An explicit method for numerical simulation of wave equations: 3D wave motion

In this paper, an explicit method is generalized from 1D and 2D models to a 3D model for numerical simulation of wave motion, and the corresponding recursion formulas are developed for 3D irregular grids. For uniform cubic grids, the approach used to establish stable formulas with 2M-order accuracy is discussed in detail, with M being a positive integer, and is illustrated by establishing second order （M=1） recursion formulas. The theoretical results presented in this paper are demonstrated through numerical testing.

Numerical Simulation of 2D and 3D Sloshing Waves in a Regularly and Randomly Excited Container

In this paper,various aspects of the 2D and 3D nonlinear liquid sloshing problems in vertically excited containers have been studied numerically along with the help of a modified-transformation.Based on this new numerical algorithm,a numerical study on a regularly and randomly excited container in vertical direction was conducted utilizing four different cases： The first case was performed utilizing a 2D container with regular excitations.The next case examined a regularly excited 3D container with two different initial conditions for the liquid free surface,and finally,3D container with random excitation in the vertical direction.A grid independence study was performed along with a series of validation tests.An iteration error estimation method was used to stop the iterative solver（used for solving the discretized governing equations in the computational domain） upon reaching steady state of results at each time step.In the present case,this method was found to produce quite accurate results and to be more time efficient as compared to other conventional stopping procedures for iterative solvers.The results were validated with benchmark results.The wave elevation time history,phase plane diagram and surface plots represent the wave nonlinearity during its motion.

Numerical Simulation of Injection Molding Cooling Process Based on 3D Surface Model

The design of the cooling system of injection molds directly affects both productivity and the quality of the final part. Using the cooling process CAE system to instruct the mold design, the efficiency and quality of design can be improved greatly. At the same time, it is helpful to confirm the cooling system structure and optimize the process conditions. In this paper, the 3D surface model of mold cavity is used to replace the middle-plane model in the simulation by Boundary Element Method, which break the bottleneck of the application of the injection molding simulation softwares base on the middle-plane model. With the improvements of this paper, a practical and commercial simulation software of injection molding cooling process named as HsCAE3D6.0 is developed.

Study of 3-D Numerical Simulation for Gas Transfer in the Goaf of the Coal Mining

In order to simulate field distribution rules,mathematical models for 3-D air flows and gas transfer in the goaf of the coal mining are established,based on theories of permeability and dynamic dispersion through porous media. A gas dispersion equation in a 3-D field is calculated by use of numerical method on a weighted upstream multi-element balance. Based on data of an example with a U type ventilation mode,surface charts of air pressure distribution and gas concentration are drawn by Graphtool software. Finally,a comparison between actually measured results in the model test and the numerical simulation results is made to proves the numerical implementation feasible.

3D Finite Element Simulation of Tunnel Boring Machine Construction Processes in Deep Water Conveyance Tunnel

Applying stiffness migration method,a 3D finite element mechanical model is established to simulate the excavation and advance processes.By using 3D nonlinear finite element method,the tunnel boring machine(TBM) excavation process is dynamically simulated to analyze the stress and strain field status of surrounding rock and segment.The maximum tensile stress of segment ring caused by tunnel construction mainly lies in arch bottom and presents zonal distribution.The stress increases slightly and limitedly in the course of excavation.The maximum and minimum displacements of segment,manifesting as zonal distribution,distribute in arch bottom and vault respectively.The displacements slightly increase with the advance of TBM and gradually tend to stability.

Analysis of Tidal Current Energy Potential in the Major Channels of the Bohai Strait Based on Delft3D

The utilization and development of tidal current energy can help alleviate the current energy shortage,improve the global ecological environment,and maintain sustainable development.In this study,numerical simulation is carried out on a rectangular grid using Delft3D.The tidal current energy potential of the major channels in the Bohai Strait is further simulated and estimated by comparing the simulated and measured data.Results show that the flow module in Delft3D has good modeling ability for the assessment of tidal current energy potential.The average flow velocity,maximum flow velocity,and energy flow density are consistent.The Laotieshan Channel,located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait,shows a large tidal current energy potential.The maximum flow velocity of this channel can reach 2 m s-1,and the maximum energy flow density can exceed 500 W m-2.The tidal current energy in the Laotieshan Channel is more than 10 times that in other channels.Therefore,this study advocates for the continued exploration and exploitation of the tidal current energy resources in the Laotieshan Channel.

3D simulation of image-defined complex internal features using the numerical manifold method

The numerical simulation of internal features,such as inclusions and voids,is important to analyze their impact on the performance of composite materials.However,the complex geometries of internal features and the induced continuous-discontinuous(C-D)deformation fields are challenges to their numerical simulation.In this study,a 3D approach using a simple mesh to simulate irregular internal geometries is developed for the first time.With the help of a developed voxel crack model,image models that are efficient when recording complex geometries are directly imported into the simulation.Surface reconstructions,which are usually labor-intensive,are excluded from this approach.Moreover,using image models as the geometric input,image processing techniques are applied to detect material interfaces and develop contact pairs.Then,the C-D deformations of the complex internal features are directly calculated based on the numerical manifold method.The accuracy and convergence of the developed3D approach are examined based on multiple benchmarks.Successful 3D C-D simulation of sandstones with naturally formed complex microfeatures demonstrates the capability of the developed approach.

