Sparse-view neutron CT 3D image reconstruction algorithm based on split Bregman method

As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation matrix for neutron tomography with a traditional analytical algorithm requires hundreds of projection views in the range of 0°to 180°and typically takes several hours to complete.Such a low time-resolved resolution degrades the quality of neutron imaging.Decreasing the number of projection acquisitions is an important approach to improve the time resolution of images;however,this requires efficient reconstruction algorithms.Therefore,sparse-view reconstruction algorithms in neutron tomography need to be investigated.In this study,we investigated the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for sparse-view neu-tron CT scans.To enhance the reconstructed image quality of neutron CT,we propose an algorithm that uses OS-SART to reconstruct images and a split Bregman to solve for the total variation(SBTV).A comparative analysis of the performances of each reconstruction algorithm was performed using simulated and actual experimental data.According to the analyzed results,OS-SART-SBTV is superior to the other algorithms in terms of denoising,suppressing artifacts,and preserving detailed structural information of images.

Development of Multi-Agent-Based Indoor 3D Reconstruction

Large-scale indoor 3D reconstruction with multiple robots faces challenges in core enabling technologies.This work contributes to a framework addressing localization,coordination,and vision processing for multi-agent reconstruction.A system architecture fusing visible light positioning,multi-agent path finding via reinforcement learning,and 360°camera techniques for 3D reconstruction is proposed.Our visible light positioning algorithm leverages existing lighting for centimeter-level localization without additional infrastructure.Meanwhile,a decentralized reinforcement learning approach is developed to solve the multi-agent path finding problem,with communications among agents optimized.Our 3D reconstruction pipeline utilizes equirectangular projection from 360°cameras to facilitate depth-independent reconstruction from posed monocular images using neural networks.Experimental validation demonstrates centimeter-level indoor navigation and 3D scene reconstruction capabilities of our framework.The challenges and limitations stemming from the above enabling technologies are discussed at the end of each corresponding section.In summary,this research advances fundamental techniques for multi-robot indoor 3D modeling,contributing to automated,data-driven applications through coordinated robot navigation,perception,and modeling.

SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

Three-dimensional(3D) synthetic aperture radar(SAR)extends the conventional 2D images into 3D features by several acquisitions in different aspects. Compared with 3D techniques via multiple observations in elevation, e.g. SAR interferometry(InSAR) and SAR tomography(TomoSAR), holographic SAR can retrieve 3D structure by observations in azimuth. This paper focuses on designing a novel type of orbit to achieve SAR regional all-azimuth observation(AAO) for embedded targets detection and holographic 3D reconstruction. The ground tracks of the AAO orbit separate the earth surface into grids. Target in these grids can be accessed with an azimuth angle span of360°, which is similar to the flight path of airborne circular SAR(CSAR). Inspired from the successive coverage orbits of optical sensors, several optimizations are made in the proposed method to ensure favorable grazing angles, the performance of 3D reconstruction, and long-term supervision for SAR sensors. Simulation experiments show the regional AAO can be completed within five hours. In addition, a second AAO of the same area can be duplicated in two days. Finally, an airborne SAR data process result is presented to illustrate the significance of AAO in 3D reconstruction.

Efficacy of laparoscopic low anterior resection for colorectal cancer patients with 3D-vascular reconstruction for left coronary artery preservation

