimidazolium chloride melt has been prepared.The reduction process of Ti(IV)appears to be diffusion controlled in the composition of 0.4:1 mole ralio of TiCl_4-1-methyl-3-ethyli...A Titanium tetrachloride-1-methyl-3-ethytimidazolium chloride melt has been prepared.The reduction process of Ti(IV)appears to be diffusion controlled in the composition of 0.4:1 mole ralio of TiCl_4-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride and the electrochemical behavior of Ti(IV)shows remarkable compositon dependence.展开更多
We previously demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC)promoted the production of nitric oxide(NO)and proinflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAP...We previously demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC)promoted the production of nitric oxide(NO)and proinflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)and Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 cells,indicating good immunomodulatory activity of HACC.In this study,to further investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HACC,we determined the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,activating protein(AP-1)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in HACC-induced activation of RAW 264.7 cells by the western blotting.The results suggest that HACC promoted the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt.Furthermore,c-Jun and p65 were also increased after the treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with HACC,indicating the translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.In addition,as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis shows,the cell morphology changed after HACC treatment.These findings indicate that HACC activated MAPK,JAK/STAT,and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways dependent on AP-1 and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells,ultimately leading to the increase of NO and cytokines.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160157a grant from Guizhou Science and Technology Department in China,No.SY20093075Technological Talents Funds of Guizhou Province in China,No.201209
文摘Over-production of nitric oxide is pathogenic for neuronal apoptosis around the ischemic area fol- lowing ischemic brain injury. In this study, an apoptotic model in rat hippocampal neurons was es- tablished by 0.5 mmol/L 3-morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-l), a nitric oxide donor. The models were then cultured with 0.1 mmol/L of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS; the chloride channel blocker)for 18 hours. Neuronal survival was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was assayed by Hoechst 33342-labeled neuronal DNA fluorescence staining. Western blot analysis and immunochemilumi- nescence staining were applied to determine the changes of activated caspase-3 and CIC-3 channel proteins. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of CIC-3. The results showed that SIN-1 reduced the neuronal survival rate, induced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted CIC-3 chloride channel protein and mRNA expression in the apoptotic neurons. DIDS reversed the effect of SIN-I. Our findings indicate that the increased activities of the CIC-3 chloride channel may be involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by nitric oxide.
基金support from the Research Council of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
文摘2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl chloride catalysts the reaction is limited to give only 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes 3a-k in very good yields.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30870876the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.815101700100005+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,No.2005B60302004,2008B030301371,2009B030801368the Traditional Chinese Medicineand Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Program of Guangzhou,No.2008A52the Medical and Health Scientific Research Program of Guangzhou,No.2009-YB-167
文摘In the present study,Fmr1 knockout mice (KO mice) were used as the model for fragile X syndrome.The results of step-through and step-down tests demonstrated that Fmr1 KO mice had shorter latencies and more error counts,indicating a learning and memory disorder.After treatment with 30,60,90,120,or 200 mg/kg lithium chloride,the learning and memory abilities of the Fmr1 KO mice were significantly ameliorated,in particular,the 200 mg/kg lithium chloride treatment had the most significant effect.Western blot analysis showed that lithium chloride significantly enhanced the expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,an inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Fmr1 KO mice.These results indicated that lithium chloride improved learning and memory in the Fmr1 KO mice,possibly by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21207037,21577035)the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality (15DZ1205305)~~
文摘LaMnO3was prepared by citrate sol‐gel,coprecipitation,hard template,and hydrothermal methods,respectively,and its catalytic performance for the combustion of vinyl chloride was investigated.N2adsorption‐desorption,X‐ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy(Raman),O2temperature programmed desorption(O2‐TPD),H2temperature programmed surface reaction(H2‐TPR)and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the LaMnO3samples.The preparation methods had obvious effects on the distribution of oxygen and manganese species on the catalyst surface.The reaction followed the suprafacial mechanism;the activity corresponded with the high amount of Mn4+and adsorbed oxygen species.LaMnO3prepared by the citrate sol‐gel method had the best performance for vinyl chloride combustion with T90of182°C.The optimal activity was attributed to the improved redox capability of Mn4+/Mn3+.More available adsorbed oxygen and Mn4+species on the surface were mainly responsible for the remarkable enhancement of the catalytic activity.
