Screening for Melanocortin 4 Receptor Mutations in Chinese Extremely Obese Individuals

Accumulating evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are the major international public health concern. Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain cancer. Disease burden due to obesity has been dramatically increasing in many countries including China in the past years. According to the Nationwide Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS）, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men and women in China increased by 27.6% and 8.8%, respectively, from 1993 to 2009.

Significance of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 Overexpression in Cervical Exfoliated-cell Specimens for Primary Screening of HPV-related Cervical Carcinoma

The aim of this study is to investigate cyclin E, pl6ink4a and ki67 as possible diagnostic biomarkers for cervical preneoplasia using cervical exfoliated-cell specimens, and evaluate the significance for screening patients at high risk of de- veloping cervical carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 was examinated in 78 cervical exfoliated epithe- lial specimens diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCIIS) (12 cases), cervical intraepithe- lial neoplasia (CIN) of type 1 (17 cases), CIN2-3(38 cases) and invasive carcinoma (11 cases) using immunohistochemical analysis, and simultaneously, the DNA status of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using type specific primers, cyclin E, pl6ink4a and ki67 were all overexpressed in CINs and invasive carci- noma, compared with little expression in ASCUS ( P < 0.005). Overexpression of cyclin E was observed in CIN1 (94.1 % , x2 = 21.16, P < 0.01), and pl6ink4a and ki67 were overexpressed in invasive carcinoma (100% and 90.9% respective- ly) . The degree of pl6ink4a and ki67 expression correlated well with that of epithelial lesions ( P < 0.005). HPV16/18 infec- tion was assessed in CINs and invasive carcinoma samples, and revealed a significant relationship with the degree of cervical epithelial lession. The expression level of pl6ink4a and ki67 seemed more closely associated with HPV16 infection than that of cyclin E ( r s = 1.0 vs rs = 0 . 4 ) . Only 1 case in CIN, and 4 cases in CIN2-3 of HPV18 positive samples were detected. Therefore no statistical significance was found by statistical analysis. Overexpression of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 in CINs and invasive carcinoma cells demonstrates the potential use of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 as diagnostic biomarkers for HPV-related cervical neoplastic lesions. In addition, this technique can be used for screening patients at high risk of devel- oping cervical carcinoma.

Comparative Study on 4 EIA Kits for Screening Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus in Pooled Sera

Four enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test kits, 1 Canadian product and 3 Chinese products,were used in the comparative study. Each pool consisted of 5 sera, and the 5 single sera were tested as controls. The tests were carried out according to the instructions, keeping the same dilution of each serum in single and pool samples. It was found that with the Canadian kit,the positive and negative results of opled sera had no difference from that of the controls (P>0. 10). In the case of Chinese Yali and Kehua kits, the positive results of pooled sera showed no difference from the controls (P >0. 10), but the optical density (OD) of negative opls were increased (P < 0. 01 ), though quite distant from the cut-off values. In the case of Changzheng kit, the OD of opitive opls were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0. 05 ), and weak positive samples missed the detection. However this problem could be overcome by blocking the microwells beforehand. Our experiment demonstrate that not all EIA test kits are suitable for screening opls for antithey to hepatitis C virus, and that it is important to assess the sensitivity of the EIA kit to be used for this purpose.

Stool DNA methylation assays in colorectal cancer screening

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is fourth most common cancer in men and third in women worldwide. Developing a diagnostic panel of sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection of CRC is recognised as to be crucial for early initial diagnosis, which in turn leads to better long term survival. Most of the research on novel potential CRC biomarkers in the last 2 decades has been focussed on stool DNA analysis. In this paper, we describe the recent advances in non-invasive CRC screening and more specifically in molecular assays for aberrantly methylated BMP3 and NDRG4 promoter regions. In several research papers these markers showed superior rates for sensitivity and specificity in comparison to previously described assays. These tests detected the majority of adenomas ≥ 1 cm in size and the detection rates progressively increased with larger adenomas. The methylation status of the BMP3 and NDRG4 promoters demonstrated effective detection of neoplasms at all sites throughout the colon and was not affected by common clinical variables. Recently, a multitarget stool DNA test consisting of molecular assays for aberrantly methylated BMP3 and NDRG4 promoter regions, mutant KRAS and immunochemical assay for human haemoglobin has been made commercially available and is currently reimbursed in the United States. Although this is the most sensitive noninvasive CRC screening test, there is the need for further research in several areas- establishment of the best timeframe for repeated DNA stool testing; validation of the results in populations outside of North America; usefulness for surveillance and prognosis of patients; cost-effectiveness of DNA stool testing in real-life populations.

