The structure-directing role of heterologous seeds in the synthesis of zeolite

Zeolites have been widely used as catalysts,ion-exchangers,and adsorbents in chemical industries,detergent industry,steel industry,glass industry,ceramic industry,medical and healthfield,and environmentalfield,and recently applied in energy storage.Seed-assisted synthesis is a very effective approach in promoting the crystallization of zeolites.In some cases,the target zeolite cannot be formed in the absence of seed zeolite.In homologous seed-assisted synthesis,the structure of the seed zeolite is the same to that of the target zeolite,while the structure of the seed zeolite is different to that of the target zeolite in the heterologous seed-assisted synthesis.In this review,we briefly summarized the heterologous seed-assisted syntheses of zeolites and analyzed the structure-directing effect of heterologous seeds and surveyed the“common composite building units(CBUs)hypothesis”and the“common secondary building units(SBUs)hypothesis”.However,both hypotheses cannot explain all observations on the heterologous seed-assisted syntheses.Finally,we proposed that the formation of the target zeolite does need nuclei with the structure of target zeolite and the formation of the nuclei of the target zeolite can be promoted by either the undissolved seed crystals with the same CBUs or SBUs to the target zeolite or by the facilitated appropriate distribution of the specific building units due to the presence of the heterologous seed that does not have any common CBUs and SBUs with the target zeolite.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical NaX zeolite from natural kaolinite for efficient Knoevenagel condensation

Zeolite catalysts have found extensive applications in the synthesis of various fine chemicals.However,the micropores of zeolites impose diffusion limitations on bulky molecules,greatly reducing the catalytic efficiency.Herein,we explore an economic and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing hierarchical NaX zeolite that exhibits improved catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction for producing the useful fine chemical 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate.The synthesis was achieved via a low-temperature activation of kaolinite and subsequent in-situ transformation strategy without any template or seed.Systematic characterizations reveal that the synthesized NaX zeolite has both intercrystalline and intra-crystalline mesopores,smaller crystal size,and larger external specific surface area compared to commercial NaX zeolite.Detailed mechanism investigations show that the inter-crystalline mesopores are generated by stacking smaller crystals formed from in-situ crystallization of the depolymerized kaolinite,and the intra-crystalline mesopores are inherited from the pores in the depolymerized kaolinite.This synthesis strategy provides an energy-saving and effective way to construct hierarchical zeolites,which may gain wide applications in fine chemical manufacturing.

Dealuminated Hβ zeolite for selective conversion of fructose to furfural and formic acid

The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.

EDTA-LDH/zeolite制备及其对重金属离子的吸附

用水热法和焙烧还原法两步合成了乙二胺四乙酸-水滑石/沸石(EDTA-LDH/zeolite)复合材料,并将其用于去除水溶液中的Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+),系统研究不同条件下EDTA-LDH/zeolite对单一及混合重金属离子溶液中Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的吸附效果与吸附机制。结果表明,当EDTA-LDH/zeolite投加量为0.05 g、重金属离子浓度为1500 mg/L、pH值为6.5、吸附时间为24 h时,EDTA-LDH/zeolite吸附性能最佳。重金属离子间存在竞争吸附,EDTA-LDH/zeolite对Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的最大吸附容量分别为65.33、98.35和108.51 mg/g。去除过程中沉淀作用、表面络合、螯合反应等多种机制协同作用,去除行为均符合Langmuir等温模型与拟二阶动力学模型。

Synthesis of spherical nano-ZSM-5 zeolite with intergranular mesoporous for alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol to produce m-diethylbenzene

Catalytic synthesis of m-diethylbenzene(m-DEB)through alkylation of ethylbenzene(EB)may be a promising alternative route in comparison with traditional rectification of mixed DEB,for which the top priority is to develop efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts.Here,the spherical nano-ZSM-5 zeolite with abundant intergranular mesoporous is synthesized by the seed-mediated growth method for alkylation of EB with ethanol to produce m-DEB.The results show that the spherical nano-ZSM-5 zeolite exhibits better stability and higher alkylation activity at a lower temperature than those of commercial micropore ZSM-5.And then,the spherical nano-ZSM-5 is further modified by La_(2)O_(3) through acid treatment followed by immersion method.The acid treatment causes nano-ZSM-5 to exhibit the increased pore size but decreased the acid sites,and subsequent La_(2)O_(3) loading reintroduces the weak acid sites.As a result,the HNO_(3)-La_(2)O_(3)-modified catalyst exhibits a slight increase in EB conversion and DEB yield in comparison with unmodified one,and meanwhile,it still maintains high m-DEB selectivity.The catalyst after acid treatment achieves higher catalytic stability besides maintaining the high alkylation activity of EB with ethanol.The present study on the spherical nano-HZSM-5 zeolite and its modification catalyst with excellent alkylation ability provides new insights into the production of mDEB.

