Synthesis and antibacterial activity of brominated 2′(4′)-nitro-3-hydroxy diphenyl ethers

Eight new brominated 2＇（4＇）-nitro-3-hydroxy diphenyl ethers have been designed and synthesized. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by ^1H NMR, IR and HRMS. The bioactivity tests showed that these compounds possessed antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. These new compounds cannot be transformed into dioxins when they were manufactured and used.

SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Catalyzed C3-alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarin with secondary benzyl alcohols and <i>O</i>-alkylation with <i>O</i>-acetyl compounds

Sulfated tin oxide (STO) has been found to be an efficient reusable solid superacid catalyst for C3-alkylation and O-alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with benzylic, allylic alcohols/and corresponding acetates respectively, in acetic acid under reflux conditions with good yield of products.

Detection of NO_2 Based on 4-Carboxyl-4′-hydroxy Azobenzene and Its Cu(II) Complex

An organic ligand and its Cu（II） complex formulated as （C13HloN203）·5H2O （H2L·5H2O, 1） and Cu（HL）2（phen）·0.125H2O （2, H2L = 4-carboxyl-4′-hydroxy azobenzene, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the two compounds, H2L and HL exhibit a trans-conformation. Complex 2 shows a mononuclear Cu（Ⅱ） structure with the hydroxyl group of HL uncoordinated. Complex 2 is assembled into a three-dimensional （3D） supramolecular architecture by hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. H2L and compound 2 can detect NO2 via reversible and irreversible color changes, respectively. The mechanism for the color changes is investigated.

Synthesis and activities of new 4-hydroxybenzoxazolone derivatives

A series of new 4-substituted benzoxazolone derivatives were synthesized according to a convenient method,their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo were evaluated.All of them were new compounds,the structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,ESI-MS and HR-MS.Most of the compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.

大肠杆菌合成4-羟基异亮氨酸的代谢工程研究

为进一步提高大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)合成4-羟基异亮氨酸的性能,以前期构建的重组菌株Escherichia coli IEOH-9为出发菌株进行代谢工程改造。首先,过表达解除反馈抑制作用的天冬氨酸激酶编码基因lysCC1055T以强化L-异亮氨酸代谢通量;然后,过表达吡啶核苷酸转氢酶编码基因pntAB以提高胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)水平;在此基础上,分别敲除丙酮酸激酶编码基因pykF和pykA以增强磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸合成草酰乙酸的代谢流;最后过表达柠檬酸合酶编码基因glt A以提高前体物α-酮戊二酸的供应。结果表明,基因lysCC1055T、pnt AB过表达菌株E. coli IEOH-10、E. coli IEOH-11的4-羟基异亮氨酸产量分别达到17.3 g/L、19.4 g/L;敲除基因pykF的效果优于pykA,基因pykF敲除菌株Escherichia coli IEOH-13的4-羟基异亮氨酸产量为21.5 g/L;过表达基因glt A菌株IEOH-14的4-羟基异亮氨酸产量增加至24.7 g/L,较出发菌株IEOH-9提高57.3%,生物量无明显差异(P>0.05)。

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYI,4-HYDROXY -4'-METHOXY-5,6,5',6'-BISMETHYLENEDIOXYBIPHENYL-2,2'-DICAPBOXYLATE——AN ESSENTIAL METABOLITE OF DDB

This paper reports the total synthesis of dimethyl 4-hydroxy-4’-methoxy-5,6,5’,6’-bismethylenedioxybiphenyl-2,2’-dicarboxylate(Ⅱ). Various conditions for bromination were tried to find the best one for synthesis of the key intermediate compd 6.After Lllmann condensation of 6 with 8 and hydrogenolysis, the title compd Ⅱ was obtained.It was proved to be identical with the isolated metabolite of DDB by spectral data.

Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Hydroxy Quinolinone Derivatives as Antioxidants of Lubricating Grease

3-(5-(2.4-dichlorophyenyl)-4.5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4hydroxy-1-methylquinolin(1H)-one, 5-((4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxo-1.2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-1-phenyl-2-hioxodihydropyrimidine-4.6(1H.5H)-dione, and 1-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-(5-styryl-4.5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy analysis. These compounds are designated I, II and III, respectively. The antioxidants efficiency of the synthesized compounds in lubricating greases had been investigated using ASTM d-942 and ASTM d-664. The obtained data showed that the total acid number and oxygen pressure drop of these compounds in lubricating greases decrease in the order: Comp.III. < Comp.I. < Comp.II. The antioxidant efficiency of the prepared quinolinones derivatives was discussed. Acceptable correlations were obtained between the obtained oxidation inhibition and the calculated quantum chemical parameters.