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic low anterior resection(LLAR)has become a mainstream surgical method for the treatment of colorectal cancer,which has shown many advantages in the aspects of surgical trauma and postoperative rehabilitation.However,the effect of surgery on patients'left coronary artery and its vascular reconstruction have not been deeply discussed.With the development of medical imaging technology,3D vascular reconstruction has become an effective means to evaluate the curative effect of surgery.AIM To investigate the clinical value of preoperative 3D vascular reconstruction in LLAR of rectal cancer with the left colic artery(LCA)preserved.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 146 patients who underwent LLAR for rectal cancer with LCA preservation from January to December 2023 in our hospital.All patients underwent LLAR of rectal cancer with the LCA preserved,and the intraoperative and postoperative data were complete.The patients were divided into a reconstruction group(72 patients)and a nonreconstruction group(74 patients)according to whether 3D vascular reconstruction was performed before surgery.The clinical features,operation conditions,complications,pathological results and postoperative recovery of the two groups were collected and compared.RESULTS A total of 146 patients with rectal cancer were included in the study,including 72 patients in the reconstruction group and 74 patients in the nonreconstruction group.There were 47 males and 25 females in the reconstruction group,aged(59.75±6.2)years,with a body mass index(BMI)(24.1±2.2)kg/m^(2),and 51 males and 23 females in the nonreconstruction group,aged(58.77±6.1)years,with a BMI(23.6±2.7)kg/m^(2).There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).In the submesenteric artery reconstruction group,35 patients were type Ⅰ,25 patients were type Ⅱ,11 patients were type Ⅲ,and 1 patient was type Ⅳ.There were 37 type Ⅰ patients,24 type Ⅱ patients,12 type Ⅲ patients,and 1 type Ⅳ patient in the nonreconstruction group.There was no significant difference in arterial typing between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time of the reconstruction group was 162.2±10.8 min,and that of the nonreconstruction group was 197.9±19.1 min.Compared with that of the reconstruction group,the operation time of the two groups was shorter,and the difference was statistically significant(t=13.840,P<0.05).The amount of intraoperative blood loss was 30.4±20.0 mL in the reconstruction group and 61.2±26.4 mL in the nonreconstruction group.The amount of blood loss in the reconstruction group was less than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-7.930,P<0.05).The rates of anastomotic leakage(1.4%vs 1.4%,P=0.984),anastomotic hemorrhage(2.8%vs 4.1%,P=0.672),and postoperative hospital stay(6.8±0.7 d vs 7.0±0.7 d,P=0.141)were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Preoperative 3D vascular reconstruction technology can shorten the operation time and reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss.Preoperative 3D vascular reconstruction is recommended to provide an intraoperative reference for laparoscopic low anterior resection with LCA preservation.

Multi-View Image-Based 3D Reconstruction in Indoor Scenes:A Survey

Three-dimensional reconstruction technology plays an important role in indoor scenes by converting objects and structures in indoor environments into accurate 3D models using multi-view RGB images.It offers a wide range of applications in fields such as virtual reality,augmented reality,indoor navigation,and game development.Existing methods based on multi-view RGB images have made significant progress in 3D reconstruction.These image-based reconstruction methods not only possess good expressive power and generalization performance,but also handle complex geometric shapes and textures effectively.Despite facing challenges such as lighting variations,occlusion,and texture loss in indoor scenes,these challenges can be effectively addressed through deep neural networks,neural implicit surface representations,and other techniques.The technology of indoor 3D reconstruction based on multi-view RGB images has a promising future.It not only provides immersive and interactive virtual experiences but also brings convenience and innovation to indoor navigation,interior design,and virtual tours.As the technology evolves,these image-based reconstruction methods will be further improved to provide higher quality and more accurate solutions to indoor scene reconstruction.

3D打印生物墨水在组织修复与再生医学中的应用

背景:通过选用合适的生物墨水,3D打印技术可用以制造人体组织和器官的代替物,并在人体内发挥作用。近些年来3D打印技术发展迅速,在再生医学中有着巨大的应用潜力。目的:介绍3D打印用生物墨水的类型,并综述生物墨水的分类、应用、优缺点及未来愿景。方法:以“3D printing,Biological ink,Tissue engineering,hydrogel,Synthetic material,Cytoactive factor,3D打印、生物墨水、组织工程”为检索词,运用计算机检索2000-2022年以来发表在PubMed、CNKI数据库中的相关文献,最终纳入83篇进行综述。结果与结论:在过去的几十年里,生物3D打印技术发展迅速,在组织工程和生物医学等各个领域都受到了极大的关注。相对于传统生物支架制造方法在功能性及结构方面受到的限制,3D打印可以更好地模拟生物组织复杂的结构,并且具有合适的力学、流变学和生物学特性。生物墨水是3D打印中必不可少的一部分,通过生物材料制备的生物墨水,经打印后产生的生物支架在组织修复和再生医学等方面有着巨大的科研潜力及临床意义,其材料的研究本身也越来越受到专家们的重视。3D打印生物墨水的材料各种各样,有天然材料也有合成材料,还有一些不需要任何额外生物材料的细胞聚集体,并且各种材料在实际运用中的功效各不相同。未来会有越来越多的生物墨水被研制用于组织工程,需要通过充足的实验模拟及设备测试来对生物墨水的可打印性进行分析,从而满足实际的医用需求。

