Efficient single-pixel imaging encrypted transmission based on 3D Arnold transformation

Single-pixel imaging(SPI)can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals,which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission.However,during data communication these light signals in public channels will easily draw the attention of eavesdroppers.Here,we introduce an efficient encryption method for SPI data transmission that uses the 3D Arnold transformation to directly disrupt 1D single-pixel light signals and utilizes the elliptic curve encryption algorithm for key transmission.This encryption scheme immediately employs Hadamard patterns to illuminate the scene and then utilizes the 3D Arnold transformation to permutate the 1D light signal of single-pixel detection.Then the transformation parameters serve as the secret key,while the security of key exchange is guaranteed by an elliptic curve-based key exchange mechanism.Compared with existing encryption schemes,both computer simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed technique not only enhances the security of encryption but also eliminates the need for complicated pattern scrambling rules.Additionally,this approach solves the problem of secure key transmission,thus ensuring the security of information and the quality of the decrypted images.

Geant4 simulation of fast-electron bremsstrahlung imaging at the HL-3 tokamak

To further research on high-parameter plasma,we plan to develop a two-dimensional hard X-ray(HXR)imaging system at the HL-3 tokamak to measure HXRs with energies ranging from 20 to 300 keV.The application of an array-structured detector ensures that this system can measure HXR-radiation spectra from the entire plasma cross section.Therefore,it is suitable for the study of fast-electron physics,such as radio-frequency wave current drives,fast electrons driving instabilities,and plasma disruptions in fusion research.In this study,we develop a simulation for calculating fast-electron bremsstrahlung in the HL-3 tokamak based on the Monte Carlo simulation code Geant4,in which the plasma geometry and forward scattering of fast-electron bremsstrahlung are considered.The preliminary calculation results indicate that the HXR energy deposi-tion on the detector is symmetrically distributed,even though the plasma distribution is asymmetric owing to the toroidal effect.These simulation results are helpful in constructing the relationship between the energy deposition on the detector and parameter distribution on the plasma cross section during HL-3 experiments.This is beneficial for the reconstruction of the fast-electron-distribution function and for optimizing the design of the HXR-imaging system.

MACS-W:A modified optical clearing agent for imaging 3D cell cultures

Three-dimensional(3D)cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models.The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness.While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D,they often have limitations,such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures,requiring complex handling protocols,or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion.To address this issue,we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures,called MACS-W,which is simple,highly efficient,and morphology-preserving.In our evaluation of MACS-W,we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10 min,with minimal deformation,and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids.In summary,MACS-W is a fast,minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.

Magnetic resonance imaging combined with serum endolipin and galactagoglobin-3 to diagnose cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3(Gal-3)can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.AIM To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus,including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups.Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins,and Gal-3,and cranial MRI was performed at admission.Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters.RESULTS Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05).The arterial wall area,vessel area,normalized wall index,and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group,while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher(36.36%,P<0.05).The percentage of large(29.03%)and multiple infarcts(33.87%)in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher(13.64% and 20.45%),and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower(37.10%vs 65.91%)(P<0.05).The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher(69.32%),while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06%higher(26.14%)(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques.MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve,the Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend,and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe.MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci.This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.

Non-invasively differentiate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by visualizing hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression with a targeted molecular imaging modality

BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an inflammatory subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),are currently unavailable.AIM To develop an integrin αvβ3-targeted molecular imaging modality to differentiate NASH.METHODS Integrinαvβ3 expression was assessed in Human LO2 hepatocytes Scultured with palmitic and oleic acids(FFA).Hepatic integrinαvβ3 expression was analyzed in rabbits fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and in rats fed a high-fat,high-carbohydrate diet(HFCD).After synthesis,cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide(cRGD)was labeled with gadolinium(Gd)and used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)performed on mice fed with HFCD.RESULTS Integrin αvβ3 was markedly expressed on FFA-cultured hepatocytes,unlike the control hepatocytes.Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression significantly increased in both HFD-fed rabbits and HFCD-fed rats as simple fatty liver(FL)progressed to steatohepatitis.The distribution of integrinαvβ3 in the liver of NASH cases largely overlapped with albumin-positive staining areas.In comparison to mice with simple FL,the relative liver MRI-T1 signal value at 60 minutes post-injection of Gd-labeled cRGD was significantly increased in mice with steatohepatitis(P<0.05),showing a positive correlation with the NAFLD activity score(r=0.945;P<0.01).Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression was significantly upregulated during NASH development,with hepatocytes being the primary cells expressing integrin αvβ3.CONCLUSION After using Gd-labeled cRGD as a tracer,NASH was successfully distinguished by visualizing hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression with MRI.

