NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3-D TURBULENT FLOWS OVER DREDGED TRENCHES

A 3- D free surface flow in open channels based on the Reynolds equations with the k-ε turbulence closure model is presented in this paper. Insted of the 'rigid lid' approximation, the solution of the free surface equation is implemented in the velocity-pressure iterative procedure on the basis of the conventional SIMPLE method. This model was used to compute the flow in rectangular channels with trenches dredged across the bottom. The velocity, eddy viscosity coefficient, turbulent shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy and elevation of the free surface can be obtained. The computed results are in good agreement with previous experimental data.

Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase threedimensional unsteady flow in centrifugal slurry pump

Based on RNG k-ε turbulence model and sliding grid technique, solid-liquid two-phase three-dimensional(3-D) unsteady turbulence of full passage in slurry pump was simulated by means of Fluent software. The effects of unsteady flow characteristics on solid-liquid two-phase flow and pump performance were researched under design condition. The results show that clocking effect has a significant influence on the flow in pump, and the fluctuation of flow velocity and pressure is obvious, particularly near the volute tongue, at the position of small sections of volute and within diffuser. Clocking effect has a more influence on liquid-phase than on solid-phase, and the wake-jet structure of relative velocity of solid-phase is less obvious than liquid-phase near the volute tongue and the impeller passage outlet. The fluctuation of relative velocity of solid-phase flow is 7.6% smaller than liquid-phase flow at the impeller outlet on circular path. Head and radial forces of the impeller are 8.1% and 85.7% of fluctuation, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research for turbulence, improving efficient, reducing the hydraulic losses and wear. Finally, field tests were carried out to verify the operation and wear of slurry pump.

Simulation of subcritical flow pattern in 180° uniform and convergent open-channel bends using SSIIM 3-D model

In meandering rivers, the flow pattern is highly complex, with specific characteristics at bends that are not observed along straight paths. A numerical model can be effectively used to predict such flow fields. Since river bends are not uniform-some are divergent and others convergent-in this study, after the SSIIM 3-D model was calibrated using the result of measurements along a uniform 180° bend with a width of 0.6 m, a similar but convergent 180v bend, 0.6 m to 0.45 m wide, was simulated using the SSI1M 3-D numerical model. Flow characteristics of the convergent 180° bend, including lengthwise and vertical velocity profiles, primary and secondary flows, lengthwise and widtbwise slopes of the water surface, and the helical flow strength, were compared with those of the uniform 180° bend. The verification results of the model show that the numerical model can effectively simulate the flow field in the uniform bend. In addition, this research indicates that, in a convergent channel, the maximum velocity path at a plane near the water surface crosses the channel＇s centerline at about a 30° to 40° cross-section, while in the uniform bend, this occurs at about the 50° cross-section. The varying range of the water surface elevation is wider in the convergent channel than in the uniform one, and the strength of the helical flow is generally greater in the uniform channel than in the convergent one. Also, unlike the uniform bend, the convergent bend exhibits no rotational cell against the main direction of secondary flow rotation at the 135° cross-section.

Simulation of Polymer Melt Flow Fields in Intermeshing Co-Rotating Three-Screw Extruders

Three-dimension isothermal flows of polymer melt in the kneading blocks of triangularly-arranged and parallelly-arranged intermeshing co-rotating three-screw extruders are simulated using the finite element package POLYFLOW. Based on the velocity fields calculated, the particle trajectories in both machines are visualized using particle tracking technique. The numerical results indicate that the flow patterns in three-screw extruders are similar to those in twin-screw extruders. The triangularly-arranged three-screw extruder has the largest pumping capacity and also the highest extrusion stability in terms of flowrate fluctuation with screw rotation. The instantaneous mixing and cumulative residence time distribution （RTD） characteristics are also analyzed and compared with traditional intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruders. It is shown that the start section of the cumulative RTD curve for the triangularly-arranged machine has a small shoulder, which is attributed to the faster flow in the central region of this type of extruder.

Numerical simulation and application of three-dimensional oil resources migration-accumulation of fluid dynamics in porous media

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value in evaluation of oil resources and determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. Based on such actual conditions as the effects of fluid mechanics in porous media and 3-dimensional geology characteristics,a kind of modified method of second order upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme was put forward. As for the actual problem of Dongying hollow,Huimin hollow,Tanhai region and Yangxin hollow in Shengli Petroleum Oil Field,a numerical simulation test was carried out,and the result is basically coincident with the actual conditions. For the model problem,optimal order estimates were derived. Thus the well-known problem on oil resources was solved.

SIMULATION AND APPLICATION OF THREE_DIMENSIONAL MIGRATION_ACCUMULATION OF OIL RESOURCES

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value in the exploration of oil resources and their rational evaluation. In this paper, from such actual conditions as the effects of mechanics of fluids in porous media and 3-dimensional geology characteristics, a kind of modified method of second order splitting-up implicit interactive scheme is pur forward. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration-accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus the well-known problem has been solved.