3D打印导板技术联合多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

背景:近年来,随着3D打印技术的发展,使得外科手术走向个性化、精准化。3D打印导板技术可实现术前规划、术中导航,使得外科手术更加精准。临床中重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯矫形术中仍面临置钉准确性不高导致螺钉松动甚至引起神经并发症的问题,现有关于3D打印导板技术指导重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯术中置钉的研究不多。目的:评价3D打印导向模板技术联合后路多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析3D打印导向模板椎弓根螺钉置入后联合施行后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度脊柱侧凸6例患者的临床资料,男3例,女3例,手术时年龄15-23岁,平均(18.17±3.49)岁。分析术后2周和术后18个月时脊柱侧弯相关参数的变化,进行统计学分析。结果与结论:(1)手术时间280-540 min,平均(340.83±102.20)min,术中出血量1000-4000 mL,平均(2000.00±1073.70)mL,固定节段9-14个椎体,平均(11.83±1.72)个椎体,矫形过程中未出现螺钉松动;(2)所有患者均获得随访,术后2周全脊柱正侧位片显示冠状位主弯的cobb角、冠状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1正中线的距离、矢状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1后缘的距离、顶椎偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角均获得明显矫正,主弯的cobb角平均矫正率62.22%,术后18个月随访各参数较术后2周无明显变化,矫形效果满意,无感染和内固定断裂;(3)围术期切口延迟愈合1例,经过换药处理瘢痕愈合,未出现神经并发症;(4)结果表明3D打印导向模板结合后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,矫形效果满意。

3D MERGE与3D SPACE STIR序列在腰椎间盘突出症检查中的应用比较

目的:对比三维多回波恢复梯度回波(3D MERGE)、三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D SPACE STIR)序列在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)检查中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年11月收治的135例LDH患者,回顾性分析患者临床和磁共振成像(MRI)资料,所有患者均接受常规MRI扫描及3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列扫描,对比3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列测量神经根直径的一致性,评价两种序列的图像质量参数[信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)]、图像清晰度评分。结果:3D MERGE和3D SPACE STIR序列测量的L3~S1神经根直径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组序列测量的L3、L4、L5和S1直径均显示出较高相关性(r=0.957,0.986,0.975,0.972,P<0.05);3D MERGE序列的SNR及CNR均高于3D SPACE STIR序列,神经根显示分级、图像清晰度评分优于3D SPACE STIR序列,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列在LDH神经根直径测量中具有极高一致性,3D MERGE序列较3D SPACE STIR序列能够更清晰显示神经跟的解剖形态,图像质量更好。

3D打印技术在腓骨头上入路治疗复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折中的临床应用

目的探讨3D打印技术在腓骨头上入路治疗复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析67例接受腓骨头上入路治疗的复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者的临床资料,根据术前是否采用3D打印模拟手术将患者分为3D打印组35例和常规组32例。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数,观察术后切口感染、腘血管损伤、腓总神经损伤等并发症发生情况。随访骨折愈合时间,术后6个月评估Rasmussen评分,末次随访时评估美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节功能评分。结果67例患者随访时间为14~22个月;2组各有1例患者发生术后切口感染,均未发生腘血管损伤、腓总神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症;3D打印组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数均短于或少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者骨折愈合时间、术后6个月Rasmussen评分、末次随访时HSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论3D打印技术应用于复杂胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者的腓骨头上入路治疗中,可以优化手术方案,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量和透视次数。

3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能数值模拟研究

为深入研究3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能,基于3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱及同尺寸整体现浇对照柱试验建立构件数值模型,模拟分析其轴压荷载-位移响应及失效形态。针对界面粘结性能、现浇混凝土抗压强度、打印模板厚度、荷载偏心距等参数开展3D打印混凝土永久模板叠合柱的抗压性能计算分析,研究表明:叠合柱轴压极限承载力随着薄弱界面剪切强度、刚度及现浇混凝土抗压强度的增大而增大。由于打印材料的抗压强度高于现浇混凝土,叠合柱抗压极限承载力提升率与打印模板厚度呈近似线性关系,叠合圆柱的抗压极限承载力随着荷载偏心距的增大而降低,呈近似线性负相关。此外,偏心距对叠合圆柱极限承载力下降幅度的影响大于现浇圆柱。

沉浸式3D虚拟仿真实验平台构建

为解决传统实践教学在时间、空间上的局限性,增强实践教学的互动性,以虚拟智慧城市中的物联网创新应用为研究对象,结合虚拟现实技术,在实验内容和教学模式中融入价值创造和创业素养,构建融入“创新实验路径”和“多层次综合实验项目”的物联网专业沉浸式3D虚拟仿真实验平台。采用布鲁姆教学目标分类法设计3D虚拟仿真实验教学目标,并按照IAPVE的实施模型,构建基于3D虚拟仿真实验平台的教学实施模型和考核评价模型。实施结果表明,该3D虚拟仿真实验平台及教学实施和考核评价模型可指导实践教学改革,实现学生综合能力的全面协同提升。

