This paper presents a novelmulticlass systemdesigned to detect pleural effusion and pulmonary edema on chest Xray images,addressing the critical need for early detection in healthcare.A new comprehensive dataset was f...This paper presents a novelmulticlass systemdesigned to detect pleural effusion and pulmonary edema on chest Xray images,addressing the critical need for early detection in healthcare.A new comprehensive dataset was formed by combining 28,309 samples from the ChestX-ray14,PadChest,and CheXpert databases,with 10,287,6022,and 12,000 samples representing Pleural Effusion,Pulmonary Edema,and Normal cases,respectively.Consequently,the preprocessing step involves applying the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)method to boost the local contrast of the X-ray samples,then resizing the images to 380×380 dimensions,followed by using the data augmentation technique.The classification task employs a deep learning model based on the EfficientNet-V1-B4 architecture and is trained using the AdamW optimizer.The proposed multiclass system achieved an accuracy(ACC)of 98.3%,recall of 98.3%,precision of 98.7%,and F1-score of 98.7%.Moreover,the robustness of the model was revealed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis,which demonstrated an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 1.00 for edema and normal cases and 0.99 for effusion.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposedmulti-class system,which has the potential to assist clinicians in timely and accurate diagnosis,leading to improved patient outcomes.Notably,ablation-CAM visualization at the last convolutional layer portrayed further enhanced diagnostic capabilities with heat maps on X-ray images,which will aid clinicians in interpreting and localizing abnormalities more effectively.展开更多
Isoxazole derivatives were characterized by broad spectrum of biological activities, but the condensed heterocyclic compounds containing isoxazole were scarcely reported. In this paper, we studied the 1,3-dipolar cycl...Isoxazole derivatives were characterized by broad spectrum of biological activities, but the condensed heterocyclic compounds containing isoxazole were scarcely reported. In this paper, we studied the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of p-methoxybenzohydroxamoyl chloride with ethyl sodioacetoacetate to obtain a key intermediate 2. Through compound 2, fifteen novel S-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazines(5a-5e), imidazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles(9a-9e) and imidazolo-1,3,4-oxadiazoles(10a-10e) containing isoxazole, which have potentially useful biological activities, were synthesized. The structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral analysis. And the characteristic data of IR, 1H NMR and MS were explained reasonably.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a novelmulticlass systemdesigned to detect pleural effusion and pulmonary edema on chest Xray images,addressing the critical need for early detection in healthcare.A new comprehensive dataset was formed by combining 28,309 samples from the ChestX-ray14,PadChest,and CheXpert databases,with 10,287,6022,and 12,000 samples representing Pleural Effusion,Pulmonary Edema,and Normal cases,respectively.Consequently,the preprocessing step involves applying the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)method to boost the local contrast of the X-ray samples,then resizing the images to 380×380 dimensions,followed by using the data augmentation technique.The classification task employs a deep learning model based on the EfficientNet-V1-B4 architecture and is trained using the AdamW optimizer.The proposed multiclass system achieved an accuracy(ACC)of 98.3%,recall of 98.3%,precision of 98.7%,and F1-score of 98.7%.Moreover,the robustness of the model was revealed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis,which demonstrated an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 1.00 for edema and normal cases and 0.99 for effusion.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposedmulti-class system,which has the potential to assist clinicians in timely and accurate diagnosis,leading to improved patient outcomes.Notably,ablation-CAM visualization at the last convolutional layer portrayed further enhanced diagnostic capabilities with heat maps on X-ray images,which will aid clinicians in interpreting and localizing abnormalities more effectively.
文摘Isoxazole derivatives were characterized by broad spectrum of biological activities, but the condensed heterocyclic compounds containing isoxazole were scarcely reported. In this paper, we studied the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of p-methoxybenzohydroxamoyl chloride with ethyl sodioacetoacetate to obtain a key intermediate 2. Through compound 2, fifteen novel S-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazines(5a-5e), imidazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles(9a-9e) and imidazolo-1,3,4-oxadiazoles(10a-10e) containing isoxazole, which have potentially useful biological activities, were synthesized. The structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral analysis. And the characteristic data of IR, 1H NMR and MS were explained reasonably.
