This paper studies urban waterlog_draining decision support system based on the 4D data fusion technique.4D data includes DEM,DOQ,DLG and DRG.It supplies entire databases for waterlog forecast and analysis together wi...This paper studies urban waterlog_draining decision support system based on the 4D data fusion technique.4D data includes DEM,DOQ,DLG and DRG.It supplies entire databases for waterlog forecast and analysis together with non_spatial fundamental database.Data composition and reasoning are two key steps of 4D data fusion.Finally,this paper gives a real case: Ezhou Waterlog_Draining Decision Support System (EWDSS) with two application models,i.e.,DEM application model,water generating and draining model.展开更多
目前智能空调的研究主要基于视觉或红外传感器,基于单个4D毫米波雷达的相对较少。采用单个4D毫米波雷达传感器采集数据,根据不同目标反射点位置的不同提出了密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSC...目前智能空调的研究主要基于视觉或红外传感器,基于单个4D毫米波雷达的相对较少。采用单个4D毫米波雷达传感器采集数据,根据不同目标反射点位置的不同提出了密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSCAN)算法实现目标的聚类识别,并与K均值(K-means)聚类算法进行了效果对比。针对多目标跟踪问题,设计了一种基于联合概率数据关联算法(Joint Probabilistic Data Association,JPDA)和卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter,KF)的目标跟踪算法,从而实现多目标的匹配和跟踪。将所研究的算法应用到4D毫米波雷达系统,并在室内采集了行人目标数据,分析对比实际场景和算法跟踪效果,误差大约在8 cm内,准确率可达91.8%。结果表明:该算法可以较好地实现多目标跟踪,可用于智能空调中。展开更多
The four-dimensional variational （4D-Var） data assimilation systems used in most operational and research centers use initial condition increments as control variables and adjust initial increments to find optimal a...The four-dimensional variational （4D-Var） data assimilation systems used in most operational and research centers use initial condition increments as control variables and adjust initial increments to find optimal analysis solutions. This approach may sometimes create discontinuities in analysis fields and produce undesirable spin ups and spin downs. This study explores using incremental analysis updates （IAU） in 4D-Var to reduce the analysis discontinuities. IAU-based 4D-Var has almost the same mathematical formula as conventional 4D-Var if the initial condition increments are replaced with time-integrated increments as control variables. The IAU technique was implemented in the NASA/GSFC 4D-Var prototype and compared against a control run without IAU. The results showed that the initial precipitation spikes were removed and that other discontinuities were also reduced, especially for the analysis of surface temperature.展开更多
肺4D-CT在肺癌放射治疗中发挥着重要的作用,但肺4D-CT数据层间的分辨率低,导致每个相位3D数据的肺冠矢状面均为低分辨率图像。本研究提出一种基于运动估计的超分辨率重建技术,以提高3D数据的冠矢状面图像分辨率。首先,分析图像退化模型...肺4D-CT在肺癌放射治疗中发挥着重要的作用,但肺4D-CT数据层间的分辨率低,导致每个相位3D数据的肺冠矢状面均为低分辨率图像。本研究提出一种基于运动估计的超分辨率重建技术,以提高3D数据的冠矢状面图像分辨率。首先,分析图像退化模型;然后,采用基于完全搜索块匹配的运动估计法,估计出不同"帧"肺冠矢状面图像之间的运动场;最后,以此运动场为基础,采用迭代反投影法(IBP),重建高分辨率的肺部冠矢状面图像。使用一个公共可用的数据集来评价所提出的算法,该数据集由10组肺4D-CT数据组成,每组数据包含10个相位。在每组图像中,选取不同相位的冠矢状面图像进行实验。结果表明,与传统的插值方法(如最近邻插值、双线性插值法)相比,图像边缘宽度均显著降低(最近邻插值9.93±0.59,双线性插值8.04±0.69,新算法5.41±0.60,P<0.001);较双线性插值,图像平均梯度显著提高(5.41±0.59 vs 7.49±0.75,P<0.001),新方法不仅能获得视觉上清晰的图像,而且量化评价指标也有明显提高。主观和客观实验结果表明,所提出的新方法能有效提高肺4D-CT冠矢状面图像的分辨率。展开更多
未来ATC的发展是以航迹为对象从管制意图出发并配备相应的间隔,实时动态地掌握航空器与航空器之间的位置;依据美国Next-Gen空中交通管理系统的4D航迹应用规划,针对4D航迹的数据内容借助UML和XML Schema完成了4D航迹的数据建模,并给出了4...未来ATC的发展是以航迹为对象从管制意图出发并配备相应的间隔,实时动态地掌握航空器与航空器之间的位置;依据美国Next-Gen空中交通管理系统的4D航迹应用规划,针对4D航迹的数据内容借助UML和XML Schema完成了4D航迹的数据建模,并给出了4D航迹互操作模式下的发布订阅模型;通过对该模型的QoS(quality of service)数据同步的分析,可有效地规范4D航迹互操作模式下的数据交换。展开更多