The Application Value of Ultrasound Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Nodules of BI-RADS 3 and Above

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for breast nodules of breast imaging-reporting and data system(BI-RADS)category 3 and above.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2022,163 patients with breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above were selected as the research subjects.After pathological diagnosis,24 cases were malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,while 139 cases were benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above.The diagnosis rate of malignant and benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,including 95%CI,was observed and analyzed.Results:The malignant and benign detection rates of conventional ultrasound were 88.63%and 75.00%,respectively,and the malignant and benign detection rates of ultrasound imaging were 93.18%and 87.50%,respectively,with 95%CIs greater than 0.7.Conclusion:Ultrasound imaging can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 and above and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Multimodal Imaging with 3D-Holograms for Preoperative Planning in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery:A Unique Case Report

Multimodal imaging,including augmented or mixed reality,transforms the physicians’interaction with clinical imaging,allowing more accurate data interpretation,better spatial resolution,and depth perception of the patient’s anatomy.We successfully overlay 3D holographic visualization to magnetic resonance imaging images for preoperative decision making of a complex case of cardiac tumour in a 7-year-old girl.

Image Non-Uniformity Correction in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison among Different Software Versions

Background: Non-uniformity in signal intensity occurs commonly in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which may pose substantial problems when using a 3T scanner. Therefore, image non-uniformity correction is usually applied. Purpose: To compare the correction effects of the phased-array uniformity enhancement (PURE), a calibration-based image non-uniformity correction method, among three different software versions in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Material and Methods: Hepatobiliary-phase images of a total of 120 patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging on the same 3T scanner were analyzed retrospectively. Forty patients each were examined using three software versions (DV25, DV25.1, and DV26). The effects of PURE were compared by visual assessment, histogram analysis of liver signal intensity, evaluation of the spatial distribution of correction effects, and evaluation of quantitative indices of liver parenchymal enhancement. Results: The visual assessment indicated the highest uniformity of PURE-corrected images for DV26, followed by DV25 and DV25.1. Histogram analysis of corrected images demonstrated significantly larger variations in liver signal for DV25.1 than for the other two versions. Although PURE caused a relative increase in pixel values for central and lateral regions, such effects were weaker for DV25.1 than for the other two versions. In the evaluation of quantitative indices of liver parenchymal enhancement, the liver-to-muscle ratio (LMR) was significantly higher for the corrected images than for the uncorrected images, but the liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR) showed no significant differences. For corrected images, the LMR was significantly higher for DV25 and DV26 than for DV25.1, but the LSR showed no significant differences among the three versions. Conclusion: There were differences in the effects of PURE among the three software versions in 3T Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Even if the non-uniformity correction method has the same brand name, correction effects may differ depending on the software version, and these differences may affect visual and quantitative evaluations.

祖先序列重建增强D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶的热稳定性

为解决现有D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶(DAEase)热稳定性差的产业问题,本文采用系统发育指导的大数据挖掘、合理修饰和祖先序列重建策略(ASR),重建了具有不同催化结构域DAEase的祖先序列,构建了表达载体,通过重组表达与分子对接筛选出了DAEase A13并进行酶学性质表征,此外,还基于结构分析与分子动力学模拟揭示了DAEase A13热稳定性增强的分子机制。结果表明,基于ASR策略所构建的A13 70℃时半衰期可达8.4 h,其热稳定性较野生(WT)酶显著增强,最大转化率为31%,催化活性也略高于WT酶。立体结构模拟与分子动力学模拟揭示了ASR A13中大量氢键和疏水作用的增加维持了高温下酶分子结构的稳定性,是其热稳定性增强的主要因素。研究结果证实了ASR策略可以改造DAEase使其稳定性、活性和混杂性增强,可以为D-阿洛酮糖工业生产提供良好的生物催化剂。

