A Survey on Type-3 Fuzzy Logic Systems and Their Control Applications

In this paper,we offer a review of type-3 fuzzy logic systems and their applications in control.The main objective of this work is to observe and analyze in detail the applications in the control area using type-3 fuzzy logic systems.In this case,we review their most important applications in control and other related topics with type-3 fuzzy systems.Intelligent algorithms have been receiving increasing attention in control and for this reason a review in this area is important.This paper reviews the main applications that make use of Intelligent Computing methods.Specifically,type-3 fuzzy logic systems.The aim of this research is to be able to appreciate,in detail,the applications in control systems and to point out the scientific trends in the use of Intelligent Computing techniques.This is done with the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks,developed with VosViewer Software,which it is a free Java-based program,mainly intended to be used for analyzing and visualizing bibliometric networks.With this tool,we can create maps of publications,authors,or journals based on a co-citation network or construct maps of keywords,countries based on a co-occurrence networks,research groups,etc.

Co_(3)O_(4)as an efficient passive NO_(x) adsorber for emission control during cold-start of diesel engines

The Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles,dominated by a catalytically active(110)lattice plane,were synthesized as a low-temperature NO_(x) adsorbent to control the cold start emissions from vehicles.These nanoparticles boast a substantial quantity of active chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen,which exhibited a NO_(x) uptake capacity commensurate with Pd/SSZ-13 at 100℃.The primary NO_(x) release temperature falls within a temperature range of 200-350℃,making it perfectly suitable for diesel engines.The characterization results demonstrate that chemisorbed oxygen facilitate nitro/nitrites intermediates formation,contributing to the NO_(x) storage at 100℃,while the nitrites begin to decompose within the 150-200℃range.Fortunately,lattice oxygen likely becomes involved in the activation of nitrites into more stable nitrate within this particular temperature range.The concurrent processes of nitrites decomposition and its conversion to nitrates results in a minimal NO_(x) release between the temperatures of 150-200℃.The nitrate formed via lattice oxygen mainly induces the NO_(x) to be released as NO_(2) within a temperature range of 200-350℃,which is advantageous in enhancing the NO_(x) activity of downstream NH_(3)-SCR catalysts,by boosting the fast SCR reaction pathway.Thanks to its low cost,considerable NO_(x) absorption capacity,and optimal release temperature,Co_(3)O_(4)demonstrates potential as an effective material for passive NO_(x) adsorber applications.

Open-plus-closed-loop control for chaotic motion of 3D rigid pendulum

An open-plus-closed-loop （OPCL） control problem for the chaotic motion of a 3D rigid pendulum subjected to a constant gravitationM force is studied. The 3D rigid pendulum is assumed to be consist of a rigid body supported by a fixed and frictionless pivot with three rotational degrees. In order to avoid the singular phenomenon of Euler＇s angular velocity equation, the quaternion kinematic equation is used to describe the motion of the 3D rigid pendulum. An OPCL controller for chaotic motion of a 3D rigid pendulum at equilibrium position is designed. This OPCL controller contains two parts： the open-loop part to construct an ideal trajectory and the closed-loop part to stabilize the 3D rigid pendulum. Simulation results show that the controller is effective and efficient.

融合蛋白CXCL10-loop3-EGF的可溶性表达及其抗肿瘤效应研究

目的:构建重组趋化因子CXCL10及表皮生长因子受体干扰序列融合蛋白(CXCL10-loop3-EGF),验证其靶向性抗肿瘤效应及抑制血管形成活性。方法:运用RT-PCR从经IFN-γ刺激活化的PBMC中扩增人CXCL10基因,运用重叠延伸PCR法扩增CXCL10-loop3-EGF融合基因,并将其与载体pTG19-T连接、转化大肠杆菌DH5α、筛选阳性克隆,CXCL10-loop3-EGF融合基因与载体pET32a(+)连接、转化大肠杆菌Origami B(DE3),诱导可溶性表达重组his-CXCL10-loop3-EGF融合蛋白,并经镍柱亲和层析、酶切、超滤及透析等方法获得纯化的重组CXCL10-loop3-EGF融合蛋白。通过Transwell细胞趋化实验及HUVEC血管形成抑制实验验证此融合蛋白的抗肿瘤效应。结果:SDS-PAGE和Western blotting证实CXCL10-loop3-EGF融合蛋白构建成功,纯化后的融合蛋白具有显著的趋化活化PBMC活性及抑制HUVEC血管形成活性。结论:成功构建融合蛋白CXCL10-loop3-EGF,该蛋白具有较好的靶向性抗肿瘤活性。

Control Efficacy of Validamycin A·(0.2 Billion Spores/ml) Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS for Rice Sheath Blight

With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.