Analysis of Three-dimensional Crack Propagation by Using Displacement Discontinuity Method

A technique for modelling of three-dimensional(3D)quasi-statically propagating cracks in elastic bodies by the displacement discontinuity method(DDM)was described.When the crack is closed,the Mohr-coulomb rule on the two contacted surfaces of the crack must be satisfied.A simple iterative method was adopted in order to consider three different states of cracks.Under the assumption that the advance of the point on the crack front would occur only in the normal plane which is through this edge point,the maximum energy release rate criterion is modified to be used as the criterion for the crack growth.With discretization,the process of crack propagation can be seen as the advance of the vertices of the crack front.The program MCP3D was developed based on these theories to simulate the 3D quasi-static crack propagation.A numerical example of a penny-shaped crack subject to tension and compression in an infinite elastic media was analyzed with MCP3D,and the results in comparison with others' show that the present method for 3D crack propagation is effective.

Prediction of Weld Joint Shape and Dimensions in Laser Welding Using a 3D Modeling and Experimental Validation

This paper presents an experimentally validated weld joint shape and dimensions predictive 3D modeling for low carbon galvanized steel in butt-joint configurations. The proposed modelling approach is based on metallurgical transformations using temperature dependent material properties and the enthalpy method. Conduction and keyhole modes welding are investigated using surface and volumetric heat sources, respectively. Transition between the heat sources is carried out according to the power density and interaction time. Simulations are carried out using 3D finite element model on commercial software. The simulation results of the weld shape and dimensions are validated using a structured experimental investigation based on Taguchi method. Experimental validation conducted on a 3 kW Nd: YAG laser source reveals that the modelling approach can provide not only a consistent and accurate prediction of the weld characteristics under variable welding parameters and conditions but also a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of process parameters effects. The results show great concordance between predicted and measured values for the weld joint shape and dimensions.

用正演数值计算方法开展双侧向测井对裂缝的响应研究

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对裂缝的双侧向测井视电阻率与裂缝孔隙度、泥浆电阻率、裂缝倾角和基岩电阻率的关系进行了计算 .在大量正演数据的基础上得出双侧向测井响应反演公式和裂缝孔隙度计算公式 ,提出更为精细的裂缝倾角的弹性划分模型 ,用双侧向视电阻率值近似估算裂缝倾角的方法 ,提高了利用双侧向测井求裂缝产状与裂缝孔隙度 (裂缝宽度 )的精度 .

基于二维高密度电阻率勘探数据的三维反演及应用

针对目前高密度电阻率法所采用的数据处理方法主要是把地质结构体视为二度体进行二维处理,从而二维数据资料处理结果只是一种近似解释,其计算精度与反演效果达不到精确反演的要求,设计一种典型的地质体模型,利用有限单元法进行正演计算,对含有高斯随机误差的各测线二维正演数据分别进行高密度电阻率法二维、三维反演,对比二维和三维的反演结果。最后在广东某场地采用高密度电阻率法对岩层划分,利用二维勘探的数据进行二、三维反演。研究结果表明:三维反演受高斯随机误差的影响更小,反演结果与实际地质模型更接近;三维反演在岩层划分中更能凸显岩层分界面区域,岩层的空间分布及岩层、覆盖层的整体连续性能更真实地体现,与钻探结果吻合程度更好。

气吸振动式排种器种盘内种群运动的离散元分析

根据离散元法的基本思想,采用线性弹簧-阻尼-滑动接触力学模型,编写Matlab模拟程序,分析了气吸振动式精密排种器振动种盘内种群的三维运动规律。为了描述籽粒离散分布程度,给出了体积膨胀系数的计算公式。结果表明,种盘作小幅高频振动,种群可以产生向上抛掷运动而有效分离;膨胀系数随着振动强度的增加而增大,随种层厚度的增加而减小。分析了摩擦因数和碰撞恢复系数对不同层厚种子膨胀系数的影响。在初始层厚参数hs≈3.8、振动强度kv=5.65时,种子具有理想的运动状态,通过性能试验得到排种器的吸种率达98%。

旋转风力机的水滴撞击特性与雾凇模拟

寒冷地区的风力机叶片覆冰造成机组停机、安全事故等问题,一直困扰着风电行业的发展。针对三维风力机运行中遇到的过冷却水滴撞击问题,采用拉格朗日法数值模拟了不同环境条件和运行工况下的水滴撞击特性,并在人工气候室内对小型水平轴风力机进行了覆冰试验。数值计算结果表明:水滴碰撞区域主要集中在叶片前缘,沿叶展方向碰撞系数以及碰撞极限均增大;碰撞系数和碰撞区域随着水滴中值直径的增大而增大;风机转速下降或风速上升都会造成水滴的撞击区域整体向压力面移动。数值计算模拟的雾凇冰形与人工覆冰试验结果有较好的一致性。