Production of linear alkylbenzene over Ce containing Beta zeolites

Ce-encapsulated Beta zeolite was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method with citric acid complexing Ce in the absence of Na species.Additional citric acid can effectively prevent the deposition of Ce species during the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites,leading to uniform distribution of Ce cluster in the framework of Beta zeolites.Moreover,the sodium-free synthesis system resulted that the Brønsted acid sites were mainly located on the straight channels and external surface of Beta zeolites,improving the utilization of Brønsted acid sites.In addition,Ce encapsulated Beta zeolites showed enhanced activity and robust stability in the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene based on the synergistic effect between Ce species and Brønsted acid sites,which pave the way for its practical application in the production of alkylbenzene.

Development and Catalytic Cracking Performance of Ultrastable Y Zeolite Rich in Secondary Pores

A novel ultra-stable zeolite, NSZ, rich in secondary pores was developed through the combination of gas-phase andmild hydrothermal methods. This zeolite was successfully tested in an industrial setting for the first time in the world. The porestructure characteristics of the NSZ zeolite prepared for industrial use were analyzed and characterized using BET. The resultsindicate a significant increase in the secondary pore volume of NSZ zeolite compared to the existing ultra-stable zeolite HSZ-5, which is produced through a conventional gas-phase method. The average secondary pore volume to total pore volume ratioin NSZ zeolite was found to be 58.96% higher. The catalytic cracking performance of NSZ zeolite was evaluated. The resultsshowed that the NSC-LTA catalyst, with NSZ as the active component, outperformed the HSC-LTA catalyst with HSZ-5 zeolitein terms of obtaining more high-value products (gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas) during the hydrogenated light cycle oilprocessing. Additionally, the NSC-LTA catalyst showed a significant improvement in coke selectivity.

Preparation of a zeolite-palladium composite membrane for hydrogen separation:Influence of zeolite film on membrane stability

With the development of hydrogen energy,palladium-based membranes have been widely used in hydrogen separation and purification.However,the poor chemical stability of palladium composite membranes limits their commercial applications.In this study,a zeolite-palladium composite membrane with a sandwich-like structure was obtained by using a TS-1 zeolite film grown on the surface of palladium membrane.The membrane microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDX.The effects of the TS-1 film on the hydrogen permeability and stability of palladium composite membrane were investigated in details.Benefited from the protection of the TS-1 zeolite film,the stability of palladium composite membrane was enhanced.The results indicate that the TS-1-Pd composite membrane was stable after eight cycles of the temperature exchange cycles between 773 K and 623 K.Especially,the loss of hydrogen permeance for TS-1-Pd composite membrane was much smaller than that of the pure palladium membrane when the membrane was tested in the presence of C3H6atmosphere.It indicated that the TS-1-Pd composite membrane had better chemical stability in comparison with pure palladium membrane,owing to its sandwich-like structure.This work provides an efficient way for the deposition of zeolite film on palladium membrane to enhance the membrane stability.

A concise review on surface and structural modification of porous zeolite scaffold for enhanced hydrogen storage

Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical properties.Nevertheless,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsatisfactory(0.224%-1.082%(mass))compared to its modified counterpart.Thus,the contemporary focus on enhancing hydrogen storage capacities has led to significant attention towards the utilization of modified zeolites,with studies exploring surface modifications through physical and chemical treatments,as well as the integration of various active metals.The enhanced hydrogen storage properties of zeolites are attributed to the presence of aluminosilicates from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals,resulting in increased storage capacity through interactions with the charge density of these aluminosilicates.Therefore,there is a great demand to critically review their role such as well-defined topology,pore structure,good thermal stability,and tunable hydrophilicity in enhanced hydrogen storage.This article aimed to critically review the recent research findings based on modified zeolite performance for enhanced hydrogen storage.Some of the factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacities of zeolites that can affect the rate of reaction and the stability of the adsorbent,like pressure,structure,and morphology were studied,and examined.Then,future perspectives,recommendations,and directions for modified zeolites were discussed.