化瘀杀胚汤联合甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠的疗效及对TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平和microRNA-30d-5p表达量的影响

【目的】探讨化瘀杀胚汤(由丹参、赤芍、桃仁、蜈蚣、紫草、天花粉、三七等中药组成)联合甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠疗效及对患者TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平和microRNA-30d-5p表达量的影响。【方法】将104例异位妊娠患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各52例。对照组给予甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用化瘀杀胚汤治疗,连续用药3 d并随访观察1个月。比较2组患者保守治疗成功率、血β人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平恢复正常时间以及异位妊娠包块吸收时间、治疗后输卵管完全通畅率与不通畅率,观察2组保守治疗成功患者治疗前后血清TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平和microRNA-30d-5p相对表达量的变化情况。【结果】(1)观察组的保守治疗成功率为94.23%(49/52),明显高于对照组的71.15%(37/52),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,观察组的血β-HCG恢复正常时间及包块吸收时间均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(3)观察组治疗后的输卵管完全通畅率为55.77%(29/52),明显高于对照组的21.15%(11/52);不通畅率为19.23%(10/52),明显低于对照组的59.62%(31/52),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)与治疗前比较,2组保守治疗成功患者治疗结束1个月后的TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平和microRNA-30d-5p相对表达量均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组比较,观察组治疗结束1个月后的TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平和microRNA-30d-5p相对表达量均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(5)2组患者的不良反应均以胃肠道不适为主,观察组的不良反应发生率为25.00%(13/52),明显低于对照组的46.15%(24/52),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】化瘀杀胚汤联合甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠,可有效提高药物保守治疗的成功率,有助于包块的吸收以及输卵管通畅,能有效降低患者的TGF-β/Smad2/3蛋白水平及microRNA-30d-5p的相对表达量,且药物安全性较高。

3-Dimensional Irradiance Imaging with a Single Camera System

The focusing tomography is presented to reconstruct 3 dimensional irradiance distribution. A 3 dimensional luminous body could be considered as the combination of many 2 dimensional parallel luminous sections. Focus on these discrete sections respectively by a single camera, a group of images would be captured to form governing equations of irradiance. After inversion procedure, the irradiance distribution of different sections could be decoded. In this experimentation two lightbulbs are used to simulate two luminous sections. Reasonable results demonstrate that this technique could be a useful method in irradiance reconstruction after further development.

重组大肠杆菌发酵条件优化提高D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶活性的研究

功能性稀有糖D-阿洛酮糖主要由基因工程菌株表达D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶(D-allulose 3-epimerase,DAE)催化果糖生产。该研究以表达DAE的重组大肠杆菌为研究对象,利用单因素试验对发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、金属离子等成分进行优化,获得了最佳的培养基组合:蔗糖10 g/L、大豆蛋白胨15 g/L、(NH4)2SO_(4)3 g/L、KH2PO_(4)3 g/L、MgSO_(4)0.5 g/L、MnSO_(4)0.025 mmol/L。在此基础上,利用单因素试验对培养条件进行研究,确定了最佳发酵诱导时间(10 h)、接种量(3%,摇瓶)、装液量(30%)以及异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)添加浓度(1 mmol/L),使OD_(600)增加了1.46倍,酶活提高了2.57倍。在此基础上,利用5 L发酵罐进行放大发酵实验,确定了最佳诱导时间。在最佳条件下,经过18 h的诱导发酵,菌体OD_(600)最高值达51.8,干重达到21.5 g/L,酶活达到103.8 U/mL。当细胞添加量为0.014 g DCW/L时,以500 g/L D-果糖为底物,pH为7,50℃,1 h转化率达28.76%,D-阿洛酮糖最高生成量可达149.74 g/L。该研究对D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶的发酵生产具有参考价值。

