An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be ap...An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.展开更多
典型海洋摇摆对压水堆堆芯的热工水力特性有显著影响,从而导致一回路腐蚀产物的沉积生长规律发生变化。本文基于数据交换方法,通过多尺度耦合建立反应堆一回路系统模型,将摇摆条件下的冷却剂流动数学模型和腐蚀产物沉积生长模型加入模拟...典型海洋摇摆对压水堆堆芯的热工水力特性有显著影响,从而导致一回路腐蚀产物的沉积生长规律发生变化。本文基于数据交换方法,通过多尺度耦合建立反应堆一回路系统模型,将摇摆条件下的冷却剂流动数学模型和腐蚀产物沉积生长模型加入模拟中,对摇摆条件下3×3棒束上腐蚀产物的生长过程进行了研究。结果表明,摇摆会导致冷却剂流速和棒外壁温发生周期性变化,流量脉动和温度波动会加剧摇摆切线方向上的剥蚀作用,削弱沉积过程。在轴向高度较低的通道截面上,靠近外围绝热壁面的棒表面上生长的多孔介质沉积层(Chalk River Unidentified Deposit,CRUD)最厚;在轴向高度较高的通道截面上,所有位置的棒上的CRUD分布规律趋于一致,并且在燃料棒周向的分布体现在极坐标系中呈现出趋近于椭圆形的规律。展开更多
The possibility of utilizing thorium as a fuel in a pressurized water reactor(PWR)has been proven from the neutronic perspective in our previously published work without assessing the thermal hydraulic(TH)and solid st...The possibility of utilizing thorium as a fuel in a pressurized water reactor(PWR)has been proven from the neutronic perspective in our previously published work without assessing the thermal hydraulic(TH)and solid structure performances.Therefore,the TH and solid structure performances must be studied to confirm these results and ensure the possibility of using a thorium-based fuel as an excellent accident-tolerant fuel.The TH and solid structure performances of thorium-based fuels were investigated and compared with those of UO_(2).The radial and axial power peaking factors(PPFs)for UO_(2),(^(232)Th,^(235)U)O_(2),and(^(232)Th,^(233)U)O_(2)were examined with a PWR assembly to determine the total PPF of each one.Both Gd_(2)O_(3)and Er_(2)O_(3)were tested as burnable absorbers(BAs)to manage the excess reactivity at the beginning of the fuel cycle(BOC)and reduce the total PPF.Er_(2)O_(3)resulted in a more significant reduction to the total PPF and,therefore,a greater reduction to the temperature distribution compared to Gd_(2)O_(3).Given these results,we analyzed the effects of adding Er_(2)O_(3)to thorium-based fuels on their TH and solid structure performances.展开更多
文摘An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.
文摘典型海洋摇摆对压水堆堆芯的热工水力特性有显著影响,从而导致一回路腐蚀产物的沉积生长规律发生变化。本文基于数据交换方法,通过多尺度耦合建立反应堆一回路系统模型,将摇摆条件下的冷却剂流动数学模型和腐蚀产物沉积生长模型加入模拟中,对摇摆条件下3×3棒束上腐蚀产物的生长过程进行了研究。结果表明,摇摆会导致冷却剂流速和棒外壁温发生周期性变化,流量脉动和温度波动会加剧摇摆切线方向上的剥蚀作用,削弱沉积过程。在轴向高度较低的通道截面上,靠近外围绝热壁面的棒表面上生长的多孔介质沉积层(Chalk River Unidentified Deposit,CRUD)最厚;在轴向高度较高的通道截面上,所有位置的棒上的CRUD分布规律趋于一致,并且在燃料棒周向的分布体现在极坐标系中呈现出趋近于椭圆形的规律。
文摘The possibility of utilizing thorium as a fuel in a pressurized water reactor(PWR)has been proven from the neutronic perspective in our previously published work without assessing the thermal hydraulic(TH)and solid structure performances.Therefore,the TH and solid structure performances must be studied to confirm these results and ensure the possibility of using a thorium-based fuel as an excellent accident-tolerant fuel.The TH and solid structure performances of thorium-based fuels were investigated and compared with those of UO_(2).The radial and axial power peaking factors(PPFs)for UO_(2),(^(232)Th,^(235)U)O_(2),and(^(232)Th,^(233)U)O_(2)were examined with a PWR assembly to determine the total PPF of each one.Both Gd_(2)O_(3)and Er_(2)O_(3)were tested as burnable absorbers(BAs)to manage the excess reactivity at the beginning of the fuel cycle(BOC)and reduce the total PPF.Er_(2)O_(3)resulted in a more significant reduction to the total PPF and,therefore,a greater reduction to the temperature distribution compared to Gd_(2)O_(3).Given these results,we analyzed the effects of adding Er_(2)O_(3)to thorium-based fuels on their TH and solid structure performances.