3D打印共面模板在局部进展型胰腺癌125I粒子植入治疗中的疗效观察

局部进展型胰腺癌(locally advanced pancreatic cancer,LAPC)指肿瘤局部广泛浸润,伴有严重的血管侵犯而无远处转移的胰腺癌,占全部胰腺癌的30%~50%[1],病人平均生存期6~12个月,难以手术切除[2],需要先采用转化治疗,当其成为可切除肿瘤时再行手术切除,但转化成功率一般较低。顽固性腰腹痛常常是LAPC病人就诊的首要且最痛苦的症状,严重影响病人的生活。目前临床主要的治疗方法为药物、神经毁损等,但只能暂时缓解症状而不针对肿瘤本身。

基于正逆向设计结合的3D打印实践教学

以装配体零件为载体,以正逆向设计结合为思想,以项目式教学为依托的3D打印实践教学项目,引导学生自主创新,注重产品质量。实践过程中部分零件采用正向设计并打印制作成型,其余零件则采用逆向设计并打印制作成型,组装获得完整装配体。教学实施效果表明,实践环节中的产品废品率显著下降,同时学生的课堂参与度显著提升。基于正逆向设计结合的教学方法突破传统的3D打印实践教学思路,锻炼了学生项目管理、自主创新、主动思考解决问题等综合能力,贯彻落实了学生质量观意识的培养。

融合Unity3D的缆索起重机安全运行数字孪生模型构建方法

为降低缆索起重机(下文简称为缆机)运行的安全风险,分析缆机运行流程,提取缆机安全运行知识语义,通过物联网技术获取实时数据,利用3DS Max软件构建大坝缆机运行初始场景,实现孪生模型三维可视化,将模型导入Unity3D引擎,使用高清渲染管线对模型进行渲染,改善视觉效果,编写C#脚本对缆机运行全过程进行安全模拟仿真。研究结果表明:应用本文所构建的缆机安全运行数字孪生模型监测隐患与故障,综合准确率达到96.7%,可有效实现缆机运行过程的安全监控、参数化控制以及可视化展示。研究结果可为缆机施工过程的安全控制提供技术支持。

明胶/氧化纳米纤维素高弹性模量高孔隙皮肤支架的3D打印工艺

背景:在采用主动修复治疗手段应对皮肤创伤时,需要使用组织工程技术生成新的组织来代替坏死组织,皮肤支架在创伤修复领域具有良好的应用前景。皮肤支架需要呈现具有一定力学强度的三维多孔结构,以满足细胞增殖分裂的需求,而目前使用的明胶基生物材料力学强度弱,无法达到皮肤支架的使用要求。目的:针对明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料制备组织工程皮肤支架时使用的3D打印工艺进行研究,重点研究不同工艺参数下制备皮肤支架的孔隙率与其力学强度之间的关系。方法:从葎草中提取10%浓度的氧化纳米纤维素晶须,再与5%的明胶复合得到明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料,检测明胶与明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料的弹性模量。以明胶/氧化纳米纤维素复合材料为基材,采用3D打印挤压成型方法制备皮肤支架,通过对材料进行力学性能测试和流变特性测试确定挤压成型工艺参数(填充间隙1.5-2.5 mm,0.1 mm均布;气压160-200 kPa),并以此制备具有三维多孔结构的皮肤支架。对皮肤支架进行了抗压性能的测试并与有限元分析结果相对比,论证了支架打印时的填充间隙与支架孔隙率及力学强度之间的关系。结果与结论:①通过实验得出,加入10%浓度的氧化纳米纤维素晶须使5%明胶的弹性模量度提升了8.84倍;在气压160 kPa下挤出成型可以得到1 mm直径的丝状凝胶,此时填充间隙从1.5 mm增大到2.5 mm会使支架的理论孔隙率从33%上升到60%,但抗压强度从230000 Pa降低到95000 Pa;②结果显示,使用2 mm填充间隙制备得到了理论孔隙率为50%、弹性模量160000 Pa的皮肤支架,该支架具有清晰的三维多孔结构。