Numerical simulation of the 3D flow field in a ring die pellet mill considering viscous heating

Viscous heating has a substantial influence on the extrusion forming process and product quality of powder materials.This study selected the MUZL420 ring die pellet mill as the research object,from which a 3D flow physical model was established.The numerical simulation of 3D nonisothermal flow in the extrusion pelletizing process of granulated alfalfa was performed with POLYFLOW.The distribution laws of pressure,velocity,shear rate,viscosity,viscous heating and temperature in the flow field were revealed to thoroughly investigate the pelletizing process and provide a reference for structural optimization and process control.The results showed that two extrusion zones in the pelleting chamber were symmetrical with respect to the center,and the significant pressure gradient along the rotating direction of the ring die and the roller caused the material to flow back in the opposite direction.There were larger velocity gradients,shear rates and viscous heating levels in the deformation and compaction zone,the negative pressure zone behind the extrusion zone and the die holes.The distribution of viscosity was opposite to that of the shear rate.The temperature increase area caused by viscous heating gradually expanded from the material inlet to the bottom of the extrusion chamber along the Z-axis direction,and the temperature increased accordingly.The extrusion force and the forming temperature in the extrusion forming zone were captured in the numerical simulation.The extrusion forming density was calculated with the regression prediction model established through the simulation experiment of pelletizing with a ring die.Through a comparison with the results of mean alfalfa pellet density from the ring die pellet mill experiment,the relative error was less than 5%,which indicated that the numerical simulation method was reliable.

Numerical Study of Conjugate Heat Transfer for Cooling the Circuit Board

In this paper, a 3D model of a flat circuit board with a heat generating electronic chip mounted on it has been studied numerically. The conjugate heat transfer including the conduction in the chip and convection with the surrounding fluid has been investigated numerically. Computational fluid dynamics using the finite volume method has been used for modeling the conjugate heat transfer through the chip and the circuit board. Conjugate heat transfer has broad applications in engineering and industrial applications in design of cooling off electronic components. Effects of various inlet velocities have been studied on the heat transfer variation and temperature of the circuit board. Numerical results show that the temperature of the chip reduces as the velocity of the inlet fluid flow increases.

坝前区域3维水温数值模拟研究

为避免大型水库低温下泄对下游水生生物或灌区农作物造成不利影响,准确预测水库的坝前水温分布十分必要。为此,采用3维水温紊流数学模型,以横向平均的2维水温模型的计算结果作为3维模型的入流边界条件和初始条件,以已建成的二滩水库坝前1 km范围内的水体为研究对象,进行3维水温的数值模拟验证。将模拟计算的水温结果与实测的水温结果进行对比分析,结果表明,采用作者提出的方法能够较好地模拟坝前深水库区的水体水温分层流动和进水口前的水体流动特性。

盒式气调包装机气体置换结构内部3-D流场的模拟

气体置换装置是气调包装机的核心部件。以盒式气调包装机中2种典型气体置换装置结构为研究对象,建立了2种气体置换结构的物理模型和包装盒内气体流场分析数学模型,应用Fluent软件对包装盒内的气体流场进行三维数值模拟。建立了保证气体置换质量的包装盒内三维流场评价指标,分析了气体置换装置充、排气孔的结构布置与排列方式对气体置换性能的影响。结果表明,与传统结构相比,新设计结构在气体置换率、流场静压分布、气体平均流速以及耗气量等方面均具有更佳的性能。

3通道煤粉燃烧器气固两相流动数值模拟

本文采用两相湍流流动的ｋ－ε－ｋｐ模型，对３通道煤粉燃烧器出口气流速度及煤粉浓度进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明，３通道煤粉燃烧器出口无中心回流，高煤粉浓度及高温烟气的外回流是强化煤粉燃烧及低ＮＯｘ排放的根本原因，计算气流轴向速度与实测值吻合较好。

大风对洪泽湖泗阳生态岛湖流影响数值模拟研究

为研究大风对洪泽湖泗阳生态岛工程湖流影响,采用MIKE 3建立了洪泽湖三维水动力数学模型。通过实测资料对模型参数率定,验证结果良好,进而研究了不同工况条件下洪泽湖水动力特性及泗阳生态岛工程对其附近湖流动力影响特性。结果表明:洪泽湖湖区流场变化主要受大风影响,风向及水位的变化均能对湖区壅水及湖流结构产生影响。生态岛的填筑将导致湖区出现局部迎流侧流速增大、背流侧流速减小的现象,但对整个湖区湖流及环流结构基本无影响。研究成果可为洪泽湖泗阳生态岛工程安全运行提供技术支撑。

多股水平淹没射流水垫塘流场数值模拟

水垫塘三维流场的研究是深入研究消能机理的基础 ,多股水平淹没射流水垫塘作为一种新的消力池型式 ,其水垫塘内水流流态特征是研究者最为关心的问题之一 ,本文对向家坝多股水平淹没射流水垫塘的三维流场进行了数值模拟 ,将计算的消力池底板压强及流速与实测结果进行了对比 ,计算值与实测值吻合较好 ,计算的消力池内三维流场与实验中观察到的流态及理论分析结果吻合很好 ,结合流场特性分析了试验和计算中发现的中孔射流冲击点比表孔射流冲击点更远的原因 ,分析了中孔之间不存在稳定的、明显的、贯穿的“马蹄涡”及其原因。