高稳定液态D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶制剂研究

为解决D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶(DAE)衰减过快、贮运成本高的问题,拟开发一款具有良好存贮稳定性的DEA液态酶制剂。以半衰期为评价依据,通过单因素试验筛选出对半衰期影响显著的4个因素,并进一步利用响应曲面法对酶制剂的配方进行优化。结果表明:稳定DAE酶制剂的最佳配比为0.1mol·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)、3.96%海藻糖、41.68%葡萄糖、29.32%PEG-400。在此条件下,半衰期为292天,与模拟理论值的相对误差仅为0.17%。通过工艺优化,将DAE的储存时间大幅延长,提高了酶制剂的贮运性能。

基于Lie群表示的保体积2D-3D点集配准算法

2D-3D点集配准的目标是寻找三维原始点集与二维目标投影点集之间的对应关系和最优变换.为了给出配准问题的解析解,避免投影引起的体积退化,提出基于Lie群表示的保体积2D-3D点集配准算法.首先,考虑投影矩阵和旋转矩阵的非交换性,引入Lie群表示,将配准问题形式化为一个Lie群优化问题.利用局部线性化方法,将Lie群优化问题转化为一个可计算的二次规划问题.其次,为了避免体积退化,考虑约束变换后的三维点集的投影与二维目标点集的投影具有相同的体积.为便于计算,引入Jensen-Bregman LogDet散度作为保体积正则项,将计算点集的体积差异转化为计算协方差矩阵之间的差异.然后,通过交替求解对应关系和最优变换,形成完整且可解的迭代策略.最后,在两个经典数据集上进行对比实验和消融实验,验证了该算法的精确性和有效性.

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena.Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives.Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of production.However,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods.Three-dimensional(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices.Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions.Two-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin.It offers unprecedented abilities,e.g.alignment-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures.In this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging.As the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the field.By leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.

基于轮廓点相似性测度的2D-3D医学图像配准算法

针对传统配准算法无法适用于成像模糊、对比度低的X光医学图像的问题,本文提出一种基于轮廓点相似性测度的配准技术.首先引入分块双阈值增强策略来提取DRR图像和X光图像的边缘轮廓信息;其次,采用高斯加权欧氏距离计算图像轮廓的相似度;最后通过平衡优化器算法进行迭代优化,得到最优的位姿参数.实验结果表明:本文算法能够精确提取模糊X光图像的边缘轮廓信息,而且可以准确评估其与CT数据的相似度,平均配准成功率超过94%,算法效率和鲁棒性优于传统算法,可用于医疗诊断、放射疗法、图像引导手术等医学活动.

Evaluation of Airway Obstruction at Soft Palate Level in Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome:Dynamic 3-Dimensional CT Imaging of Upper Airway

This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） by using dynamic 3-Dimensional（3-D） CT imaging.A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms,i.e.,daytime sleepiness and fatigue,frequent snoring,and apnea with witness,were diagnosed as having OSAHS.They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller＇s maneuver.The soft palate length（SPL）,the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region（mXSA-RP）,and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid（hhL） were compared between the two breathing states.These parameters,together with hard palate length（HPL）,were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups.Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index（AHI） and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen（LSaO2）] was examined.The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS,and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS.All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level.mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller＇s maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state.There were no significant differences in these airway parameters（except the position of the hyoid bone） between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups.And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found.The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group.The patients in group with body mass index（BMI）≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP,greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller＇s maneuver than those in group with BMI26（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients.All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level.But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS.The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI26.