Phosphotungstic acid immobilized on amino-functionalized TS-1 zeolite as a solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of tributyl citrate

The amino-functionalization of TS-1 zeolite followed by immobilization of phosphotungstic acid(HPW)was presented to prepare a strong solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of bio-based tributyl citrate from the esterification of citric acid and n-butanol.γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was first grafted on the TS-1 zeolite via the condensation reactions with surface hydroxyl groups,and subsequently the HPW was immobilized via the reaction between the amino groups and the protons from HPW-forming strong ionic bonding.The Keggin structure of HPW and MFI topology of TS-1 zeolite were well maintained after the modifications.The amino-functionalization generated abundant uniformly distributed active sites on TS-1 for HPW immobilization,which promoted the dispersity,abundance,as well as the stability of the acid sites.The tetrahedrally coordinated framework titanium and non-framework titania behaved as weak Lewis acid sites,and the protons from the immobilized HPW acted as the moderate or strong Brønsted acid sites.An optimized TBC yield of 96.2%(mol)with a conversion of-COOH of 98.1%(mol)was achieved at 150℃for 6 h over the HPW immobilized on amino-functionalized TS-1.The catalyst exhibited good stability after four consecutive reaction runs,where the activity leveled off at still a relatively high level after somewhat deactivation possibly caused by the leaching of a small portion of weakly anchored APTES or HPW.

High-silica faujasite zeolite-tailored metal encapsulation for the low-temperature production of pentanoic biofuels

Zeolite-encapsulated metal nanoclusters are at the heart of bifunctional catalysts,which hold great potential for petrochemical conversion and the emerging sustainable biorefineries.Nevertheless,efficient encapsulation of metal nanoclusters into a high-silica zeolite Y in particular with good structural integrity still remains a significant challenge.Herein,we have constructed Ru nanoclusters(~1 nm)encapsulated inside a high-silica zeolite Y(SY)with a SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio(SAR)of 10 via a cooperative strategy for direct zeolite synthesis and a consecutive impregnation for metal encapsulation.Compared with the benchmark Ru/H-USY and other analogues,the as-prepared Ru/H-SY markedly boosts the yields of pentanoic biofuels and stability in the direct hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived levulinate even at a mild temperature of 180℃,which are attributed to the notable stabilization of transition states by the enhanced acid accessibility and properly sized constraints of zeolite cavities owing to the good structural integrity.

OSDA-free synthesis of FeZSM-22 zeolite from natural minerals for n-octane hydroisomerization

A seed-directed approach to synthesizing Fe ZSM-22 zeolite without organic structure directing agent(OSDA)was developed by using Fe-rich diatomite as all aluminum and iron sources.The Fe ZSM-22zeolite with optimal crystallinity and purity can be obtained by systematically adjusting feed composition and synthesis conditions.Characterizations show that Fe ZSM-22 zeolite synthesized with OSDA-free owns high crystallinity,obvious thin needle-shaped morphology and high Bronsted/Lewis acid ratio.Significantly,when used for n-octane hydroisomerization reaction,its derived catalyst exhibits the best catalytic performance reflected by the highest selectivity to C_(8)isomers compared to the two reference catalysts prepared based on a Fe-containing and a Fe-free ZSM-22 synthesized through an OSDA-directed route from natural diatomite and conventional chemicals,respectively.This work provides an alternative route to sustainably synthesizing heteroatomic zeolites with high performance.

Synthesis of NaY zeolite from a submolten depolymerized perlite:Alkalinity effect and crystallization kinetics

NaY zeolites are synthesized using submolten salt depolymerized natural perlite mineral as the main silica and alumina sources in a 0.94 L stirred crystallizer.Effects of alkalinity ranging from 0.38 to 0.55(n(Na_(2)O)/n(SiO_(2)))on the relative crystallinity,textural properties and crystallization kinetics were investigated.The results show that alkalinity exerts a nonmonotonic influence on the relative crystallinity and textural properties,which exhibit a maximum at the alkalinity of 0.43.The nucleation kinetics are studied by fitting the experimental data of relative crystallinity with the Gualtieri model.It is shown that the nucleation rate constant increases with increasing alkalinity,while the duration period of nucleation decreases with increasing alkalinity.For n(Na_(2)O)/n(SiO_(2))ratios ranging from 0.38 to 0.55,the as-synthesized NaY zeolites exhibit narrower crystal size distributions with the increase in alkalinity.The growth rates determined from the variations of average crystal size with time are 51.09,157.50,46.17 and 24.75 nm·h^(-1),respectively.It is found that the larger average crystal sizes at the alkalinity of 0.38 and 0.43 are attributed to the dominant role of crystal growth over nucleation.Furthermore,the combined action of prominent crystal growth and the longer duration periods of nucleation at the alkalinity of 0.38 and 0.43 results in broader crystal size distributions.The findings demonstrate that control of the properties of NaY zeolite and the crystallization kinetics can be achieved by conducting the crystallization process in an appropriate range of alkalinity of the reaction mixture.