通过进气道优化改进柴油机的性能

利用仿真软件FIRE建立了6V150柴油机进气道的三维仿真模型,在用稳流吹风实验验证了仿真的结果后,分析了进气道内部的三维流场,然后采用缩小气门杆后部气流停滞区的方法提高了进气道的流量,而且该方法对气缸盖布置及进气门结构的影响也很小。最后,在仿真软件BOOST建立的整机仿真模型中,对柴油机的性能进行了分析。分析结果显示,在保证空燃比不变的前提下,在柴油机进气量增加的同时也加大其燃油量,可以提高柴油机的有效功率和指示平均有效压力(IMEP),改进了柴油机的动力性。

基于Fluent的螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封三维微间隙流场数值模拟

密封端面微间隙液膜特性是上游泵送机械密封性能研究的关键。采用Pro/E wildfire软件建立参数化螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封端面微间隙液膜几何模型,以清水为工作介质,使用Fluent软件,对跨尺度密封端面微间隙流场进行三维数值模拟,得到开启力及压力分布规律,并与有关测试结果进行对比分析,实验数据与模拟数值基本吻合,表明所采用的模拟方案可对螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封微间隙三维流场进行较好地描述,该方法可用于密封端面微间隙流场及性能的系统研究;对端面压强分布进行分析,结果表明,在螺旋槽外槽根处存在最大静压,液膜开启力的增大主要来源于槽根产生的最大静压。

高比转速离心压气机模型级叶轮内部三维流场分析与改进

利用三维数值模拟计算(CFD)技术和模型级与国外某 75 kW 燃气轮机压气机叶轮的内部流场进行了数值模拟,得到了相应的特性曲线与主要气动参数分布。完成的初步流场分析表明,尽管模型级有较高的效率和较宽广且平坦的工作特性,但叶轮设计仍有较多可改进之处。通过对计算结果进行的分析比较,得到了在离心压气机叶轮设计中有价值的初步性结果,为进一步的设计提供了改进途径和相应的基础数据。75 kW 燃气轮机的进气道型线经过优化改进后,总压恢复系数提高了 7.5％,并有进一步改进的余地。

多股多层水平淹没射流数值模拟研究

多股多层水平淹没射流是一种新型消能型式。本文采用VOF(VolumeofFluid)法和RNGk-ε紊流模型结合向家坝水电工程对多股多层水平淹没射流进行了三维数值模拟,将计算值与实验值进行了对比,计算值与实测值吻合较好,表明数值模拟方法是研究消力池水流运动规律及消能机理的有效途径。文中分析讨论了多股多层射流进入消力池后的水流结构与消能机理,研究结果表明:多股、多层射流进入消能水体时,在各主流的四周有一个消能旋滚,形成多个强剪切层消能区,消能率较高,但在平面上没有形成明显的、贯穿的立轴旋涡。同时,由于各漩滚的相互作用,能有效减小对消力池固壁的冲刷。

天然河段港口工程三维流场数值模拟

根据天然河段的地形条件,结合某港口建筑物布置,构建了工程河段流场数值计算模型.基于标准k-ε紊流模型,用有限体积法离散控制方程组,利用全隐式多重网格耦合求解技术,预测了港口工程河段水流流场的变化.

多级轴流压气机全工况特性数值模拟

采用一种快速求解三维粘性流场的计算方法求解某多级轴流压气机内部流场及全工况特性。该方法以ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ－ＧＥ隐式格式和 ＭＵＳＣＬ ＴＶＤ迎风格式为基础，结合壁面函数方法和简单的混合长度湍流模型，使用多重网格迭代加速收敛技术对三维可压缩雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程进行求解．叶列间参数的传递采用混合平面方法并应用了微机网络并行计算技术．首先对一个五排压气机（进口导叶加两级）进行了全工况特性计算，并对计算结果做了详细分析．然后对前三排（进口导叶加一级）进行了全工况特性计算并与五排联赛的计算结果进行了对比，对多级环境对单级性能的影响机理做了初步探讨。

典型窝崩三维数值模拟

窝崩是冲积河流常见的一种崩岸类型,具有发展速度快、破坏力强等特点,且不易成功模拟。以长江下游扬中河段指南村窝崩为例,基于窝崩机理及其力学模式,采用考虑回流区紊动影响的挟沙力公式模拟窝塘内泥沙输移,初步建立了窝崩三维数值模拟方法。研究结果表明:窝崩发生初期窝塘内局部水流具有底层流速大于上层流速的特征,这为窝塘底部及坡脚淘刷提供了动力条件;窝塘内回流区水流挟沙力的计算对窝崩形态模拟结果存在显著影响,考虑回流区紊动影响的泥沙输移特性后,模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合,可较好地模拟窝崩的快速发展过程。研究成果可为窝崩机理的深入认识和窝崩治理提供科技支撑。