The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology...The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.展开更多
3D ground-penetrating radar has been widely used in urban road underground disease detection due to its nondestructive,efficient,and intuitive results.However,the 3D imaging of the underground target body presents the...3D ground-penetrating radar has been widely used in urban road underground disease detection due to its nondestructive,efficient,and intuitive results.However,the 3D imaging of the underground target body presents the edge plate phenomenon due to the space between the 3D radar array antennas.Consequently,direct 3D imaging using detection results cannot reflect underground spatial distribution characteristics.Due to the wide-beam polarization of the ground-penetrating radar antenna,the emission of electromagnetic waves with a specific width decreases the strong middle energy on both sides gradually.Therefore,a bicubic high-precision 3D target body slice-imaging fitting algorithm with changing trend characteristics is constructed by combining the subsurface target characteristics with the changing spatial morphology trends.Using the wide-angle polarization antenna’s characteristics in the algorithm to build the trend factor between the measurement lines,the target body change trend and the edge detail portrayal achieve a 3D ground-penetrating radar-detection target high-precision fitting.Compared with other traditional fitting techniques,the fitting error is small.This paper conducts experiments and analyses on GpaMax 3D forward modeling and 3D ground-penetrating measured radar data.The experiments show that the improved bicubic fitting algorithm can eff ectively improve the accuracy of underground target slice imaging and the 3D ground-penetrating radar’s anomaly interpretation.展开更多
针对自动驾驶路面上目标漏检和错检的问题,提出一种基于改进Centerfusion的自动驾驶3D目标检测模型。该模型通过将相机信息和雷达特征融合,构成多通道特征数据输入,从而增强目标检测网络的鲁棒性,减少漏检问题;为了能够得到更加准确丰富...针对自动驾驶路面上目标漏检和错检的问题,提出一种基于改进Centerfusion的自动驾驶3D目标检测模型。该模型通过将相机信息和雷达特征融合,构成多通道特征数据输入,从而增强目标检测网络的鲁棒性,减少漏检问题;为了能够得到更加准确丰富的3D目标检测信息,引入了改进的注意力机制,用于增强视锥网格中的雷达点云和视觉信息融合;使用改进的损失函数优化边框预测的准确度。在Nuscenes数据集上进行模型验证和对比,实验结果表明,相较于传统的Centerfusion模型,提出的模型平均检测精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)提高了1.3%,Nuscenes检测分数(Nuscenes Detection Scores,NDS)提高了1.2%。展开更多
在自动驾驶场景下的3D目标检测任务中,探索毫米波雷达数据作为RGB图像输入的补充正成为多模态融合的新兴趋势。然而,现有的毫米波雷达-相机融合方法高度依赖于相机的一阶段检测结果,导致整体性能不够理想。本文提供了一种不依赖于相机...在自动驾驶场景下的3D目标检测任务中,探索毫米波雷达数据作为RGB图像输入的补充正成为多模态融合的新兴趋势。然而,现有的毫米波雷达-相机融合方法高度依赖于相机的一阶段检测结果,导致整体性能不够理想。本文提供了一种不依赖于相机检测结果的鸟瞰图下双向融合方法(BEV-radar)。对于来自不同域的两个模态的特征,BEV-radar设计了一个双向的基于注意力的融合策略。具体地,以基于BEV的3D目标检测方法为基础,我们的方法使用双向转换器嵌入来自两种模态的信息,并根据后续的卷积块强制执行局部空间关系。嵌入特征后,BEV特征在3D对象预测头中解码。我们在nu Scenes数据集上评估了我们的方法,实现了48.2 m AP和57.6 NDS。结果显示,与仅使用相机的基础模型相比,不仅在精度上有所提升,特别地,速度预测误差项有了相当大的改进。代码开源于https://github.com/Etah0409/BEV-Radar。展开更多
A 3D motion and geometric information system of single-antenna radar is proposed,which can be supported by spotlight synthetic aperture radar(SAR) system and inverse SAR(ISAR) system involving relative 3D motion o...A 3D motion and geometric information system of single-antenna radar is proposed,which can be supported by spotlight synthetic aperture radar(SAR) system and inverse SAR(ISAR) system involving relative 3D motion of the rigid target.In this system,applying the geometry invariance of the rigid target,the unknown 3D shape and motion of the radar target can be reconstructed from the 1D range data of some scatterers extracted from the high-resolution range image.Compared with the current 1D-to-3D algorithm,in the proposed algorithm,the requirement of the 1D range data is expanded to incomplete formation involving large angular motion of the target and hence,the quantity of the scatterers and the abundance of 3D motion are enriched.Furthermore,with the three selected affine coordinates fixed,the multi-solution problem of the reconstruction is solved and the technique of nonlinear optimization can be successfully utilized in the system.Two simulations are implemented which verify the higher robustness of the system and the better performance of the 3D reconstruction for the radar target with unknown relative motion.展开更多
3D image reconstruction for weather radar data can not only help the weatherman to improve the forecast efficiency and accuracy, but also help people to understand the weather conditions easily and quickly. Marching C...3D image reconstruction for weather radar data can not only help the weatherman to improve the forecast efficiency and accuracy, but also help people to understand the weather conditions easily and quickly. Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm in the surface rendering has more excellent applicability in 3D reconstruction for the slice images;it may shorten the time to find and calculate the isosurface from raw volume data, reflect the shape structure more accurately. In this paper, we discuss a method to reconstruct the 3D weather cloud image by using the proposed Cube Weighting Interpolation (CWI) and MC algorithm. Firstly, we detail the steps of CWI, apply it to project the raw radar data into the cubes and obtain the equally spaced cloud slice images, then employ MC algorithm to draw the isosurface. Some experiments show that our method has a good effect and simple operation, which may provide an intuitive and effective reference for realizing the 3D surface reconstruction and meteorological image stereo visualization.展开更多
The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three...The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.展开更多
基金supported by the Stable-Support Scientific Project of the China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation(Grant No.A13XXXXWXX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174210,4207202,and 42188101)the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15014800)。
文摘The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC3090304)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing (8000150A073).
