2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with oc...2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.展开更多
Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection w...Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection with a high dose (1.2 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces mouse peripheral noninflammatory obesity. In contrast, HFD-combined intraperitoneal injection with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of LPS induces mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity. While the noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- related genes are globally upregulated in HFD + low-dose LPS mice, NIDDM and NAFLD genes are not extensively upregulated in HFD + high-dose LPS mice. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dini- trophenol (DNP) in the dosage of 16 mg/kg was found to exert a weight-reducing effect in obese mice by compromising NF-κB-primed inflammatory responses, thereby down regulating NIDDM and NAFLD genes. Conclusively, mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity that predisposes NIDDM and NAFLD can be ameliorated by DNP via anti-inflammation.展开更多
Based on the full optimized molecular geometrical structures at the DFT-B3LYP/6- 311＋G^＊＊ level, there exists intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction for cyclic 2-diazo- 4,6-dinitrophenol. The assigned infrared sp...Based on the full optimized molecular geometrical structures at the DFT-B3LYP/6- 311＋G^＊＊ level, there exists intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction for cyclic 2-diazo- 4,6-dinitrophenol. The assigned infrared spectrum is obtained and used to compute the thermodynamic properties. The results show that there are four main characteristic regions in the calculated IR spectra of the title compound. The detonation velocities and pressures are also evaluated by using Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the calculated density and condensed phase heat of formation. Thermal stability and the pyrolysis mechanism of 2- diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol are investigated by calculating the bond dissociation energies at the B3LYP/6-311＋G^＊＊ level.展开更多
为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序...为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序计算了TNT/CL-20,DNP/CL-20混合炸药的爆轰参数。结果表明,DNP热分解过程主要分为吡唑环断裂和硝基脱环、自催化加速反应两个阶段,热分解表观活化能为131 k J·mol-1;DNP爆热、爆速分别为4326 k J·Kg^(-1)、7633 m·s^(-1),计算得出DNP/CL-20混合炸药爆轰性能明显优于TNT/CL-20混合炸药,当DNP/CL-20=2∶3(质量比)时,计算爆压为39.4 GPa,爆速为8961 m·s^(-1)。展开更多
Two novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),JLU-MOF130([In(NH2−BDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF·H2O,NH2−H2BDC=2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid,1H−Imi=1H-imidazole,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)and JLU-MOF131([In(1,4-NDC)...Two novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),JLU-MOF130([In(NH2−BDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF·H2O,NH2−H2BDC=2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid,1H−Imi=1H-imidazole,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)and JLU-MOF131([In(1,4-NDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF0.5,1,4-H_(2)NDC=1,4-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid),were synthesized.JLU-MOF130 features a three-dimensional(3D)architecture with a neb topology.JLU-MOF131 is characterized by a two-dimensional(2D)structure with an sql topology.JLU-MOF130 has excellent fluorescence detection performance towards Fe^(3+),2,4-dinitrophenol(2,4-DNP),and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP),but the fluorescence detection performance of JLU-MOF131 is further improved by converting NH2−H2BDC to more conjugated 1,4-H_(2)NDC.The Stern-Volmer(SV)quenching constant(KSV)values of JLU-MOF130 sensing 2,4-DNP,TNP,and Fe^(3+)are 5.24×10^(4),4.44×10^(4),and 4.73×10^(3) L/mol,respectively.The corresponding limit of detection(LOD)values are 1.17,1.36,and 14.59µmol/L.The KSV values for JLU-MOF131 are 1.26×10^(5),9.02×10^(4),and 8.48×103 L/mol,and the corresponding LOD values are 0.35,0.42,and 3.60µmol/L,respectively.interestingly,the emission wavelengths of the two MOFs obviously shift as the fluorescence emission intensities decrease upon the addition of 2,4-DNP and TNP,which can be applied in selective detection.展开更多
A ternary composite of TiO2 and a SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel with good photocatalytic activity was prepared by a simple sol-gel method with TiO2 nanoparticles and SiO2-Al2O3 aerogels derived from industrial fly ash.The struct...A ternary composite of TiO2 and a SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel with good photocatalytic activity was prepared by a simple sol-gel method with TiO2 nanoparticles and SiO2-Al2O3 aerogels derived from industrial fly ash.The structural features of the TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel composite were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,gas adsorption measurements and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy.The optimal conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol（DNBP],included an initial DNBP concentration of 0.167 mmol/L at pH = 4.86 with a catalyst concentration of 6 g/L,under visible light irradiation for 5 h.A plausible mechanism is proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of DNBP.Our composite showed higher photocatalytic activity for DNBP degradation than that of pure TiO2.This indicates that this material can serve as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater.展开更多
Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were se...Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were sent to our hospital.Two died within 3 h after admission,while the other 14 responded to supportive treatment and he-moperfusion.Clinical features and treatment of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and presented.Results:Fourteen patients recovered and were discharged after four to six weeks of treatment.No obvious poisoning sequelae were found in the three-month follow-up.Conclusions:Non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol is toxic.Hemoperfusion and glucocorticoid treatments may be efficient measures to prevent mortality,but this requires further study.展开更多
A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples....A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples. The 2,4-dinitrophenol imprinted polymers exhibited highly selective recognition for the template molecule and the maximum adsorption capacity was 138.9 mg/g. The results indicated that when water is used as the loading solution, only 2,4-dinitrophenol could be adsorbed on the spin column without the remaining structural analogs（2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol）. After eluting with acetonitrile/acetic acid（9/1, v/v）, 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples could be determined by using the fluorescence spectrometer, based on the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein by the template molecule. Under the optimal conditions, the spiked recovery ranged from 95.8% to 103.4% and the detection limit was 1 nmol/L. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performa...OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) at the positive ion mode scanning, and experimental data were analyzed by the principal component analysis. RESULTS: Eight potential biomarkers indicating the occurrence and evolvement of fever were determined according to ions in urine samples. Five of them were found increased, while the other three decreased. After HLJDD intervention, the increased five were reduced significantly in high dose group, compared with model group, while the decreased three had no obvious change. Five of the eight biomakers were identified with formyl-5-hy-droxykynurenamine, gentisic acid, aminoadipic acid, phenylacetic acid, L-phenylalanyl-L-hydroxyproline on the basis of MS/MS.These biomarkers are associated with the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine and collagen protein, respectively. CONCLUSION: HLJDT had significant effect on DNP-induced fever in rats. The effect was performed possibly by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine in hypothalamus and some amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that HLJDT relieved fever by acting on multi-targets.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and ...OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and the electric current was measured.Mitochondrial-affecting chemicals,2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP)and resveratrol(RVT),were used to induce proton leakage in cells and their effect on current production observed.MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited higher proton leakage relative tonormal liver cells.A mouse model for Qi-deficiency was prepared according to the Methodology of Animal Experiment in Chinese medicine.The Qi-tonics Buzhongyiqi Tang(BZYQT),which is used to treat the Qi-deficiency condition,was applied to Qi-deficient liver cells to examine how current production was altered.RESULTS:Adding either DNP or RVT to normal liver cells increased current production.MCF-7 cells that possessed high proton leakage were also found to produce higher currents than normal liver cells.Higher current production,lower cellular glucose content,and lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production rate were found in Qi-deficient liver cells,in which the use of DNP or RVT further increased current production.The use of BZYQT to treat Qi-deficient liver cells decreased current production,counteracted the action of DNP,and also improved cellular glucose content.CONCLUSION:High electric current production was found in liver cells with high cellular proton leakage.Positive current responses to both mitochondria-affecting chemicals,DNP and RVT,appeared to indicate proper mitochondrial function.The high proton leakage detected in Qi-deficient liver cells might have caused high energy losses,which served to explain the observed lower cellular glucose content and ATP production rate than in normal cells.These results might also explain the exhibited syndromes of low energy and fatigue in Qi-deficient patients.Proton leakage,induced by DNP or the Qi-deficient condition,was possibly caused by unusual uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and appeared to be inhibited by treatment with BZYQT,such that decreased current pro-duction was observed after BZYQT treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province for Beneficial Technology Research of Social Development(2011C23013)
文摘2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.
