Grid-based computer-generated holograms synthesizing for holographic three-dimensional display

To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic display （ GHD ） scheme was designed. The grid computing technology was applied to numerically process the different angular projections of an object in distributed-parallel manner to create the corresponding CGHs. The whole treatment of a projection was regarded as a job executed on the grid node machine. The number of jobs which were submitted to grid nodes, therefore, was equal to that of the projections of the object. A Condor-based grid testbed was constructed to verify the feasibility of the GHD scheme, and a graphical user interface （GUI） program and several service modules were developed for it. A 3D terrain model as an example was processed on the testbed. The result showed that the scheme was feasible and able to improve the execution elficiency greatly.

Wide color gamut switchable autostereoscopic 3D display based on directional quantum-dot backlight

A switchable autostereoscopic 3-dimensional(3D) display device with wide color gamut is introduced in this paper. In conjunction with a novel directional quantum-dot(QD) backlight, the precise scanning control strategy, and the eye-tracking system, this spatial-sequential solution enables our autostereoscopic display to combine all the advantages of full resolution,wide color gamut, low crosstalk, and switchable 2D/3D. And also, we fabricated an autostereoscopic display prototype and demonstrated its performances effectively. The results indicate that our system can both break the limitation of viewing position and provide high-quality 3D images. We present two working modes in this system. In the spatial-sequential mode,the crosstalk is about 6%. In the time-multiplexed mode, the viewer should wear auxiliary and the crosstalk is about 1%,just next to that of a commercial 3D display(BENQ XL2707-B and View Sonic VX2268 WM). Additionally, our system is also completely compatible with active shutter glasses and its 3D resolution is same as its 2D resolution. Because of the excellent properties of the QD material, the color gamut can be widely extended to 77.98% according to the ITU-R recommendation BT.2020(Rec.2020).

Swept-Volume Display System Based on Cylindrical Space Projection and Curved Reflectors

In order to achieve a clear and steady swept-volume display,the method of swept-volume display based on cylindrical space projection was presented. One projector generated the image volume in π× 70 mm × 70 mm × 150 mm space. Experimentally,the resolution of images was 800 pixel × 600 pixel × 360 pixel,which resulted in almost 345 million voxels. In order to achieve space voxels with uniform brightness, curved reflectors were also designed. In addition,the match conditions between triangles and the scanning planes in the volume space were classified and a sweptvolume graphics engine based on embedded platform was designed.The image rendering the hardware foundation for three-dimensional( 3D) dynamic images generation was achieved. Demonstrated in the experiments,light source utilization of the second-generation system based on curved mirror is about three times brighter than the firstgeneration 3D minitor based on flat mirror,and this system is able to display color,clear and well-proportioned 3D images in brighter room light.

Latest development of display technologies

In this review we will focus on recent progress in the field of two-dimensional（2D） and three-dimensional（3D）display technologies.We present the current display materials and their applications,including organic light-emitting diodes（OLEDs）,flexible OLEDs quantum dot light emitting diodes（QLEDs）,active-matrix organic light emitting diodes（AMOLEDs）,electronic paper（E-paper）,curved displays,stereoscopic 3D displays,volumetric 3D displays,light field3 D displays,and holographic 3D displays.Conventional 2D display devices,such as liquid crystal devices（LCDs） often result in ambiguity in high-dimensional data images because of lacking true depth information.This review thus provides a detailed description of 3D display technologies.

Cross-talk-free integral imaging three-dimensional display based on a pyramid pinhole array

We propose a cross-talk-free integral imaging 3D display based on a pyramid pinhole array. The pyramid pinhole array is used to provide a point light source array. Since the generated point light source array is behind a transmission-type display panel that displays an elemental image array, the pseudoscopic problem can be resolved. By setting the appropriate parameters for the pyramid pinhole array, the cross talk can be eliminated.We experimentally verify the reconstruction of the orthoscopic and cross-talk-free 3D images using the proposed 3D display.

Three-dimensional display technologies in wave and ray optics: a review(Invited Paper)

Multiple three-dimensional （3D） display technologies are reviewed. The display mechanisms discussed in this paper are classified into two categories： holographic display in wave optics and light field display in ray optics, which present the 3D optical wave field in two different ways. Key technical characteristics of the optical systems and the depth cues of human visual system are analyzed. It is to be expected that these 3D display technologies will achieve practical applications with the increase of the optical system bandwidth.