SINGULAR PERTURBATION APPROACH TO MOVING MASS CONTROL OF BUOYANCY-DRIVEN AIRSHIP IN 3-D SPACE

The attitude control problem and the guidance problem are solved in 3-D for a buoyancy-driven airship actuated by the combined effects of an internal air bladder which modulates the airshiprs net weight and of two moving masses which modulate its center of mass. A simple and clear modeling is introduced to derive the 8 degree of freedom （DOF） mathematical model. Nonlinear control loops are derived through maximal feedback linearization with internal stability for both dynamics in the longitudinal plane and in the lateral plane. Based on a singular perturbation approach, the superposition of these two control actions in the longitudinal plane and in the lateral plane is shown to achieve the control of the dynamics in 3-D space. The simulations of the airship tracking specified attitude, moving direction and speed in 3-D space are presented.

Nominal Model-Based Sliding Mode Control with Backstepping for 3-Axis Flight Table

Based on nominal model, a novel global sliding mode controller （GSMC） with a new control scheme is proposed for a practical uncertain servo system. This control scheme consists of two combined controllers, One is the global sliding mode controller for practical plant, the other is the integral backstepping controller for nominal model. Modeling error between practical plant and nominal model is used to design GSMC. The steady-state control accuracy can be guaranteed by the integral backstepping control law, and the global robustness can be obtained by GSMC. The stability of the proposed controller is proved according to the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results both of sine signal and step signal tracking for 3-axis flight table are investigated to show good position tracking performance and high robustness with respect to large and parameter changes over all the response time.

速度350km/h高速铁路长大下坡地段闭塞分区设置方法研究

通过分析长大下坡道闭塞分区长度对CTCS-3级和后备CTCS-2级列控系统的影响,指出二者对闭塞分区长度的需求完全相反,并针对CTCS-3级列控系统的行车许可回缩、速度突降等问题的产生原因进行分析。阐述坡度、闭塞分区长度与不同列控模式下列车运行速度、追踪间隔时间等要素之间的关系,制定闭塞分区设置的基本原则。检算典型坡度下闭塞分区长度设置的合理区间范围及相应追踪间隔时间,指出坡度超过-30‰后将无法兼顾不同列控等级下的运行速度。设计模拟退火算法,根据闭塞分区设置原则及闭塞分区取值规律,给出压缩求解空间、提高求解效率的方法。以郑万高速铁路长大下坡地段为例,对闭塞分区设置进行优化,在不考虑其他约束的前提下,与设计院优化方案相比,本求解优化方案在确保CTCS-3级控车模式下允许速度可达350 km/h的同时,将CTCS-2级控车模式下的允许速度提高30 km/h,追踪间隔时间压缩23 s。

Design and Reliability Analysis of DP-3 Dynamic Positioning Control Architecture

As the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas proliferate throughout deepwater area, the requirements on the reliability of dynamic positioning system become increasingly stringent. The control objective ensuring safety operation at deep water will not be met by a single controller for dynamic positioning. In order to increase the availability and reliability of dynamic positioning control system, the triple redundancy hardware and software control architectures were designed and developed according to the safe specifications of DP-3 classification notation for dynamically positioned ships and rigs. The hardware redundant configuration takes the form of triple-redundant hot standby configuration including three identical operator stations and three real-time control computers which connect each other through dual networks. The function of motion control and redundancy management of control computers were implemented by software on the real-time operating system VxWorks. The software realization of task loose synchronization, majority voting and fault detection were presented in details. A hierarchical software architecture was planed during the development of software, consisting of application layer, real-time layer and physical layer. The behavior of the DP-3 dynamic positioning control system was modeled by a Markov model to analyze its reliability. The effects of variation in parameters on the reliability measures were investigated. The time domain dynamic simulation was carried out on a deepwater drilling rig to prove the feasibility of the proposed control architecture

Role of 3'-untranslated region translational control in cancer development, diagnostics and treatment

The messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR)plays an important role in regulation of gene expres-sion on the posttranscriptional level. The 3'UTR con-trols gene expression via orchestrated interactionbetween the structural components of mRNAs(cis-ele-ment) and the specific trans-acting factors(RNA bind-ing proteins and non-coding RNAs). The crosstalk ofthese factors is based on the binding sequences and/or direct protein-protein interaction, or just functionalinteraction. Much new evidence that has accumulatedsupports the idea that several RNA binding factors canbind to common mRNA targets: to the non-overlappingbinding sites or to common sites in a competitive fash-ion. Various factors capable of binding to the sameRNA can cooperate or be antagonistic in their actions.The outcome of the collective function of all factorsbound to the same mRNA 3'UTR depends on manycircumstances, such as their expression levels, affinity to the binding sites, and localization in the cell, which can be controlled by various physiological conditions. Moreover, the functional and/or physical interactions of the factors binding to 3'UTR can change the character of their actions. These interactions vary during the cell cycle and in response to changing physiological condi-tions. Abnormal functioning of the factors can lead to disease. In this review we will discuss how alterations of these factors or their interaction can affect cancer development and promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding these altera-tions and their impact on 3'UTR-directed posttran-scriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. We will also discuss emerging new tools in cancer di-agnostics and therapy based on 3'UTR binding factors and approaches to improve them.

Controllable design of Zn-Ni-P on g-C_3N_4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed.

Optimizing Control of Bio-dissimilation Process of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanedlol

An iterative optimization strategy is proposed and applied to the steady state optimizing control of the bio-dissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in the presence of model-plant mismatch and input constraints. The scheme is based on the Augmented Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation （AI- SOPE） technique, but a linearization of some performance function in the modified model-based optimization problem of AISOPE is introduced to overcome the difficulty of determining an appropriate penalty parameter. When carrying out the iterative optimization, the penalty coefficient is set to a larger value at the current iteration than at the previous iteration, which can promote the evolution rate of the iterative optimization. Simulation studies illustrate the potential ofthe approach presented for the optimizing control of the bioTdissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. The effects of measurement noise, measured and unmeasured disturbances on the proposed algorithm are also investigated.

Efficient and stable planar all-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on high-quality CsPbBr3 films with controllable morphology

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide(CsPbBr3)perovskite is attracting growing interest as functional materials in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices due to its superb stability.However,the fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr3 films still remains a big challenge by solution-process because of the low solubility of the cesium precursor in common solvents.Herein,we report a facile solution-processed approach to prepare high-quality CsPbBr3 perovskite films via a two-step spin-coating method,in which the Cs Br methanol/H2 O mixed solvent solution is spin-coated onto the lead bromide films,followed by an isopropanol-assisted post-treatment to regulate the crystallization process and to control the film morphology.In this fashion,dense and uniform CsPbBr3 films are obtained consisting of large crystalline domains with sizes up to microns and low defect density.The effectiveness of the resulting CsPbBr3 films is further examined in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)with a simplified planar architecture of fluorine–doped tin oxide/compact Ti O2/CsPbBr3/carbon,which deliver a maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.11%together with excellent thermal and humidity stability.The present work offers a simple and effective strategy in fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr3 films for efficient and stable PSCs as well as other optoelectronic devices.

Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings—an example from the reservoir of T_3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan Basin,China

The study of the chlorite coatings always attracts scholars in China and other countries because the chlorite coatings play an important role in the preservation of residual primary pores in sandstone reservoirs.At present,the study of the origin and the controlling factors is relatively few.The occurrence,time of formation,genesis,controlling factors,and the mechanism of chlorite coatings inhibiting quartz overgrowths were studied in detail with thin section and SEM analysis.Samples were from the sandstone reservoirs of the T3x Group in the Baojie area,the transitional zone from the middle to the south of Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the chlorite coatings on the walls of the pore spaces are oriented perpendicular to grain surfaces in the form of isopachous(even-thickness) grain-coating,while the chlorite coatings at the contacts between adjacent detrital grains are arranged with a preferred orientation tangential to the surface of detrital grains.The chlorite coatings were formed in the eogenetic stage.They were formed by recrystallization of Fe-rich clay films during the syndepositional period,and chlorite cements would be recrystallized after the coatings’ formation.The formation of chlorite coatings was mainly controlled by the depositional environment,provenance conditions,and diagenetic environment.The presence of chlorite coatings could result in the preservation of primary pores in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs by effectively inhibiting quartz overgrowths and the development of compaction and pressure solution.