3D Slicer三维影像重建技术在显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛中的应用

目的探讨3D Slicer三维影像重建技术在显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛(PTN)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月MVD治疗的56例PTN的临床资料。术前行3D-TOF-MRA、3D-FIESTA扫描,并应用3D Slicer软件进行三维影像重建,了解血管与神经的关系、责任血管走行并模拟手术;术中显微镜下不能充分暴露或操作困难时,应用神经内镜进行观察及操作。结果55例术中确认存在责任血管,其中12例在神经内镜下确认;1例术中未发现责任血管。53例术前三维重建影像发现的责任血管与术中发现一致;3例术前三维重建影像为阴性,包括术中证实为静脉压迫2例、未发现责任血管1例。42例术后疼痛即刻消失,明显减轻13例,无变化1例。术后出现面部麻木4例、口周疱疹1例,对症治疗后缓解。术后随访15~47个月,BNI疼痛分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例;有效率为94.6%。结论应用MVD治疗PTN时,3D Slicer三维影像重建技术有助于术前明确责任血管及其走行,可模拟手术以优化手术规划,减少术中不必要的探查与牵拉。神经内镜可弥补显微镜视野盲区,有助于暴露责任血管,减少责任血管遗漏,并可辅助确认及调整棉片的位置,提高手术效果。

3D smart mA调控技术对不同BMI患者图像采集时间质量及辐射剂量的影响

目的:分析3D智能管电流(3D smart mA)调控技术对不同体质量指数(BMI)患者图像采集时间、质量及辐射剂量的影响。方法:择取的180例行胸部CT扫描患者选自西安交通大学第一附属医院2021年6月至2022年12月期间所收治,按照BMI将患者分为三组,A组(18.5 kg/m^(2)≤BMI≤23.9kg/m^(2),n=75)、B组(23.9kg/m^(2)0.05);两位医师对肺部不同层面图像质量(IQS)评分进行评价,Kappa一致性非常好(Kappa值=0.768、0.812、0.861);三组肺部不同层面IQS评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组肺部不同层面CT对比,差异有统计学意义,且随着BMI增加而下降(P<0.05),三组肺部不同层面图像标准差(SD)值对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组DLP、ED均低于B、C组,B组DLP、ED低于C组(P<0.05)。结论:不同BMI患者应用3D smart mA调控技术,在保证图像质量的前提下,可有效降低辐射剂量。

3D打印技术在口腔正畸领域的应用进展

3D打印是通过计算机辅助技术模拟设计3D结构,并用各种材料逐层堆积成真实的物体,是一种增材制造技术[1]。与传统失蜡铸造法和计算机减材制造法相比,3D打印具有工艺优势[2],能够缩短供应链,降低成本,通过产生更少的废物实现可持续的过程,但在表面质量、机械性能和尺寸精度等方面,3D打印技术有待提高。在口腔正畸领域,数字化3D打印技术(简称3D打印技术)已经得到广泛运用,3D打印技术继承错颌畸形的矫治理念,摒弃传统诊断、设计、制作方法,利用计算机辅助诊断、个性化设计、数字化成型技术,根据口腔内复杂情况快速制作个性化矫治器,能够提高患者舒适度以及治疗效率,同时推动正畸治疗向个性化与精准化转变,为正畸治疗带来了极大的便利[3]。本文将综述3D打印技术在口腔正畸领域中的运用。

翻转课堂联合3D打印技术在临床肋骨骨折教学中的应用

目的探讨翻转课堂联合3D打印技术在临床肋骨骨折教学中的应用效果。方法将2021年6月至2022年6月武汉大学人民医院胸外科住培学员共78名分为试验组(39名)和对照组(39名)。试验组采用翻转课堂联合3D打印技术模式授课,对照组采用传统教学模式。运用理论考核和问卷调查方式评估教学效果。结果试验组理论考核成绩(84.62±10.97)分高于对照组(76.92±11.28)分,且试验组相较于对照组能够明显提高学习效果、临床思维能力和教学满意程度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在提高学习效率方面2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论翻转课堂联合3D打印技术在肋骨骨折的临床教学中的应用有助于增加学生的知识掌握水平,提高学习效果,增加临床思维能力,具有一定的教学价值。

3D打印结合叙事医学在骨科住培医师教学中的应用研究

目的:研究3D打印结合叙事医学教学方法在骨科住培医师教学中的应用价值。方法:选取骨科住培医师80人,随机分为试验组及对照组,比较两组学员的理论能力、实践能力、人文关怀能力及教学满意度。结果:试验组的实践能力、人文关怀能力及教学满意度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用3D打印结合叙事医学的教学方法具有良好的教学效果。