Multifocal displays:review and prospect

Conventional stereoscopic three-dimensional displays suffer from vergenceaccommodation conflict because the stimulus to accommodation is fixed by the display panel and viewing optics,but that to vergence changes with image contents.With the recent rapid development of head-mounted displays,several methods have been proposed to offer the accommodation cues,among which multifocal display technology is an effective and practical solution.The first two decades of this century has witnessed the fast growth of multifocal displays from basic concept to mature implementations.This review systematically presents the state-of-the-art multifocal display design and development.Firstly,a comprehensive classification of numerous potential optical architectures to provide the multiplanar functionality is introduced,based on how the information is multiplexed and how the focal planes are generated.Next,the strengths and obstacles of reported or potential designs in each category are analyzed and compared with each other.In addition to enabling optics,the image rendering approaches for the multifocal planes are also described.This review presents a sufficient collection of past designs and is expected to offer a roadmap for future research and development of multifocal displays.

Evolution of stereoscopic imaging in surgery and recent advances

In the late 1980s the first laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed prompting a sudden rise in technological innovations as the benefits and feasibility of minimal access surgery became recognised.Monocular laparoscopes provided only two-dimensional(2D) viewing with reduced depth perception and contributed to an extended learning curve.Attention turned to producing a usable three-dimensional(3D) endoscopic view for surgeons;utilising different technologies for image capture and image projection.These evolving visual systems have been assessed in various research environments with conflicting outcomes of success and usability,and no overall consensus to their benefit.This review article aims to provide an explanation of the different types of technologies,summarise the published literature evaluating 3D vs 2D laparoscopy,to explain the conflicting outcomes,and discuss the current consensus view.

Three-color upconversion luminescence of rare earth codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses

The red, green, and blue upconversion properties of Er^3＋/Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋-codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses were studied under 980 nm LD excitation. The intense red （657 nm）, green （530 and 545 nm）, and blue （476 nm） emissions were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The results showed that the mixed halide modified tellurite glass （TZFCB） had strong upconversion emissions. The effect of halide on upconversion intensity was observed and discussed, and possible upconversion mechanisms were evaluated. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Er^3＋/Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋-codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses might be a potentially useful material for developing three-dimensional displays applications.

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb^(3+)-doped CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.

Technical analysis of 3DTV and outstanding issues

This paper analyzes the technical characteristic of three-dimensional display technology （3DTV） system and some core technologies yet to be solved. It points out the ways to solve these problems and presents an effective solution for thediscomfort of watching the three-dimensional TV.

Effect of visual attention guidance by camera work in visualization using dome display

Dome display is expected to be used as effective visualization environment for modeling and simulation due to the features of frameless and high immersive sensation.However,since the users in the dome display can see the projected image in arbitrary direction freely,it is difficult to share information among the viewers.In this research,in order to solve such a problem,the effect of visual attention guidance in the dome environment due to the effect of camera work was examined.As a visualization system,DomePlayer that can express the effect of camera work based on the camera work description language was developed.From the result of evaluation experiments using this system,the constraint condition of the camera work in the dome environment was derived and the effect of visual attention guidance by the camera work was evaluated.

The study of two-color excitation upconversion of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN

The excited state absorption upconversion of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN glass material, under two-color excitation of the 960 nm semiconductor laser and the Xe lamp light simultaneously, is reported in this article. It was found that the upconversion emission spectra of 480.1, 519.0, 601.9 and 631.8 nm coincide with the common emission spectra. Meanwhile, the upconversion-excitation spectrum has three obvious peaks under two-color excitation, and they respectively correspond to the 856.0 nm upconversion ex-citation transition [1G4(Pr3+)→1I6(Pr3+) and 1G4(Pr3+)→3P1(Pr3+)], the 789.0 nm upconver-sion excitation transition 1G4(Pr3+)→3P2(Pr3+), and the 803.7 nm upconversion excitation transition 3H6(Pr3+)→1D2(Pr3+). The upconversion excitation transition 1G4(Pr3+)→1I6(Pr3+) is strong because its oscillator strength f = 23.040×10?6 is large, which results in a large peak appearing in the upconversion excitation spectrum. That is just the new interesting two-color excitation upconversion luminescence phenomenon of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN induced by one laser and one continuous normal light simultaneously.