High-throughput computational screening and design of nanoporous materials for methane storage and carbon dioxide capture

The globally increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmosphere after combustion of coal-or petroleum-based fuels give rise to tremendous interest in searching for porous materials to efficiently capture carbon dioxide(CO_2) and store methane(CH4), where the latter is a kind of clean energy source with abundant reserves and lower CO_2 emission. Hundreds of thousands of porous materials can be enrolled on the candidate list, but how to quickly identify the really promising ones, or even evolve materials(namely, rational design high-performing candidates) based on the large database of present porous materials? In this context, high-throughput computational techniques, which have emerged in the past few years as powerful tools, make the targets of fast evaluation of adsorbents and evolving materials for CO_2 capture and CH_4 storage feasible. This review provides an overview of the recent computational efforts on such related topics and discusses the further development in this field.

副猪嗜血杆菌4型灭活疫苗攻毒菌株的筛选

为筛选副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)4型攻毒菌株,对8株HPS进行血清型鉴定,并绘制细菌生长曲线;用豚鼠攻毒实验对其中5个菌株进行毒力测定,同时记录发病豚鼠的临床症状和剖检病变。结果显示8个菌株均为HPS4型,确定了候选菌株的最佳扩大培养时间为8~10h,筛选出毒力最强的CVCC4355。本研究确定CVCC4355可作为HPS4型疫苗产品效力检验的攻毒菌株。

产4-乙烯基愈创木酚酵母的筛选、鉴定及其在酱油中的应用

该研究从传统酱油发酵醪中筛选产4-乙烯基愈创木酚酵母,通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,同时,研究其耐盐性能,并将其应用于酱油生产中。结果表明,分离筛选得到1株可代谢合成4-乙烯基愈创木酚的酵母L9-1,经鉴定,其为伯顿丝孢毕赤酵母(Hyphopichia burtonii)。菌株L9-1可耐受18%Na Cl,能够在酱醪发酵液中正常生长代谢,并合成4-乙烯基愈创木酚。在添加50 mg/L阿魏酸时,接种菌株L9-1可将酱醪发酵液中的4-乙烯基愈创木酚含量提高36.2倍,可显著提高总酸含量(P<0.05),显著降低pH和还原糖含量(P<0.05),但对氨基酸态氮和盐分影响不显著(P>0.05)。将4-乙烯基愈创木酚强化的酱醪发酵液添加到成品酱油中,可改善酱油酱香、醇香、焦香和综合香气,一定程度提升酱油厚味和综合口感并缓和咸味,表明菌株L9-1在改善酱油风味和品质方面具有广阔应用前景。

产4-乙烯基愈创木酚菌种的筛选及在浓香型白酒生产中的应用研究

4-乙烯基愈创木酚是决定白酒、啤酒、葡萄酒和酱油等产品风味的重要物质。本研究筛选产4-乙烯基愈创木酚的功能菌,以期对白酒中4-乙烯基愈创木酚的含量及比例进行调控,进而提升白酒的风味物质。结果表明,筛选所得的菌株GX5产4-乙烯基愈创木酚表现良好,对其进行扩大培养,制备成麸曲,进行产4-乙烯基愈创木酚菌种在浓香型白酒生产中的应用试验,试验产酒含有较高含量的4-乙烯基愈创木酚,同时提高了酒体的焦香风味。该菌株的筛选及应用,在保持浓香型风格的基础上,进一步丰富了白酒的风味物质组成,提升了白酒的香气特征,优化了原酒品质。

低温条件下1，2，4-三氯苯降解菌的筛选及降解特性

在10℃的低温条件下，从吉林石化化工厂排污管和长春第一汽车制造厂污水处理厂的混合污泥中驯化并分离出10株能以1，2，4-三氯苯（1，2，4-TCB）为唯-碳源的降解菌株，通过筛选得到6株高效1，2，4-TCB降解菌株．以6株菌的混合菌为研究对象，考察其对1，2，4～TCB的降解特性．结果表明，混合菌在以葡萄糖为辅助碳源，硫脲为氮源，pH为7．0，盐度为2．0％，溶液体积100mL的条件下对1，2，4-TCB的降解效果最佳，且添加辅助碳源对1，2，4-TCB的降解有一定的促进作用．根据菌种的生理生化特征对降解菌进行初步鉴定，结果表明，6株菌分别属于弧菌属（Vibrio sp．），奈瑟氏球菌属（Neisseria sp．），螺菌属（Spirillum sp．），无色细菌属（Achromobacter sp．），醋酸单胞菌属（Acetobacter sp．）和节细菌属（Archrobacter sp．）．