Facile in situ synthesis and characterization of Fe@Si/zeolite Na composites with magnetic core–shell structures from natural materials for enhanced curcumin loading capacity

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that is used in various traditional medicines.However,its inherent properties,such as its rapid degradation and metabolism,low bioavailability,and short half-life,are serious problems that must be resolved.To this end,a drug carrier incorporating natural magnetic cores in a zeolite framework was developed and applied to the loading of curcumin in ethanol solutions.In this system,curcumin is encapsulated in a zeolite Na(ZNA)magnetic core–shell structure(Fe@Si/ZNA),which can be easily synthesized using an in situ method.Synthesis of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles was carried out from natural materials using a co-precipitation method.Analysis of the prepared magnetic core–shell structures and composites was carried out using vibrating-sample magnetometery,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and x-ray diffraction.The cumulative loading of curcumin in the ZNA composite with 9%nanoparticles was found to reach 90.70%with a relatively long half-life of 32.49 min.Stability tests of curcumin loading in the composite showed that adding magnetic particles to the zeolite framework also increased the stability of the composite structure.Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies also found that the system follows the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models.

CoFe_(2)O_(4)@Zeolite催化剂活化过一硫酸盐对甲基橙的强化降解:性能与机理

采用共沉淀水热法制备了CoFe_(2)O_(4)@Zeolite(CFZ),并将其用于活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解合成染料。综合表征表明,组成多孔壳层的CoFe_(2)O_(4)纳米颗粒均匀地覆盖在Na-A沸石上。CFZ的比表面积为107.06 m^(2)/g,是原始沸石比表面积的3倍。CFZ的饱和磁化强度为29.0 A·m^(2)·kg^(–1),可以进行有效磁分离。催化降解实验表明,CFZ/PMS体系对甲基橙(MO)的去除率远远高于单独使用CFZ或PMS。在最佳条件([MO]=50 mg/L、[PMS]=1.0 mmol/L、0.2 g/L CFZ、pH 8和T=25℃)下,MO去除率可达到97.1%。实验研究了pH、PMS用量、CFZ用量、MO浓度以及共存阴离子等因素对CFZ催化性能的影响。活性氧粒子淬灭实验表明,1O2和O_(2)^(•–)在降解过程中起主导作用。CFZ具有良好的回收性能,5次循环后MO去除效率仅下降2.4%。本文还详细讨论了CFZ/PMS体系的催化降解机理。

Eco-friendly synthesis and environmental impact assessment of hierarchical Beta zeolite from kaolinite and recycled mother liquor

The development of sustainable techniques to produce high-performance zeolite is essential to achieve green production in industry.Herein,we report an eco-friendly route to synthesizing hierarchical Beta zeolite from kaolinite and recycled mother liquor.The results reveal that the unutilized species(such as silicon species and Na+)in mother liquor stayed in a stable concentration during eleven recycled experiments.Moreover,the synthesized Beta zeolites still have comparable physicochemical properties and catalytic performance in the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over the initial zeolite although eleven recycled experiments.Life cycle assessment exhibits that the synthesis of Beta zeolite with recycled mother liquor can reduce global warming potential by 23%and resource depletion-water use by 36%compared to that without recycled mother liquor.This quantitatively demonstrates that the approach proposed in this work is really a sustainable one,extremely increasing the utilization efficiency of raw materials and decreasing the environmental burden.

基于FAERS数据库的周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6抑制剂血液毒性真实世界研究

目的 基于美国美国食品药品管理局(FDA)的不良事件报告系统(FAERS)分析3种周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6(CDK4/6)抑制剂上市后的不良事件(AEs)信号,为临床用药安全提供参考。方法 提取FAERS数据库2015年第一季度至2022年第一季度共29个季度AEs,利用报告比值比法(ROR)和比例报告比值法(PRR)对CDK4/6抑制剂AEs进行数据挖掘。结果 CDK4/6抑制剂相关性血液毒性报告共有7 872份,各抑制剂血液毒性AEs占总AEs比例依次为哌柏西利(80.31%)>瑞博西利(15.36%)>阿贝西利(4.33%)。血液毒性常见中性粒细胞减少和贫血。哌柏西利(2 982/6 322,47.17%)和瑞博西利(613/1 209,50.70%)致中性粒细胞减少的报告占比较阿贝西利(117/341,34.31%)更高,血液毒性主要发生在药物开始使用后60 d内(1 630,61.86%),哌柏西利中位时间最长,且用药90 d后仍有32.9%的患者存在血液毒性,不同CDK4/6抑制剂血液毒性临床表现及发生强度存在差异。结论 哌柏西利、阿贝西利、瑞博西利均会导致明显的血液毒性,其中阿贝西利致血液毒性报告最少,但要警惕阿贝西利致贫血后导致死亡的风险。用药后的2个月内密切监测全血细胞计数,关注中性粒细胞、血红蛋白等水平,警惕CDK4/6抑制剂相关血液AEs的发生。