文摘Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection with a high dose (1.2 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces mouse peripheral noninflammatory obesity. In contrast, HFD-combined intraperitoneal injection with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of LPS induces mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity. While the noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- related genes are globally upregulated in HFD + low-dose LPS mice, NIDDM and NAFLD genes are not extensively upregulated in HFD + high-dose LPS mice. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dini- trophenol (DNP) in the dosage of 16 mg/kg was found to exert a weight-reducing effect in obese mice by compromising NF-κB-primed inflammatory responses, thereby down regulating NIDDM and NAFLD genes. Conclusively, mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity that predisposes NIDDM and NAFLD can be ameliorated by DNP via anti-inflammation.
文摘Based on the full optimized molecular geometrical structures at the DFT-B3LYP/6- 311＋G^＊＊ level, there exists intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction for cyclic 2-diazo- 4,6-dinitrophenol. The assigned infrared spectrum is obtained and used to compute the thermodynamic properties. The results show that there are four main characteristic regions in the calculated IR spectra of the title compound. The detonation velocities and pressures are also evaluated by using Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the calculated density and condensed phase heat of formation. Thermal stability and the pyrolysis mechanism of 2- diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol are investigated by calculating the bond dissociation energies at the B3LYP/6-311＋G^＊＊ level.
文摘为了探究3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)替代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体的可行性,采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计及DTA/TG热分析仪器对其结构进行了表征,利用氧弹量热仪、电测法分别测试了DNP爆热、爆速,并应用VLW程序计算了TNT/CL-20,DNP/CL-20混合炸药的爆轰参数。结果表明,DNP热分解过程主要分为吡唑环断裂和硝基脱环、自催化加速反应两个阶段,热分解表观活化能为131 k J·mol-1;DNP爆热、爆速分别为4326 k J·Kg^(-1)、7633 m·s^(-1),计算得出DNP/CL-20混合炸药爆轰性能明显优于TNT/CL-20混合炸药,当DNP/CL-20=2∶3(质量比)时,计算爆压为39.4 GPa,爆速为8961 m·s^(-1)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22171100,22288101)and the“111”Project of China(No.B17020).
文摘Two novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),JLU-MOF130([In(NH2−BDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF·H2O,NH2−H2BDC=2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid,1H−Imi=1H-imidazole,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)and JLU-MOF131([In(1,4-NDC)(Imi)(1H−Imi)]·DMF0.5,1,4-H_(2)NDC=1,4-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid),were synthesized.JLU-MOF130 features a three-dimensional(3D)architecture with a neb topology.JLU-MOF131 is characterized by a two-dimensional(2D)structure with an sql topology.JLU-MOF130 has excellent fluorescence detection performance towards Fe^(3+),2,4-dinitrophenol(2,4-DNP),and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP),but the fluorescence detection performance of JLU-MOF131 is further improved by converting NH2−H2BDC to more conjugated 1,4-H_(2)NDC.The Stern-Volmer(SV)quenching constant(KSV)values of JLU-MOF130 sensing 2,4-DNP,TNP,and Fe^(3+)are 5.24×10^(4),4.44×10^(4),and 4.73×10^(3) L/mol,respectively.The corresponding limit of detection(LOD)values are 1.17,1.36,and 14.59µmol/L.The KSV values for JLU-MOF131 are 1.26×10^(5),9.02×10^(4),and 8.48×103 L/mol,and the corresponding LOD values are 0.35,0.42,and 3.60µmol/L,respectively.interestingly,the emission wavelengths of the two MOFs obviously shift as the fluorescence emission intensities decrease upon the addition of 2,4-DNP and TNP,which can be applied in selective detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21377018)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2013020116)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT15ZD240)~~
文摘A ternary composite of TiO2 and a SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel with good photocatalytic activity was prepared by a simple sol-gel method with TiO2 nanoparticles and SiO2-Al2O3 aerogels derived from industrial fly ash.The structural features of the TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel composite were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,gas adsorption measurements and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy.The optimal conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol（DNBP],included an initial DNBP concentration of 0.167 mmol/L at pH = 4.86 with a catalyst concentration of 6 g/L,under visible light irradiation for 5 h.A plausible mechanism is proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of DNBP.Our composite showed higher photocatalytic activity for DNBP degradation than that of pure TiO2.This indicates that this material can serve as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater.