森登-4汤治疗骨性关节炎的靶点筛选及验证

目的筛选并验证森登-4汤治疗骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的作用靶点。方法运用网络药理学方法中TCMSP、PubChem等数据库及Swiss target predictionn平台,获得森登-4汤的化合物信息,运用DISgeNET、PharmGkb、OMIM、NCBI等数据库,获OA疾病相关靶点基因。以Merge工具构建“森登-4汤活性成分-靶点-通路”网络图,筛选靶点蛋白。建立家兔OA模型并给予森登-4汤灌胃治疗,采用蛋白质免疫印迹法(western blot,WB)检测家兔膝关节软骨组织基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase9,MMP9)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase13,MMP13)蛋白表达。结果通过本研究筛得森登-4治疗OA的13个靶点蛋白,通过WB法对其中MMP9、MMP13蛋白进行验证分析,结果表明,森登-4汤显著下调MMP9、MMP13蛋白表达,与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论筛选了森登-4汤治疗OA的相关靶点。验证了网络药理学与分子生物学方法的一致性,阐明了森登-4汤通过调节MMP9、MMP13等蛋白达到治疗OA的机理所在。

基于MPEG-4的高效屏幕编/解码器的设计与实现

随着计算机和通信技术的发展,屏幕共享技术越来越得到人们的重视。特别是在视频会议和远程教育这样的应用中,屏幕数据作为一个必不可少的“源”,其重要性已经超过了视频数据。屏幕共享技术中最核心的问题就是对屏幕数据的编码,该文根据屏幕数据的特点,借鉴了MPEG-4的思想,设计并实现了一个高效的屏幕编/解码器。

外周血DNA TUSC4基因缺失在大肠癌分子筛查及早期诊断中的应用

目的:探讨外周血DNA中肿瘤抑制候选基因4(tumor suppressor candidate4,TUSC4)缺失在大肠癌的筛查与早期诊断中的意义.方法:采集外周静脉血标本238例,分为结肠镜正常组(117例),腺瘤型息肉组(38例)和大肠癌组(83例),应用PCR法检测TUSC4基因表达及缺失情况.同时检测各组血浆CEA、CA19-9水平.结果:结肠镜正常组TUSC4阴性率14.5%,腺瘤型息肉组阴性率44.7%,大肠癌组阴性率77.1%,3组之间均有统计学差异(P=0.000).TUSC4阴性在诊断腺瘤型息肉的敏感度为44.7%(95%CI28.9%-60.5%),特异度85.5%(95%CI79.1%-91.9%),PPV为50.0%(95%CI33.2%-66.8%),NPV为82.6%(95%CI75.8%-89.4%).TUSC4阴性在诊断大肠癌的敏感度为77.1%(95%CI68.1%-86.1%),特异度为85.5%(95%CI79.1%-91.9%),PPV为79.0%(95%CI70.1%-87.9%),NPV为84.0%(95%CI77.4%-90.6%).TUSC4基因缺失与大肠癌发生部位、分化程度及Dukes分期无关.TUSC4阴性在诊断大肠癌时与CEA、CA19-9相比较,其特异度和PPV无统计学差异(P>0.05),其敏感度和NPV明显高于CEA和CA19-9(P=0.000).结论:大肠癌患者外周血DNA中TUSC4基因出现明显缺失,在诊断大肠癌时其敏感度明显高于CEA和CA19-9,在大肠癌的分子筛查和分子诊断中具有一定应用价值.

星形胶质细胞形态学观察在高通量药物筛选水通道蛋白4抑制剂中的应用

目的：探讨星形胶质细胞形态学观察在高通量药物筛选水通道蛋白4（AQP4）抑制剂中的应用，为脑水肿和其他水转运障碍疾病的治疗提供理论依据。方法：应用药物库和原代培养的人星形胶质细胞，以AQP4 siRNA转染细胞后的形态学改变和阻抑蛋白表达作参照，观察药物对星形胶质细胞形态学改变的影响，Western blot方法检测能明显改变细胞形态的靶药物对AQP4蛋白表达的影响，并测定靶药物作用剂量下细胞ATP活性。结果：洛伐他汀、胍那苄和米安色林在12～24h内能明显改变人星形胶质细胞形态，减低AQP4蛋白表达，与AQP4的siRNA转染细胞4d后的形态改变和蛋白阻滞效果类似，靶药物作用剂量下对细胞ATP活性无影响。结论：星形胶质细胞的形态学观察可作为大规模药物筛选的初步指标，本研究筛选出的靶药物可能是潜在的AQP4抑制剂。