文摘3D ground-penetrating radar has been widely used in urban road underground disease detection due to its nondestructive,efficient,and intuitive results.However,the 3D imaging of the underground target body presents the edge plate phenomenon due to the space between the 3D radar array antennas.Consequently,direct 3D imaging using detection results cannot reflect underground spatial distribution characteristics.Due to the wide-beam polarization of the ground-penetrating radar antenna,the emission of electromagnetic waves with a specific width decreases the strong middle energy on both sides gradually.Therefore,a bicubic high-precision 3D target body slice-imaging fitting algorithm with changing trend characteristics is constructed by combining the subsurface target characteristics with the changing spatial morphology trends.Using the wide-angle polarization antenna’s characteristics in the algorithm to build the trend factor between the measurement lines,the target body change trend and the edge detail portrayal achieve a 3D ground-penetrating radar-detection target high-precision fitting.Compared with other traditional fitting techniques,the fitting error is small.This paper conducts experiments and analyses on GpaMax 3D forward modeling and 3D ground-penetrating measured radar data.The experiments show that the improved bicubic fitting algorithm can eff ectively improve the accuracy of underground target slice imaging and the 3D ground-penetrating radar’s anomaly interpretation.
文摘针对自动驾驶路面上目标漏检和错检的问题,提出一种基于改进Centerfusion的自动驾驶3D目标检测模型。该模型通过将相机信息和雷达特征融合,构成多通道特征数据输入,从而增强目标检测网络的鲁棒性,减少漏检问题;为了能够得到更加准确丰富的3D目标检测信息,引入了改进的注意力机制,用于增强视锥网格中的雷达点云和视觉信息融合;使用改进的损失函数优化边框预测的准确度。在Nuscenes数据集上进行模型验证和对比,实验结果表明,相较于传统的Centerfusion模型,提出的模型平均检测精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)提高了1.3%,Nuscenes检测分数(Nuscenes Detection Scores,NDS)提高了1.2%。
文摘在自动驾驶场景下的3D目标检测任务中,探索毫米波雷达数据作为RGB图像输入的补充正成为多模态融合的新兴趋势。然而,现有的毫米波雷达-相机融合方法高度依赖于相机的一阶段检测结果,导致整体性能不够理想。本文提供了一种不依赖于相机检测结果的鸟瞰图下双向融合方法(BEV-radar)。对于来自不同域的两个模态的特征,BEV-radar设计了一个双向的基于注意力的融合策略。具体地,以基于BEV的3D目标检测方法为基础,我们的方法使用双向转换器嵌入来自两种模态的信息,并根据后续的卷积块强制执行局部空间关系。嵌入特征后,BEV特征在3D对象预测头中解码。我们在nu Scenes数据集上评估了我们的方法,实现了48.2 m AP和57.6 NDS。结果显示,与仅使用相机的基础模型相比,不仅在精度上有所提升,特别地,速度预测误差项有了相当大的改进。代码开源于https://github.com/Etah0409/BEV-Radar。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60572093)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20050004016)the Outstanding Doctoral Science Innovation Foundation of Beijing Jiaotong University (141095522)
文摘A 3D motion and geometric information system of single-antenna radar is proposed,which can be supported by spotlight synthetic aperture radar(SAR) system and inverse SAR(ISAR) system involving relative 3D motion of the rigid target.In this system,applying the geometry invariance of the rigid target,the unknown 3D shape and motion of the radar target can be reconstructed from the 1D range data of some scatterers extracted from the high-resolution range image.Compared with the current 1D-to-3D algorithm,in the proposed algorithm,the requirement of the 1D range data is expanded to incomplete formation involving large angular motion of the target and hence,the quantity of the scatterers and the abundance of 3D motion are enriched.Furthermore,with the three selected affine coordinates fixed,the multi-solution problem of the reconstruction is solved and the technique of nonlinear optimization can be successfully utilized in the system.Two simulations are implemented which verify the higher robustness of the system and the better performance of the 3D reconstruction for the radar target with unknown relative motion.
文摘3D image reconstruction for weather radar data can not only help the weatherman to improve the forecast efficiency and accuracy, but also help people to understand the weather conditions easily and quickly. Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm in the surface rendering has more excellent applicability in 3D reconstruction for the slice images;it may shorten the time to find and calculate the isosurface from raw volume data, reflect the shape structure more accurately. In this paper, we discuss a method to reconstruct the 3D weather cloud image by using the proposed Cube Weighting Interpolation (CWI) and MC algorithm. Firstly, we detail the steps of CWI, apply it to project the raw radar data into the cubes and obtain the equally spaced cloud slice images, then employ MC algorithm to draw the isosurface. Some experiments show that our method has a good effect and simple operation, which may provide an intuitive and effective reference for realizing the 3D surface reconstruction and meteorological image stereo visualization.
文摘The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.