Facile Resolution of Racemic 4-Phenyl-2-hydroxy Butyrate via Enzymatic Esterification and Transesterification

The optically active R-4-phenyl-2-hydroxy butyrates were prepared by esterification of the racemic acid or transesterification of the racemic ester catalyzed by lipase from Candida cyclindra (CCL) in organic media.

利用谷氨酸棒杆菌转化法合成4–羟基异亮氨酸

4–羟基异亮氨酸(4-hydroxyisoleucine,4-HIL)具有葡萄糖依赖的促进胰岛素分泌的活性,在L–异亮氨酸(Lisoleucine,L-Ile)生产菌株谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)YILW中过表达来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)TCCC11826的L–异亮氨酸羟化酶(L-isoleucine dioxygenase,IDO)编码基因ido,以期利用微生物转化法合成4-HIL,并研究α–酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate,α-KG)和Fe2+添加量对菌株合成4-HIL的影响.结果表明:构建的C.glutamicum YILW-IDO菌株能够表达出有活性的IDO,并能够利用菌体自身合成的L-Ile以及培养基中的α–酮戊二酸合成4-HIL.此外,α–酮戊二酸和Fe2+均能影响4-HIL的合成,在其添加量分别为40,mmol/L和4,mmol/L条件下,培养50,h,4-HIL产量达(35.7±1.0)mmol/L.本研究可为4-HIL及氨基酸衍生物的生物制造提供理论依据.

重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成4-羟基异亮氨酸

4-羟基异亮氨酸(4-HIL)是一种很有前景的药物,它具有促进胰岛素分泌、改善外周组织对胰岛素的抵抗性和调节血脂异常等作用,而L-异亮氨酸羟化酶(IDO)常用于4-HIL的生产。首先,克隆了苏云金芽孢杆菌来源的L-异亮氨酸羟化酶,实现了其在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的异源表达。其次,通过同源建模和蛋白质结构分析,本着将与底物氨基酸侧链结合的氨基酸残基从亲水性或长链疏水性结构突变成丙氨酸Ala的原则,对I156位点进行了定点突变,以增大底物结合口袋,扩宽底物通遒进而提高4-HIL的产量。最后,对野生酶及突变酶的酶学性质、突变酶的羟基化反应体系进行研究,在最优催化条件下,分批补料转化底物进行4-HIL的生产。酶学性质结果显示,野生酶及突变酶I156A的最适温度均为25℃,最适pH均为7.0;突变酶I156A比酶活比野生酶提高了1.9倍,L-ILe转化率提高了28%。羟基化反应体系的最优转化条件为:20 mmol/L L-ILe,20 mmol/Lα-酮戊二酸,8 mmol/L Fe^(2+),30 mmol/L抗坏血酸和HEPES(50 mmol/L,pH 7.0)缓冲液。在最优转化条件下,重组菌E.coli BL21/pET28a-ido^(I156A)进行分批补料转化底物,时间间隔为4 h,32 h后得到77.3 mmol/L 4-HIL,底物最高转化率98.35%e。

两阶段溶氧控制及FeSO4添加对谷氨酸棒杆菌合成4-羟基异亮氨酸的影响

优化4-羟基异亮氨酸发酵过程中溶氧水平及FeSO4添加量,以提高其发酵水平。结合菌株Corynebacterium glutamicum HIL18及4-羟基异亮氨酸合成特点,首先考察不同溶氧水平及两阶段溶氧控制对4-羟基异亮氨酸发酵的影响。然后考察FeSO4添加对其发酵的作用。20%溶氧有利于4-羟基异亮氨酸的合成。利用两阶段溶氧控制工艺(0~20h、20%溶氧;20~64h、30%溶氧)经64h发酵,4-羟基异亮氨酸产量达到38.7g/L,较未使用该工艺提高11.2%。采用两阶段FeSO4添加策略(初始浓度为65μmol/L、20h添加30μmol/L),4-羟基异亮氨酸的产量达到43.4g/L。采用优化后的工艺使得4-羟基异亮氨酸产量较优化前提高27.3%。获得了4-羟基异亮氨酸发酵过程中两阶段溶氧控制及FeSO4添加工艺。该结果为4-羟基异亮氨酸的高效发酵合成提供参考。

组成型过表达ido基因对4-羟基异亮氨酸合成的影响及其发酵培养基的响应面优化

为考察组成型过表达异亮氨酸羟化酶(isoleucine dioxygenase,IDO)基因ido对4-羟基异亮氨酸合成的影响,构建ido组成型表达质粒pXM01-ido及菌株HIL017,其ido转录量及IDO活性较诱导型过表达菌株HIL016显著提升,4-羟基异亮氨酸产量较HIL016提高19.4%。为进一步提高4-羟基异亮氨酸产量,通过Plackett-Burman试验确定HIL017发酵培养基中玉米浆、谷氨酸和FeSO4·7H2O用量为主要影响因素,利用最陡爬坡试验和响应面法确定其最优用量为玉米浆34.1 mL/L、谷氨酸2.98 g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.016 7 g/L,此时4-羟基异亮氨酸理论产量为5.57 g/L。验证实验结果表明,最佳条件下4-羟基异亮氨酸产量为5.53 g/L,较优化前提高19.7%。