大型水电工程导流洞封堵体稳定性分析

水电工程导流洞封堵体稳定性对于电站蓄水发电和安全运行至关重要。研究总结对比了国内外导流洞封堵体稳定性设计和计算方法;在此基础上,采用三维弹塑性数值分析方法对构皮滩水电站封堵体在设计水位下各种工况的应力、变形和稳定性进行了计算分析;进而引入超载方法,研究堵头及堵头与围岩接触面从局部到整体破坏的渐进失稳过程,对其稳定性进行分析和综合评价。研究结果表明：设计挡水水位条件下,各种工况堵头结构变形不大,最大变形在1.1~1.4 mm;接触面剪切应变较小,接触面塑性区延伸范围和破坏比例不大;超载法计算表明,堵头结构可承受的安全荷载在3.5~5.5倍设计水头,大于规范要求的安全系数,堵头结构的设计长度和结构形式在安全稳定方面可以满足规范要求;采用超载安全系数法研究类似导流洞封堵体结构的极限承载能力更加合理有效。

多股多层水平淹没射流数值模拟研究

多股多层水平淹没射流是一种新型消能型式。本文采用VOF(VolumeofFluid)法和RNGk-ε紊流模型结合向家坝水电工程对多股多层水平淹没射流进行了三维数值模拟,将计算值与实验值进行了对比,计算值与实测值吻合较好,表明数值模拟方法是研究消力池水流运动规律及消能机理的有效途径。文中分析讨论了多股多层射流进入消力池后的水流结构与消能机理,研究结果表明:多股、多层射流进入消能水体时,在各主流的四周有一个消能旋滚,形成多个强剪切层消能区,消能率较高,但在平面上没有形成明显的、贯穿的立轴旋涡。同时,由于各漩滚的相互作用,能有效减小对消力池固壁的冲刷。

斜坡上异重流的三维数值模拟

针对异重流的流动特征,建立了适用于具有各向异性浮力紊动特征的三维异重流运动的数学模型,并模拟了异重流在15°斜坡底面上的潜行过程。计算结果准确地模拟了异重流的运动特征和形态,其前锋的潜行速度与实验结果相当吻合。该模型采用非结构同位网格上的SIMPLEC算法能适应复杂边界和地形,可应用于自然界实际环境中异重流的演进计算。

区间盾构隧道联络道施工对隧道结构和周围地层安全性影响的研究

在建成的区间盾构隧道基础上,采用矿山法构筑联络通道是地铁工程施工的难点。由于盾构隧道联络通道的施工需要拆除区间隧道的部分管片,极易导致盾构管片发生过大的变形,使得隧道结构受损。笔者采用3DFLAC数值分析软件对区间盾构隧道之间的联络道施工进行了三维弹塑性仿真分析,分析了联络道施工对盾构隧道变形、盾构管片受力及联络通道地表沉降的影响,数值模拟得出的结论为制定施工辅助安全措施提供了依据。

水平井各向异性地层双侧向测井响应数值模拟

利用三维有限元法对水平井中各向异性地层的双侧向测井响应进行了数值模拟,分别分析了地层各向异性系数、围岩层厚、泥浆侵入对各向异性地层双侧向测井响应的影响。结果表明:水平井中各向异性地层双侧向测井响应主要受到岩层垂向电阻率影响;目的层高阻时各向异性地层受围岩层厚影响大,目的层低阻时各向同性地层受围岩层厚影响大;与各向同性地层相比,泥浆侵入对各向异性地层双侧向测井响应影响更加明显和复杂。

东坪金矿采空区开挖过程的三维有限元数值模拟

结合东坪金矿南山采区1号空区的工程实际,采用Plaxis 3D Tunnel对其建立三维数值模型,并对其不同开挖顺序的开挖过程进行数值模拟。通过对开采过程中的地压活动规律和围岩稳定性进行分析,论证了地下采空区开挖方案的可行性,揭示了采空区不同开挖阶段应力的集中部位和围岩的潜在破坏部位。计算表明该空区由上向下开挖顺序较为有利,其开挖过程总体可以保持稳定,但也存在不安全隐患。计算结果对该矿山的安全生产具有指导意义。

多尺度有限单元法求解非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题

应用多尺度有限单元法模拟非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题。与传统有限单元法相比 ,多尺度有限单元法的基函数具有能反映单元内参数变化的优点 ,所以这种方法能在大尺度上抓住解的小尺度特征获得较精确的解。在介绍多尺度有限单元法求解非均质多孔介质中三维地下水流问题的基本原理之后 ,对参数水平方向渐变垂直方向突变的非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流和Borden实验场的三维地下水流分别用多尺度有限单元法和传统等参有限单元法进行了计算 ,结果表明在模拟高度非均质多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题时 ,多尺度有限单元法比传统有限单元法有效 ,既节省计算量又有较高的精度 ;在模拟非均质性弱的多孔介质中的三维地下水流问题时 ,多尺度有限单元法虽然也能在大尺度上获得较为精确的解 ,但效果不明显。