CdS/In_(2)O_(3)/g-C_(3)N_(4)复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶剂热法成功合成了一种新型的Z型CdS/In_(2)O_(3)/g-C_(3)N_(4)三元复合光催化材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪对光催化材料的相结构、形貌、原子价态和光响应性能等进行表征,通过可见光降解苯酚评价其光催化活性。结果表明,具有零维结构的CdS、一维结构的In_(2)O_(3)和三维结构的g-C_(3)N_(4)形成了0D/1D/3D三元复合材料,该材料在180 min可有效降解90%的苯酚,降解速率是CdS的2.9倍、g-C_(3)N_(4)的6倍,且具有较高的稳定性。复合材料光催化能力的增强主要归因于三维多孔g-C_(3)N_(4)与CdS和In_(2)O_(3)形成的三维空间电场。三维多孔结构不仅有利于污染物的高效吸附,而且为光催化反应提供活性位点,三维空间和网络互连结构有利于光生电荷的定向迁移,增加载流子寿命。

甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清神经调节蛋白4水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者血清神经调节蛋白4(NRG4)水平及其临床意义。方法 选取2019年8月至2021年8月该院收治的69例甲亢患者作为甲亢组,同期收治的57例亚临床甲亢患者作为亚临床甲亢组,同期健康体检者63例为健康对照组。对甲亢患者均给予硫酰胺类药物甲巯咪唑治疗3个月。比较3组促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平;分析甲亢患者治疗前后的TSH、FT3、FT4、NRG4水平变化;评估治疗前血清NRG4辅助诊断甲亢的价值;分析治疗前血清NRG4水平与TSH、FT3、FT4水平的相关性。结果 甲亢组治疗前TSH水平[(0.14±0.03)mU/L]低于亚临床甲亢组[(0.25±0.04)mU/L]、健康对照组[(2.61±0.45)mU/L],甲亢组治疗前FT3、FT4、NRG4水平[(15.54±2.68)pmol/L、(41.36±10.02)pmol/L、(3.42±1.12)ng/mL]高于亚临床甲亢组[(6.25±0.27)pmol/L、(20.34±3.45)pmol/L、(2.61±0.52)ng/mL]、健康对照组[(3.74±0.39)pmol/L、(12.03±2.16)pmol/L、(1.89±0.49)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲亢患者FT3、FT4、NRG4水平在治疗1个月[(12.04±2.41)pmol/L、(30.25±7.84)pmol/L、(2.84±0.87)ng/mL]、3个月[(7.65±2.23)pmol/L、(19.63±4.25)pmol/L、(2.37±0.61)ng/mL]时相比治疗前降低(P<0.05),TSH水平在治疗1个月[(0.87±0.21)mU/L]、3个月[(1.42±0.32)mU/L]相比治疗前升高(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示:血清NRG4诊断甲亢的曲线下面积为0.859(95%CI=0.799~0.919,P<0.05),灵敏度为66.7%,特异度为88.9%,最佳临界值为2.39 ng/mL,约登指数为0.556。Pearson相关分析结果显示:NRG4水平与TSH水平呈负相关(r=-0.494,P<0.05),与FT3、FT4水平均呈正相关(r=0.502、0.644,P<0.05)。结论 甲亢患者血清NRG4呈相对高水平,硫酰胺类药物治疗后其水平下降;甲亢患者NRG4水平与甲状腺激素指标水平具有相关性,对甲亢的临床诊治具有辅助评估价值。

抗PCV4 Cap蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立可应用于猪圆环病毒4型(PCV4)候选疫苗特异性抗体检测与评价方法,本研究应用PCV4 Cap蛋白作为抗原,以PCV4多克隆兔源抗体作为一抗,优化各反应的最佳条件并建立了针对PCV4 Cap蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法。最佳条件为2μg/m L PCV4 Cap纯化蛋白,4℃包被过夜,5%脱脂乳封闭60 min,待检血清稀释比例为1∶800,反应条件为37℃、45 min,酶标抗体稀释比例为1∶5000,反应条件为37℃、60 min,底物显色时间为10 min,Cut of f值为0.157,灵敏度可达102400倍。成功建立的抗PCV4Cap蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的敏感性、重复性和特异性。可为检测PCV4候选疫苗的特异性抗体水平提供一种精准、高效的方法。