文摘Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were sent to our hospital.Two died within 3 h after admission,while the other 14 responded to supportive treatment and he-moperfusion.Clinical features and treatment of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and presented.Results:Fourteen patients recovered and were discharged after four to six weeks of treatment.No obvious poisoning sequelae were found in the three-month follow-up.Conclusions:Non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol is toxic.Hemoperfusion and glucocorticoid treatments may be efficient measures to prevent mortality,but this requires further study.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-Year Plan of China(No.2009BADB9B02)
文摘A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples. The 2,4-dinitrophenol imprinted polymers exhibited highly selective recognition for the template molecule and the maximum adsorption capacity was 138.9 mg/g. The results indicated that when water is used as the loading solution, only 2,4-dinitrophenol could be adsorbed on the spin column without the remaining structural analogs（2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol）. After eluting with acetonitrile/acetic acid（9/1, v/v）, 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples could be determined by using the fluorescence spectrometer, based on the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein by the template molecule. Under the optimal conditions, the spiked recovery ranged from 95.8% to 103.4% and the detection limit was 1 nmol/L. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB512608)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) at the positive ion mode scanning, and experimental data were analyzed by the principal component analysis. RESULTS: Eight potential biomarkers indicating the occurrence and evolvement of fever were determined according to ions in urine samples. Five of them were found increased, while the other three decreased. After HLJDD intervention, the increased five were reduced significantly in high dose group, compared with model group, while the decreased three had no obvious change. Five of the eight biomakers were identified with formyl-5-hy-droxykynurenamine, gentisic acid, aminoadipic acid, phenylacetic acid, L-phenylalanyl-L-hydroxyproline on the basis of MS/MS.These biomarkers are associated with the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine and collagen protein, respectively. CONCLUSION: HLJDT had significant effect on DNP-induced fever in rats. The effect was performed possibly by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine in hypothalamus and some amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that HLJDT relieved fever by acting on multi-targets.
基金Supported by College Research Grant of Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College(To Investigate the Effect of Chinese Medicine on Proton Leakage of Cells and its Potential Therapeutic Applications,No.R201406)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and the electric current was measured.Mitochondrial-affecting chemicals,2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP)and resveratrol(RVT),were used to induce proton leakage in cells and their effect on current production observed.MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited higher proton leakage relative tonormal liver cells.A mouse model for Qi-deficiency was prepared according to the Methodology of Animal Experiment in Chinese medicine.The Qi-tonics Buzhongyiqi Tang(BZYQT),which is used to treat the Qi-deficiency condition,was applied to Qi-deficient liver cells to examine how current production was altered.RESULTS:Adding either DNP or RVT to normal liver cells increased current production.MCF-7 cells that possessed high proton leakage were also found to produce higher currents than normal liver cells.Higher current production,lower cellular glucose content,and lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production rate were found in Qi-deficient liver cells,in which the use of DNP or RVT further increased current production.The use of BZYQT to treat Qi-deficient liver cells decreased current production,counteracted the action of DNP,and also improved cellular glucose content.CONCLUSION:High electric current production was found in liver cells with high cellular proton leakage.Positive current responses to both mitochondria-affecting chemicals,DNP and RVT,appeared to indicate proper mitochondrial function.The high proton leakage detected in Qi-deficient liver cells might have caused high energy losses,which served to explain the observed lower cellular glucose content and ATP production rate than in normal cells.These results might also explain the exhibited syndromes of low energy and fatigue in Qi-deficient patients.Proton leakage,induced by DNP or the Qi-deficient condition,was possibly caused by unusual uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and appeared to be inhibited by treatment with BZYQT,such that decreased current pro-duction was observed after BZYQT treatment.