合成4–羟基异亮氨酸的大肠杆菌构建及其催化体系优化

4–羟基异亮氨酸具有血糖水平依赖的促胰岛素分泌特性,是治疗糖尿病的潜在新药.将异亮氨酸羟化酶(isoleucine dioxygenase,IDO)编码基因ido于大肠杆菌(Escherich coli)中表达,获得工程菌株E.coli pET-ido.以该菌株为研究对象,建立和优化了其合成4–羟基异亮氨酸的静息细胞催化体系.结果表明:在最佳条件下(静息细胞27 g/L,L–异亮氨酸250 mmol/L,α–酮戊二酸250 mmol/L,FeSO48 mmol/L,VC 6 mmol/L,反应温度35℃,pH 9.0)反应12 h,4–羟基异亮氨酸产量和转化率分别达到249.6 mmol/L和99.8%,较优化前均提高了34.5%和7.5%.这是目前已报道的生物法合成4–羟基异亮氨酸的最高产量,为推动该化合物的微生物合成奠定了良好的基础.

Fe(Ⅱ)/2-酮戊二酸依赖型双加氧酶重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成4-羟基异亮氨酸

以L-异亮氨酸(L-ILe)为底物,以异源表达Fe(Ⅱ)/2-酮戊二酸依赖型双加氧酶的重组大肠杆菌BL21/pET28a-ido全细胞作为催化剂,催化合成4-羟基异亮氨酸(4-HIL).基于重组异亮氨酸双加氧酶(IDO)催化异亮氨酸羟基化的性质和条件,在摇瓶水平上对辅因子亚铁离子、α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)及底物浓度进行了单因素优化.获得的最佳反应条件为2g/L FeSO4·7H2O,底物与α-KG摩尔比为1∶1,该条件下反应8h可生成190mmol/L4-HIL.结合摇瓶水平的最优条件,在反应器水平上继续对搅拌速度、菌体浓度等进行优化,实现了对高底物浓度下催化反应的连续调控.在50g/L湿菌体及400r/min转速下可一次转化合成400mmol/L 4-HIL,建立了全细胞催化合成4-羟基异亮氨酸的工艺流程.

过表达mqo对重组谷氨酸棒杆菌L-异亮氨酸和4-羟基异亮氨酸合成的影响

4-羟基异亮氨酸(4-hydroxyisoleucine,4-HIL)具有促进胰岛素分泌、降低胰岛素抵抗活性功能,在治疗糖尿病方面有潜在的应用价值。在产L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine,Ile)的谷氨酸棒杆菌SN01菌株中过表达ido基因后可以合成4-HIL。为了促进草酰乙酸的供应和4-HIL合成,在这株重组菌中又过表达了mqo。发酵144 h后,ido-mqo过表达菌的4-HIL产量是(60.86±2.24)mmol/L,低于ido过表达菌(72.06±5.60)mmol/L;但是,Ile的积累量高达(101.39±2.20)mmol/L,显著高于ido过表达菌(5.00±1.43)mmol/L。对ido-mqo过表达菌代谢途径中部分关键基因的RT-PCR分析表明,进入TCA循环的碳流由异柠檬酸裂解酶分流,进入乙醛酸循环,导致4-HIL合成所需的另一底物α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate,α-KG)供应不足和Ile过剩。于是添加α-KG,当添加量为40 mmol/L时,4-HIL的产量提高到(77.7±10.91)mmol/L,Ile到4-HIL的转化率提高到75%。因此,过表达mqo能够促进Ile合成,添加α-KG后能够促进Ile向4-HIL转化,从而提高4-HIL产量。