妊娠期高血压疾病继发下肢深静脉血栓患者血清CC趋化因子配体3和D-二聚体水平变化及检测意义

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)继发下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者血清CC趋化因子配体3(CCL3)和D-二聚体(D-D)水平变化及检测意义。方法:选取HDP患者195例,根据产后6周内是否发生下肢DVT将患者分为DVT组(55例)和非DVT组(140例)。收集两组临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定CCL3、D-D水平。采用Logistic回归分析HDP患者发生下肢DVT的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CCL3、D-D对HDP患者发生下肢DVT的预测价值。相加模型分析交互作用,计算交互作用相关指标。结果:与非DVT组比较,DVT组舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、子痫前期及子痫所占比例、血小板计数(PLT)和静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)评分较高,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)较低(均P<0.05)。与非DVT组比较,DVT组血清CCL3、D-D水平升高(均P<0.05)。HDP分期、VTE评分、PLT及血清CCL3、D-D是HDP患者发生下肢DVT的影响因素(均P<0.05)。血清CCL3、D-D联合预测HDP患者发生下肢DVT的曲线下面积(AUC)高于CCL3和D-D分别单独预测的AUC(均P<0.05)。调整混杂因素后,CCL3、D-D同时暴露患者发生下肢DVT风险是CCL3、D-D同时未暴露患者的6.905倍,存在正交互作用,且CCL3、D-D同时暴露患者中有44.28%是因两者交互作用引起,在仅因CCL3、D-D暴露所致下肢DVT发生风险中,有55.19%是因两者交互作用引起。结论:HDP继发下肢DVT患者血清CCL3、D-D水平升高,两者存在正交互作用,联合检测对发生下肢DVT的预测价值较高。

Ultra-stable CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanosheets for X-Ray Imaging Screen

Wet chemistry methods,including hot-injection and precipitation methods,have emerged as major synthetic routes for high-quality perovskite nanocrystals in backlit display and scintillation applications.However,low chemical yield hinders their upscale production for practical use.Meanwhile,the labile nature of halide-based perovskite poses a major challenge for long-term storage of perovskite nanocrystals.Herein,we report a green synthesis at room temperature for gram-scale production of CsPbBr3 nanosheets with minimum use of solvent,saving over 95% of the solvent for the unity mass nanocrystal production.The perovskite colloid exhibits record stability upon long-term storage for up to 8 months,preserving a photoluminescence quantum yield of 63% in solid state.Importantly,the colloidal nanosheets show self-assembly behavior upon slow solidification,generating a crack-free thin film in a large area.The uniform film was then demonstrated as an efficient scintillation screen for X-ray imaging.Our findings bring a scalable tool for synthesis of high-quality perovskite nanocrystals,which may inspire the industrial optoelectronic application of large-area perovskite film.

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla:Is administration of hyoscine-N-butyl-bromide mandatory?

AIM: To evaluate the value of administration of hyoscine-N-butyl-bromide (HBB) for image quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. METHODS: Seventy patients were retrospectively included in the study. Thirty-five patients were examined with administration of 40 milligrams of HBB (Buscopan ; Boehringer, Ingelheim, Germany); 35 patients were examined without HBB. A multiparametric MRI protocol was performed on a 3.0 Tesla scanner without using an endorectal coil. The following criteria were evaluated independently by two experienced radiologists on a five-point Likert scale: anatomical details (delineation between peripheral and transitional zone of the prostate, visualisation of the capsule, depiction of the neurovascular bundles); visualisation of lymph nodes; motion related artefacts; and overall image quality.RESULTS: Comparison of anatomical details between the two cohorts showed no statistically significant difference (3.9 ± 0.7 vs 4.0 ± 0.9, P = 0.54, and 3.8 ± 0.7 vs 4.2 ± 0.6, P = 0.07) for both readers. There was no significant advantage regarding depiction of local and iliac lymph nodes (3.9 ± 0.6 vs 4.2 ± 0.6, P = 0.07, and 3.8 ± 0.9 vs 4.1 ± 0.8, P = 0.19). Motion arte- facts were rated as 'none' to 'few' in both groups and showed no statistical difference (2.3 ± 1.0 vs 1.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.19, and 2.3 ± 1.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.7, P = 0.22). Overall image quality was rated 'good' in average for both cohorts without significant difference (4.0 ± 0.6 vs 4.0 ± 0.9, P = 0.78, and 3.8 ± 0.8 vs 4.2 ± 0.6, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated no significant effect of HBB administration on image quality. The study suggests that use of HBB is not mandatory for MRI of the prostate at 3.0 Tesla.