文摘Background : This study examined the ameliorative effect of D-3-O-methylchiroinositol, isolated from the stem bark of Piliostigma thonningii, on cadmium chloride-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats. Methods : Thirty-six rats were assigned to three treatment groups(n = 12). Group A(2 mL distilled water), group B:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2) and group C:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2 and D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol 2 mg/kg b.w.). Bone ash, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and zinc content, as well as bone histological changes were determined at the end of months 1, 2, and 3. Results : There were significant differences( P ≤ 0.05) in the weight of the cervical, tibia, and femoral bones in all groups. The serum concentration of CdCl_2 was significantly different across the three groups with time. There was significant variation( P < 0.005) in the mean bone ash across groups. The concentration of OH-proline was significantly different( P < 0.0001) across groups. There were significant differences( P < 0.0001) in bone calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus concentrations. Histology revealed high levels of bone mineralisation in the CdCl_2-treated group, indicative of osteoporosis with hypertrophied osteocytes, while the femur of Wistar rats treated with D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol showed bone trabeculae and viable osteocytes. Conclusion : The study concluded that D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol extract from Piliostigma thionningii stem bark ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats.
文摘Silica-supported tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride were prepared by the reaction of tin chloride and titanium tetrachloride with activated silica gel in refluxing toluene.These solid acids have been employed as the catalysts for the synthesis of bisdihydropyrimidin -2(1H)-ones from aromatic dialdehydes,1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea at 90℃under solvent-free conditions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21076176) the Research and Development Project of Tangshan(10140201C-3)+1 种基金 the Research and Development Project of Hebei Province(07275113) the Research Fund of Tangshan Normal College
文摘A new aromatic diamine,3,5-diaminobenzoylpiperazine (3,5-DABP),was synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1-formyl piperazine.The structure of 3,5-DABP was identified by FT-IR spectra and 1H NMR spectra.With 3,5-DABP as aqueous monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as organic monomer,thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization technology.The salt rejection order of these TFC membranes is Na2SO4MgSO4MgCl2NaCl.This sequence indicates that the membranes are negatively charged.
基金Project(21371180)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(K1303015-11)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Changsha City,ChinaProject(20130162110018)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China。
文摘In this work,hydrothermal method was used to prepare the CaZnAl-CO3 ternary layered double hydroxides(CaZnAl-CO3-LDHs)with various Ca/Zn/Al molar ratios,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques.The obtained results demonstrate that the samples were well-crystallized and flake-structured.The CaZnAl-CO3-LDHs used alone for thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)resin,with different Ca/Zn/Al molar ratios and varying additive amounts,were investigated through the tests such as static thermal aging,mass loss and congo red,respectively.The optimum Ca/Zn/Al molar ratio and additive amount were 3.6:0.4:2 and 5 phr(parts per hundred PVC resin),respectively.In addition,the synergistic effects of Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-CO3-LDHs and CaSt2 were discussed in detail,showing better thermal stability compared with Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-CO3-LDHs used alone,and the optimum additive amounts of Ca3.6Zn0.4Al2-LDHs and CaSt2 were 6 and 1.0 phr,respectively.
文摘Strontium chloride was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst in one-pot condensation of anthranilic acid, ortho esters and amines leading to the formation of 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives in good yields at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50708109 40673003) the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars State Education Ministry(ITLXHG2009071702) the Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry(09Y02ESPCR)
文摘In this paper a polyaluminum chloride solution with high Al13 content was prepared and used as raw material for preparation ofγ-Al2O3.The texture and crystalline phase of the prepared alumina samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) ,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscope(TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses.The effects of alkaline solution and calcination temperature were investigated.The results showed that alkaline solution including NH3·H2O and NaOH had little effect on the alumina sample formation.The impurities of NH4Cl and NaCl in solution can be removed through repeated washing by EDX analysis.Calcination temperature had a significant effect on alumina crystal phase.The alumina sample can transform completely toγ-Al2O3 in the subsequent heating from 600°C to 800°C.It is very interesting that Al13 can be existed inγ-Al2O3 phase even after calcinations.The results indicate that polyaluminum chloride with high Al13 content is an effective material to prepareγ-Al2O3.