Efficacy of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics intraocular lens implantation for surgical management of microspherophakia

AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics intraocular lens(IOL)implantation for surgical management of microspherophakia.METHODS:A retrospective case series include 10 microspherophakic patients(15 eyes)who underwent lens removal plus a modified surgical treatment of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics IOL implantation.The primary outcomes involved visual acuity,intraocular pressure(IOP).Secondary outcomes were spherical equivalent(SE),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal endothelial cell density and postoperative complications.RESULTS:After a postoperative follow-up of 17.60±15.44mo,improved visual outcomes can be observed.The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA)log MAR improved from 1.54±0.59 preoperatively to 0.51±0.35 postoperatively(P=0.001),and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)log MAR improved from 0.97±0.91 preoperatively to 0.24±0.23 postoperatively(P=0.003).Moreover,the SE decreased from-9.58±7.47D preoperatively to-0.65±2.21 D postoperatively(P<0.001).In terms of safety profile,the average IOP decreased from 21.10±12.94 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.03±3.57 mm Hg postoperatively(P=0.044),and the previously elevated IOP of three eyes decreased to the normal range.The ACD increased from 2.25±1.45 mm preoperatively to 3.35±0.39 mm postoperatively(P=0.017).The density of corneal endothelial cells did not change significantly after surgery(P=0.140).The posterior chamber IOLs were well centered and no severe complications were found.CONCLUSION:Lens removal plus the modified surgical treatment of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics IOL implantation can help in improvement of visual acuity,which can be regarded as a relative safe method for the surgical management of microspherophakia.

Morphology Control of SrCO_3 Crystals using Complexons as Modifiers in the Ethanol-water mixtures

Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.

3-D Locomotion control for a biomimetic robot fish

This paper concerns with 3-D locomotion control methods for a biomimetic robot fish. The system architecture of the fish is firstly presented based on a physical model of carangiform fish. The robot fish has a flexible body, a rigid caudal fin and a pair of pectoral fins, driven by several servomotors. The motion control of the robot fish are then divided into speed control, orientation control, submerge control and transient motion control, corresponding algorithms are detailed respectively. Finally, experiments and analyses on a 4-link, radio-controlled robot fish prototype with 3-D locomotion show its good performance.

Study on Diameter Controlled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by LaAl_(1-x)Fe_xO_3 Catalysts

A series of LaAl 1-xFe xO 3 catalysts prepared with lanthanum nitrate, aluminium nitrate and iron nitrate was investigated in catalytical syntheses of carbon nanotubes with high yields and purity. The properties of carbon nanotubes prepared by the method of CVD(chemical vapor deposition) with n-hexane as the carbon resource were studied and it was shown that the diameter of carbon nanotubes can be controlled by the molar ratio of iron to aluminum in the catalysts and that the diameter of carbon nanotubes changes a little with the decrease of the iron content in the catalysts. From the TEM pictures of carbon nanotubes, it can be found that the LaAl 1-xFe xO 3 catalysts have a significant influence on the wall thickness of the carbon nanotubes, whereas they have little influence on the inner diameter of the carbon nanotubes.

Control of reactive dividing wall column for selective hydrogenation and separation of C3 stream

In our previous work, the reactive dividing wall column(RDWC) was proposed and proved to be effective for selective hydrogenation and separation of C3 stream. In the present paper, the dynamics and control of the proposed RDWC are investigated. Four control structures including composition and temperature controls are proposed. The feed forward controllers are employed in the four control strategies to shorten the dynamic response time, reduce the maximum deviations and offer an immediate adjustment. The control structures are compared by applying them into the RDWC system with 20% disturbances in both the feed flow rate and the feed compositions, and the results are discussed.

深圳沙河水质净化厂及3#调蓄池工艺设计要点及特点

沙河水质净化厂设计规模为旱季10万m^(3)/d,雨季额外处理10万m^(3)/d初期雨水,3#调蓄池设计规模为15.3万m^(3)。污水及初期雨水处理采用预处理+多段厌氧-好氧(AO)+二沉池+磁混凝高效沉淀池+精密过滤+紫外消毒的工艺,出水水质执行深圳市地方标准《水质净化厂出水水质规范》(DB 4403/T 64—2020)B级标准,其中总氮(TN)≤8 mg/L。污泥处理采用离心浓缩+低温热干化工艺,处理后含水率≤40%。作为国内首个将水质净化厂与初期雨水调蓄池深度融合的全地下式水污染治理综合体,项目采用多段AO耦合“3W法”(Wet-Weather-Wastewater法),并以此为核心提出了一种实现大规模污水及初期雨水高标准协同处理的系统解决方案,且无需大幅度增加污水处理设施体量、投资和运行成本。