Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrat...Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrator for the famous 4-20 mA electrical signaling scheme. The loop calibrator generates a linear current signal from 4 to 20 mA over a 250 ? typical process instrument load for calibration. The realization of the loop calibrator relies on a voltage-to-current converter to build a constant current source. The voltage controlled constant current source is built from discrete components and an op-amp to keep the cost low. Results from simulations and the prototype demonstrate the performance of the 4-20 mA loop calibrator which utilizes a greatly reduced number of components. The cost of these components is approximately 34% of the least expensive calibrator sampled, though other production costs are not included. This conclusion reinforces the fact that loop calibrators can be cheaper.展开更多
提出了一种用于控制与保护开关电器的4~20 m A标准电流输出电路。阐述了基于脉宽调制技术实现数模转换的原理,在电路仿真的基础上设计了硬件电路,分析了电路的各个部分并详细讨论了实现脉宽调制输出的软件设计方法。对导致输出电流产生...提出了一种用于控制与保护开关电器的4~20 m A标准电流输出电路。阐述了基于脉宽调制技术实现数模转换的原理,在电路仿真的基础上设计了硬件电路,分析了电路的各个部分并详细讨论了实现脉宽调制输出的软件设计方法。对导致输出电流产生误差的因素作了进一步探讨,改进了相关器件选型,试验表明提高了电路精度和线性度。该电路抗干扰能力强、安全性高且比采用数模转换器实现方式的成本低,适合传输远程模拟量信号,可用于工业现场设备及自动化仪表的相关开发。展开更多
文摘Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrator for the famous 4-20 mA electrical signaling scheme. The loop calibrator generates a linear current signal from 4 to 20 mA over a 250 ? typical process instrument load for calibration. The realization of the loop calibrator relies on a voltage-to-current converter to build a constant current source. The voltage controlled constant current source is built from discrete components and an op-amp to keep the cost low. Results from simulations and the prototype demonstrate the performance of the 4-20 mA loop calibrator which utilizes a greatly reduced number of components. The cost of these components is approximately 34% of the least expensive calibrator sampled, though other production costs are not included. This conclusion reinforces the fact that loop calibrators can be cheaper.
文摘提出了一种用于控制与保护开关电器的4~20 m A标准电流输出电路。阐述了基于脉宽调制技术实现数模转换的原理,在电路仿真的基础上设计了硬件电路,分析了电路的各个部分并详细讨论了实现脉宽调制输出的软件设计方法。对导致输出电流产生误差的因素作了进一步探讨,改进了相关器件选型,试验表明提高了电路精度和线性度。该电路抗干扰能力强、安全性高且比采用数模转换器实现方式的成本低,适合传输远程模拟量信号,可用于工业现场设备及自动化仪表的相关开发。