基金supported by the 973 Program (2005CB623607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20771061)the scientific program 2008BAE64B09
文摘Use of free air as oxidant and copper(II)chloride as catalyst,3,3'-di-tert-butylbi-phenyl-2,5,2',5'-diquinone(BBDQ)was prepared via catalytic oxidation of 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-biphenyl(di-BHA).The yield of reaction attained 95% and the selectivity for BBDQ was 100%.The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the dihedral angle between two rings(benzene rings for di-BHA and quinone rings for BBDQ)changes from 89.8 to 45.3o,indicating the steric hindrance effects of methyl disappear in the oxidation process.The crystal structures of di-BHA and BBDQ are further confirmed by their spectral characterizations.The probable mechanism for this oxidation process is also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30740035the Tackle Key Program of Sichuan Province,No.05SG1672
文摘BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of EES on hippocampal apoptosis and caspase-3 expression, and to compare the effects on sodium valproate (positive control drug) in a rat model of status epilepticus induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This randomized, controlled study was conducted at the Drug Research and Development Center, Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group, and the Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China from May 2007 to April 2008. MATERIALS: EES were prepared by Huashen Pharmaceutical, China. Sodium valproate (Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical, China) and lithium chloride-pilocarpine (Sigma, USA) were also used in the present study. METHODS: From a total of 156 rats, six served as normal controls. The remaining rats were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride-pilocarpine to establish status epileptlcus models, and then assigned to five groups (n = 30, respectively). Animals in each group were administered drugs at 15 minutes after epileptic seizure by gavage, i.e. in the normal control and model groups, rats were treated with 1 mL/0.1 kg saline. The sodium valproate group was administered 120 mg/kg/d sodium valproate. The low-, moderate-, and high-dose EES groups received treatments of 290, 580 and 1 160 mg/kg/d EES. The dispensed concentration was 1 mL/0.1 kg. Rat seizure behavior was observed. If status epilepticus did not terminated after 1 hour, the rats were intraperitoneally administered atropine (1 mg/kg) and diazepam (10 mg/kg) to terminate seizure. These rats were continuously observed for 6 hours to ensure seizure termination. Then rats were treated with the above-mentioned drugs at 8:00 am each day until sacrifice, which took place 4 hours after drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 expression were, respectively, determined by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry at 6, 24 48, and 72 hours, as well as 7 days, after status epilepticus. Behavioral changes were also measured. RESULTS: A few caspase-3-positive cells were observed. TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive ceils were mainly visible in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions 6 hours following status epilepticus in the model and drug intervention groups. The number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours following status epilepticus in the sodium valproate group, as well as the moderate- and high-dose EES groups, and number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 72 hours in the model and low-dose EES groups. The number of caspase-3-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours in each group. Following treatment of sodium valproate and EES, the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells significantly decreased compared with the model group at various time points (P 〈 0.05). The number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells was greatest in the low-dose EES group, followed by the moderate- and high-dose EES groups. The number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells was similar between the sodium valproate and high-dose EES groups. Epileptic seizure was significantly improved in the sodium valproate group, as well as the moderate- and high-dose EES groups, compared with the model group (P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01). Treatment with sodium valproate and high-dose EES resulted in the best outcome, although the results were similar (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: A dose of 1 160 mg/kg/d EES significantly inhibited status epilepticus. This outcome corresponded to a decreased number of apoptotlc cells and caspase-3-positive cells, which was similar to sodium valproate. These results suggest that it is not necessary to extract a component from the scorpion for the treatment of epilepsy. The high dose of EES significantly inhibited epilepsy, which correlated with decreased hippocampal caspase-3 expression.
基金supported by the Innovation Fund of Tianjin University (No. 2010XJ-0022)
文摘In this study, we used a mixture of organic liquid propane-1,3-diol and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([emim]Cl) as the entrainer to separate tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) + water. We measured the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) for the quaternary system TBA + water + propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl at 101.3 kPa, and found the VLE data to be well correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid model. These results show that the mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol + [emim]Cl can increase the relative volatility of TBA to water and break the azeotropic point. We found no notable synergetic effect between them, and observed that the liquid mixed solvent of propane-1,3-diol and [emim]Cl had lower viscosity than [emim]Cl, which makes it a promising entrainer for separating the TBA + water azeotrope in industrial applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21076219)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry (ITLXHG2009071702)
文摘A polyaluminium chloride solution with high Al 13 content self-prepared was used as material for preparing the spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 by the sol-gel and oil-drop method. Polyethylene glycol with different molecular mass was used as surfactant to investigate the effect on property of γ-Al 2 O 3 . The physical property was characterized by 27 Al NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and TG-DTA (thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis). The results showed that surface area, pore volume and pore size of γ-Al 2 O 3 all increased with the increase of polyethylene glycol molecular mass in the experimental research range, and polyethylene glycol 10000 was the most suitable pore forming additive. γ-Al 2 O 3 with surface area of 339 m 2 ·g 1 , pore volume of 0.59 cm 3 ·g 1 and pore diameter of 6.9 nm were obtained at 450 °C.
文摘A Titanium tetrachloride-1-methyl-3-ethytimidazolium chloride melt has been prepared.The reduction process of Ti(IV)appears to be diffusion controlled in the composition of 0.4:1 mole ralio of TiCl_4-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride and the electrochemical behavior of Ti(IV)shows remarkable compositon dependence.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0311305)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Nos.2019GHY112015,2019YYSP028)。
文摘We previously demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC)promoted the production of nitric oxide(NO)and proinflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)and Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 cells,indicating good immunomodulatory activity of HACC.In this study,to further investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HACC,we determined the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,activating protein(AP-1)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in HACC-induced activation of RAW 264.7 cells by the western blotting.The results suggest that HACC promoted the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt.Furthermore,c-Jun and p65 were also increased after the treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with HACC,indicating the translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.In addition,as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis shows,the cell morphology changed after HACC treatment.These findings indicate that HACC activated MAPK,JAK/STAT,and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways dependent on AP-1 and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells,ultimately leading to the increase of NO and cytokines.