N-甲基-4-异亮氨酸环孢素通过抑制线粒体通透性转换孔减轻凋亡诱导因子的核易位和细胞凋亡

目的探讨鱼藤酮诱导小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞凋亡的机制,观察环孢素A(cyclosporin A,CsA)衍生物N-甲基-4-异亮氨酸环孢素(N-methyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporin,NIM811)对鱼藤酮诱导的HT22细胞毒性的保护作用。方法使用线粒体复合物Ⅰ抑制剂鱼藤酮培养小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞,使用第3~7代的HT22细胞,分成control组、鱼藤酮组、鱼藤酮+NIM811组和NIM811组。NIM811在鱼藤酮刺激3 h前加入培养基。采用Alamar Blue法检测HT22细胞活性,二氢乙二胺(DHE)荧光探针测定细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的含量,四甲基罗丹明甲酯(tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester,TMRM)测定线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)。鱼藤酮孵育24 h后,提取细胞胞浆和胞核蛋白,Western blot检测细胞核中凋亡诱导因子(apoptosis-inducing factor,AIF)及胞浆中细胞色素C(cytochrome C,cyto C)、caspase-9、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表达。结果鱼藤酮使HT22细胞活力降低至56.26%(P<0.01),细胞明显缩小,核浓缩,细胞周围形成透明圈。ROS产生增加(P<0.05),MMP降低(P<0.01),AIF核易位,并引起线粒体cyto C释放和caspase-9激活,Bax蛋白表达增加(P<0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。NIM811预处理增强了细胞活力,降低了ROS的产生,维持了线粒体膜电位,抑制了AIF核易位,减轻了线粒体cyto C的释放和caspase-9的激活,抑制Bax蛋白表达增加和Bcl-2蛋白表达降低。结论NIM811通过抑制ROS的产生,维持线粒体MMP,抑制线粒体通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)的形成,减少线粒体cyto C的释放,减轻AIF核易位,从而减轻鱼藤酮诱导的HT22细胞凋亡,对帕金森病具有保护作用。

以甘油为碳源发酵高产反式-4-羟脯氨酸菌株的选育及营养优化

以低品级甘油为碳源进行微生物发酵合成反式-4-羟脯氨酸(Trans-4-hydroxy proline,Hyp)的探索。从实验室构建的重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p UC19-ptrp2-Hyp出发,通过易错PCR随机突变和常压室温等离子体复合诱变处理,利用单菌落琼脂块和氨基酸显色相结合高通量筛选出1株以甘油为唯一碳源的Hyp高产菌P71。与葡萄糖培养基相比,该菌株更适合在甘油上生长并转化L-脯氨酸合成Hyp,发酵20 h产Hyp高达1.20g/L,比生长在葡萄糖培养基上高70%以上;比其出发菌株在葡萄糖培养基上产量提高了1倍以上。通过培养基成分系统优化,发现胰蛋白胨、Fe SO4和L-脯氨酸是3大主要影响因素,最适加量分别为7.01 g/L、11.51 g/L和1.41 mmol/L;在该条件下突变菌株摇瓶发酵12 h产Hyp达1.61 g/L,比优化前提高了50%。

披针新月蕨中的两个新黄烷苷

为了研究披针新月蕨的化学成分,采用不同色谱方法进行分离纯化,从披针新月蕨地上部分的正丁醇萃取部位分离得到2个化合物,根据光谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定,分别鉴定为4-′hydroxy pneum atopterin B(I)和6″-O-acetyl triphyllin A(II)。化合物I和II为新化合物。

Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract modulates expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in HepG2 cells

Objective:To investigate anti-dyslipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts,diosgenin,and 4-OH-Ile on HepG2 cell line.Methods:HepG2 cells were treated with hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts,diosgenin,4-OH-Ile,and orlistat.IC20 was calculated using the MTT method.The cells were then pretreated with IC20 concentrations for 24 and 48 h.Real time PCR was employed to measure expression of liver X receptor alpha(LXR a),sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 C(SREBP-1 C),acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC),fatty acid synthase(FAS),fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR γ),and lowdensity lipoprotein receptor(LDLR).Results:The results showed that LXR α(P=0.003,P<0.001).,SREBP-1 C(P<0.001,P<0.001),ACC(P=0.002,P=0.006),and FAS(P<0.001,P<0.001)were downregulated significantly,while FGF21(P<0.001,P<0.001),PPAR γ(P=0.004,P<0.001),and LDLR(P<0.001,P<0.001)were upregulated significantly in HepG2 cells treated with the IC20 of hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts,diosgenin,4-OH-Ile,and orlistat in 24 and 48 h,respectively.Conclusions:Hydroalcoholic fenugreek seed extracts,diosgenin,and 4-OH-Ile significantly modulate the expression of some important lipid metabolism related genes,which is similar to orlistat.Trigonella foenum.-graecum seed extract or its derivatives should be further investigated for their dyslipidemia effects and its complications.

MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF 19-HYDROXY-CHOLESTEROL ACETATE OR 19-HYDROXY-β-SITOSTEROL ACETATE TO △~4-19-HYDROXY ANDROST-3, 17-DIONE

The increasing medicinal importance of 19-norsteroids, particularly for oral contraceptives, has stimulated intensive research to continuously find more economic methods of either partial and total direct synthesis or indirect synthesis via estrone of this class of compound.