Abundant invariant solutions of extended(3+1)-dimensional KP-Boussinesq equation

Lie group analysis method is applied to the extended(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq equation and the corresponding similarity reduction equations are obtained with various infinitesimal generators.By selecting suitable arbitrary functions in the similarity reduction solutions,we obtain abundant invariant solutions,including the trigonometric solution,the kink-lump interaction solution,the interaction solution between lump wave and triangular periodic wave,the two-kink solution,the lump solution,the interaction between a lump and two-kink and the periodic lump solution in different planes.These exact solutions are also given graphically to show the detailed structures of this high dimensional integrable system.

SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

Three-dimensional(3D) synthetic aperture radar(SAR)extends the conventional 2D images into 3D features by several acquisitions in different aspects. Compared with 3D techniques via multiple observations in elevation, e.g. SAR interferometry(InSAR) and SAR tomography(TomoSAR), holographic SAR can retrieve 3D structure by observations in azimuth. This paper focuses on designing a novel type of orbit to achieve SAR regional all-azimuth observation(AAO) for embedded targets detection and holographic 3D reconstruction. The ground tracks of the AAO orbit separate the earth surface into grids. Target in these grids can be accessed with an azimuth angle span of360°, which is similar to the flight path of airborne circular SAR(CSAR). Inspired from the successive coverage orbits of optical sensors, several optimizations are made in the proposed method to ensure favorable grazing angles, the performance of 3D reconstruction, and long-term supervision for SAR sensors. Simulation experiments show the regional AAO can be completed within five hours. In addition, a second AAO of the same area can be duplicated in two days. Finally, an airborne SAR data process result is presented to illustrate the significance of AAO in 3D reconstruction.

Design and Application of Modern Interior Design Style System Based on Unity3D

With the constant change of fashion trends,interior design styles are changing day by day.Based on Unity3D technology,this paper develops a system for modern interior-style design and application.Taking the residential interior as a case study,the interior style design is achieved through 3D modeling and texture rendering and then combined with the Unity3D engine to achieve scene roaming and interactive design.The system enables designers to express design concepts more intuitively and efficiently and also improves customer participation and satisfaction.Through the experience of designers and customers,the system is verified to have more practical value than traditional interior design solutions.

Lie symmetry analysis and invariant solutions for the(3+1)-dimensional Virasoro integrable model

Lie symmetry analysis is applied to a(3+1)-dimensional Virasoro integrable model and the corresponding similarity reduction equations are obtained with the different infinitesimal generators.Invariant solutions with arbitrary functions for the(3+1)-dimensional Virasoro integrable model,including the interaction solution between a kink and a soliton,the lump-type solution and periodic solutions,have been studied analytically and graphically.

Interaction solutions for the second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation

Based on the Hirota bilinear method,the second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation is established.By Maple symbolic calculation,lump and lump-kink soliton solutions are obtained.The interaction solutions between the lump and multi-kink soliton,and the interaction between the lump and triangular periodic soliton are derived by combining a multi-exponential function or trigonometric sine and cosine functions with quadratic functions.Furthermore,periodiclump wave solution is derived via the ansatz including hyperbolic and trigonometric functions.Finally,3D plots,2D curves,density plots,and contour plots with particular choices of the suitable parameters are depicted to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER AIDED GARMENT DESIGN SYSTEM

A 3-Dimensional computer aided garment design (CAGD) system has been developed andimplemented on a high-performance workstation. We studied various approaches to the func-tional modelling of garment designs for the system. According to the characteristic data of a hu-man body, the models of human body and the garment are displayed on the screen, then we canmodify the garment with various styles and different sizes. The system can transform the 3-Dgarment to the 2-D pieces. The system has improved design efficiency. Various potential alterna-tives and improvement of the system have also been studied and explored.

Design and Implementation of Three-dimensional Landscape Design System

Based on the characteristics of landscape design,it is considered that three-dimensional rendering and landscape animation are important forms for the display of landscape effect,and has pointed out that there exist some deficiencies in the application of relevant software in China.By using VRML and 3DS MAX,a three-dimensional landscape design system has been developed.Then,its functions have been described which are CAD outline drawing,construction cost estimation,virtual reality,subsequent landscape observation,resources expansion and web files generation.Finally,it has discussed the modeling of virtual landscape data base and VRML interaction.