耐热β-1,3(4)-葡聚糖酶源真菌筛选、鉴定及产酶条件优化

利用葡聚糖作为唯一碳源的基础盐培养,在50℃培养条件下,从新乡周围土样及腐殖质中筛选到一株产β-1,3(4)-葡聚糖酶耐热真菌菌株(Paecilomycessp.FLH30)。该菌株在40～60℃能较好生长,最适生长温度45℃。产酶培养优化条件表明:在培养温度为45℃,初始培养基pH6.5,以大麦麸皮为碳源,以蛋白胨、酵母粉和玉米浆为有机氮源,发酵4d,葡聚糖酶活达132.4U/mL,葡聚糖酶最适pH和温度分别为7.0和70℃。

2,4-二氯酚高效降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究

以2,4-二氯酚(DCP)为选择物,分离得到了3株高效降解菌,其降解率分别为63.2%,57.1%和47.4%,经鉴定,3株高效降解菌都属于芽孢杆菌属。通过对其降解性能的研究后发现:外加碳源可提高微生物的降解能力,L14与L18混合培养,降解率可达74.4%。

20% 4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂的研制

[目的]确定20%4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂(WP)最佳配方。[方法]以载体、润湿剂、分散剂为影响因素,筛选20%4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂的最佳配方,并对研制的20%4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂各项性能进行测定。[结果]20%4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂的最佳配方为:以硅藻土为载体,用量为71%;以比例为2∶1的十二烷基硫酸钠、拉开粉为润湿剂,用量为3%;以木质素磺酸钠为分散剂,用量为6%。用该配方研制的20%4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂的悬浮率、润湿时间、细度、热贮稳定性等各项指标均符合可湿性粉剂标准的要求。[结论]为4-乙氧基苯甲醛缩氨脲可湿性粉剂的开发应用研究奠定了基础,为其他缩氨基脲类农药的制剂研究提供了参考。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测保健食品中4-甲基咪唑含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中4-甲基咪唑含量的分析方法。方法样品采用90%乙腈水溶液超声提取后,提取液经过Waters BEH Hilic色谱柱,根据亲水作用色谱原理分离待测物,以0.1%甲酸乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相洗脱,正离子电喷雾离子化,多反应监测模式检测,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)对样品进行分析。结果该方法用于4-甲基咪唑检测时,专属性、精密度和样品稳定性良好,线性范围在0.11~1.7ng/mL之间,相关系数r为0.9998;加标回收率在94.16%~116.1%之间,方法准确性良好;检出限为1 ng/g,定量限为3 ng/g,方法灵敏度较好。样品中检出4-甲基咪唑,含量在12.4~14.9 ng/g之间。结论该方法专属性强,准确性好,灵敏度高,适用于保健品中4-甲基咪唑的筛查和测定。

电化学免疫传感器检测人附睾蛋白4的新方法

目的建立一种基于石墨烯和纳米金粒子自组装纳米复合物检测卵巢癌患者血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)的电化学免疫检测新方法。方法将石墨烯和纳米金粒子复合物组装在丝网印刷电极(SPE)表面,利用纳米金粒子比表面积大和石墨烯电子传导速率快等特点,将大量的HE4一抗吸附在纳米金表面,继而结合大量抗原。根据双抗体夹心法原理,大量的辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗体也与抗原结合,利用辣根过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢(H2O2)产生的电流信号测定HE4水平。结果新建传感器检测HE4的范围是0~400 pmol/L,检出限(LOD)是0.5 pmol/L。结论所建方法可用于早期评估受检者患卵巢癌的风险,是临床早期诊断卵巢癌快速、简便的新方法。

埕北30-4井完井技术

埕北 30 - 4井是一口海上生产井 ,首次采用 KO- 13Cr80 / L TC筛管完井 ,首次在两段筛管中间用水泥胀封封隔器 ,为达到工程设计要求 ,还同时使用了悬挂器和分级箍。介绍了该井的完井方案、主要技术难点、施工概况以及两套特殊胀封工具的特点和使用情况 ,为类似井完井探索了一条新路。

4排螺旋CT在腹部创伤的诊断(196例分析)

目的:为了对腹部创伤病人的临床治疗提供有用信息,回顾性分析了196例腹部创伤病人的CT表现。方法:全部病例均作了CT扫描,范围从膈顶至肾脏下极。结果:腹部创伤以实质脏器撕裂伤和挫伤为多,其次为包膜下血肿及实质内血肿。腹膜后血肿往往合并于肾脏损伤。腹腔积血主要分布于肝脾周、双侧结肠旁沟、Morison囊。经增强扫描证实肝左动脉及左肾动脉损伤各2例。结论:CT扫描对于确定损伤脏器、腹腔积血量及腹膜后血肿定位极为准确,可为临床诊断和治疗提供重要信息。