“新工科”背景下建筑设计人才“3+3+3”培养模式的建构

“新工科”国家战略的推动下,我国高等院校建筑人才培养面临新的挑战,建筑设计人才培养体系、培养质量与“新工科”建设愿景仍存在差距。该研究借鉴新加坡高等教育发展历程以及新加坡国立大学建筑设计人才培养内涵,探析如何在“新工科”背景下推动建筑设计人才培养模式的建构,以培养主体、培养途径、培养层级三要素为建筑设计人才培养框架,创新性提出“3+3+3”多层级建筑人才培养模式,以期为“新工科”战略的实施提供高素质建筑设计人才保障。

响应面法模拟优化蜡样芽孢杆菌W-3菌株产木聚糖酶发酵条件

【目的】应用响应面法对产木聚糖酶的工艺进行优化,为进一步大规模生产提供参考依据。【方法】通过单因素试验分别考察碳源、氮源、pH、温度、接种量和转速6个因素对蜡样芽孢杆菌W-3产木聚糖酶的影响。通过Design Expert 10.0.3软件中的Box-Behnken进行响应面优化设计。通过对小麦麸皮、氯化铵、pH、温度、接种量和转速进行不同组合,系统地优化了发酵条件。利用二次响应面回归方法建立酶产量与各因素之间的数学模型,并通过回归分析确定各因素对酶产量的影响程度。【结果】小麦麸皮添加量、氯化铵添加量、pH和温度是影响发酵的主效应因素,单因子优化显示,蜡样芽孢杆菌W-3发酵产木聚糖酶条件为小麦麸皮35 g/L、氯化铵5 g/L、pH 8.0、温度70℃、接种量2%、转速210 r/min。在单因子优化的基础上进一步应用响应面优化,找到了更优的发酵参数,经过优化后的发酵条件为小麦麸皮33.0 g/L、氯化铵5.1 g/L、pH 8.3、温度73℃、接种量2%、转速210 r/min,该条件下蜡样芽孢杆菌W3发酵产生的木聚糖酶的酶活为523.24 U/mL。【结论】本试验通过响应面法优化了蜡样芽孢杆菌W-3发酵条件,在33.0 g/L小麦麸皮、5.1 g/L氯化铵、pH 8.3、73℃、2%接种量、210 r/min条件下,可获得较高的木聚糖酶的酶活(523.24 U/mL),比优化之前(225.53 U/mL)提高了2.32倍。

Residual symmetry, CRE integrability and interaction solutions of two higher-dimensional shallow water wave equations

Two(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equations are studied by using residual symmetry and the consistent Riccati expansion(CRE) method. Through localization of residual symmetries, symmetry reduction solutions of the two equations are obtained. The CRE method is applied to the two equations to obtain new B?cklund transformations from which a type of interesting interaction solution between solitons and periodic waves is generated.

A 3-DIMENSIONAL DATA MODEL FOR VISUALIZING CLOVERLEAF JUNCTION IN A CITY MODEL

The research work has been seldom done about cloverleaf junction expression in a 3-dimensional city model (3DCM). The main reason is that the cloverleaf junction is often in a complex and enormous construction. Its main body is bestraddle in air,and has aerial intersections between its parts. This complex feature made cloverleaf junction quite different from buildings and terrain, therefore, it is difficult to express this kind of spatial objects in the same way as for buildings and terrain. In this paper,authors analyze spatial characteristics of cloverleaf junction, propose an all-constraint points TIN algorithm to partition cloverleaf junction road surface, and develop a method to visualize cloverleaf junction road surface using TIN. In order to manage cloverleaf junction data efficiently, the authors also analyzed the mechanism of 3DCM data management, extended BLOB type in relational database, and combined R-tree index to manage 3D spatial data. Based on this extension, an appropriate data

All Single Traveling Wave Solutions to （3＋1）-Dimensional Nizhnok-Novikov-Veselov Equation

Using elementary integral method, a complete classification of all possible exact traveling wave solutions to （3＋1）-dimensional Nizhnok-Novikov-Veselov equation is given. Some solutions are new.

New Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws to （3＋1）-Dimensional Potential-YTSF Equation

Using the modified find some new exact solutions to Lie point symmetry groups and also get conservation laws, of the CK＇s direct method, we build the relationship between new solutions and old ones and the （3＋1）-dimensional potentiaial-YTSF equation. Baaed on the invariant group theory, Lie symmetries of the （3＋1）-dimensional potential-YTSF equation are obtained. We equation with the given Lie symmetry.

Evaluation of Airway Obstruction at Soft Palate Level in Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome:Dynamic 3-Dimensional CT Imaging of Upper Airway

This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） by using dynamic 3-Dimensional（3-D） CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller＇s maneuver.The soft palate length（SPL）,the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region（mXSA-RP）,and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid（hhL） were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length（HPL）,were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index（AHI） and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen（LSaO2）] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller＇s maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters（except the position of the hyoid bone） between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index（BMI）≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller＇s maneuver than those in group with BMI26（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.

Grammian Determinant Solution and Pfaffianization for a (3+1)-Dimensional Soliton Equation

Based on the Pfaffian derivative formulae,a Grammian determinant solution for a(3+1)-dimensionalsoliton equation is obtained.Moreover,the Pfaffianization procedure is applied for the equation to generate a newcoupled system.At last,a Gram-type Pfaffian solution to the new coupled system is given.

NOVEL 6-SPS PARALLEL 3-DIMENSIONAL PLATFORM MANIPULATOR AND ITS FORCE/MOTION TRANSMISSION ANALYSIS

The unique design for a novel 6-SPS parallel 3-dimensional platformmanipulator with an orthogonal configuration is investigated. The layout feature of the parallelmanipulator is described. Its force/motion transmission capability, evaluation criteria arepresented. At the orthogonal configuration, the criteria and the relationships between the criteriaand the link lengths are analyzed, which is important since it can provide designer a piece ofvaluable information about how to choose the linear actuators. From the analysis of the results itis shown that the force/motion transmission capabilities of the parallel manipulator arecharacterized by isotropy at the orthogonal configuration. The manipulator is particularly suitablefor certain applications in 6-DOF micromanipulators and 6-axis force/moment transducers.

Spatiotemporal Similaritons in (3+l)-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Nonlinear Medium with Cubic-Quintic Nonlinearity

We obtain exact spatiotemporal similaritons to a （3＋ l）-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in a cubic-quintic nonlinearity medium with distributed dispersion and gain. A one-to-one correspondence between such self-similar waves and solutions of the elliptic equation is found when a certain compatibility condition is satisfied. Based on exact solutions, we discuss evolutional behaviors of self-similar cnoidal waves and chirped similaritons in two kind of typicai soliton control systems. Moreover, the comparison between chirped similaritons and chirp-free solitons is given.

Some Special Types of Solitary Wave Solutions for （3＋1）-Dimensional Jimbo-MiwaEquation

Using the extended homogeneous balance method, we find some special types of single solitary wave solution and new types of the multisoliton solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation.

Engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for advanced photocatalysis:Recent advances

Photocatalysis driven by abundant yet intermittent solar energy has considerable potential in renewable energy generation and environmental remediation.The outstanding electronic structure and physicochemical properties of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),together with unique metal-free characteristic,make them ideal candidates for advanced photocatalysts construction.This review summarizes the up-to-date advances on g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts from ingenious-design strategies and diversified photocatalytic applications.Notably,the advantages,fabrication methods and limitations of each design strategy are systemically analyzed.In order to deeply comprehend the inner connection of theory–structure–performance upon g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts,structure/composition designs,corresponding photocatalytic activities and reaction mechanisms are jointly discussed,associated with introducing their photocatalytic applications toward water splitting,carbon dioxide/nitrogen reduction and pollutants degradation,etc.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives for g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for photocatalysis are briefly proposed.These design strategies and limitations are also instructive for constructing g-C_(3)N_(4) based materials in other energy and environment-related applications.

A Generalized Variable-Coefficient Algebraic Method Exactly Solving （3＋1）-Dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli Equation

A generalized variable-coefficient algebraic method is appfied to construct several new families of exact solutions of physical interest for （3＋1）-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli （KP） equation. Among them, the Jacobi elliptic periodic solutions exactly degenerate to the soliton solutions at a certain limit condition. Compared with the existing tanh method, the extended tanh method, the Jacobi elliptic function method, and the algebraic method, the proposed method gives new and more general solutions.