Large biases exist in real-time ENSO prediction, which can be attributed to uncertainties in initial conditions and model parameters. Previously, a 4D variational （4D-Vat） data assimilation system was developed for ...Large biases exist in real-time ENSO prediction, which can be attributed to uncertainties in initial conditions and model parameters. Previously, a 4D variational （4D-Vat） data assimilation system was developed for an intermediate coupled model （ICM） and used to improve ENSO modeling through optimized initial conditions. In this paper, this system is further applied to optimize model parameters. In the ICM used, one important process for ENSO is related to the anomalous temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer （Te）, which is empirically and explicitly related to sea level （SL） variation. The strength of the thermocline effect on SST （referred to simply as ＂the thermocline effect＂） is represented by an introduced parameter, （l＇Te. A numerical procedure is developed to optimize this model parameter through the 4D-Var assimilation of SST data in a twin experiment context with an idealized setting. Experiments having their initial condition optimized only, and having their initial condition plus this additional model parameter optimized, are compared. It is shown that ENSO evolution can be more effectively recovered by including the additional optimization of this parameter in ENSO modeling. The demonstrated feasibility of optimizing model parameters and initial conditions together through the 4D-Var method provides a modeling platform for ENSO studies. Further applications of the 4D-Vat data assimilation system implemented in the ICM are also discussed.展开更多
文摘This paper studies urban waterlog_draining decision support system based on the 4D data fusion technique.4D data includes DEM,DOQ,DLG and DRG.It supplies entire databases for waterlog forecast and analysis together with non_spatial fundamental database.Data composition and reasoning are two key steps of 4D data fusion.Finally,this paper gives a real case: Ezhou Waterlog_Draining Decision Support System (EWDSS) with two application models,i.e.,DEM application model,water generating and draining model.
文摘目前智能空调的研究主要基于视觉或红外传感器,基于单个4D毫米波雷达的相对较少。采用单个4D毫米波雷达传感器采集数据,根据不同目标反射点位置的不同提出了密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSCAN)算法实现目标的聚类识别,并与K均值(K-means)聚类算法进行了效果对比。针对多目标跟踪问题,设计了一种基于联合概率数据关联算法(Joint Probabilistic Data Association,JPDA)和卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter,KF)的目标跟踪算法,从而实现多目标的匹配和跟踪。将所研究的算法应用到4D毫米波雷达系统,并在室内采集了行人目标数据,分析对比实际场景和算法跟踪效果,误差大约在8 cm内,准确率可达91.8%。结果表明:该算法可以较好地实现多目标跟踪,可用于智能空调中。
基金supported by NOAA’s Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project
文摘The four-dimensional variational （4D-Var） data assimilation systems used in most operational and research centers use initial condition increments as control variables and adjust initial increments to find optimal analysis solutions. This approach may sometimes create discontinuities in analysis fields and produce undesirable spin ups and spin downs. This study explores using incremental analysis updates （IAU） in 4D-Var to reduce the analysis discontinuities. IAU-based 4D-Var has almost the same mathematical formula as conventional 4D-Var if the initial condition increments are replaced with time-integrated increments as control variables. The IAU technique was implemented in the NASA/GSFC 4D-Var prototype and compared against a control run without IAU. The results showed that the initial precipitation spikes were removed and that other discontinuities were also reduced, especially for the analysis of surface temperature.
文摘肺4D-CT在肺癌放射治疗中发挥着重要的作用,但肺4D-CT数据层间的分辨率低,导致每个相位3D数据的肺冠矢状面均为低分辨率图像。本研究提出一种基于运动估计的超分辨率重建技术,以提高3D数据的冠矢状面图像分辨率。首先,分析图像退化模型;然后,采用基于完全搜索块匹配的运动估计法,估计出不同"帧"肺冠矢状面图像之间的运动场;最后,以此运动场为基础,采用迭代反投影法(IBP),重建高分辨率的肺部冠矢状面图像。使用一个公共可用的数据集来评价所提出的算法,该数据集由10组肺4D-CT数据组成,每组数据包含10个相位。在每组图像中,选取不同相位的冠矢状面图像进行实验。结果表明,与传统的插值方法(如最近邻插值、双线性插值法)相比,图像边缘宽度均显著降低(最近邻插值9.93±0.59,双线性插值8.04±0.69,新算法5.41±0.60,P<0.001);较双线性插值,图像平均梯度显著提高(5.41±0.59 vs 7.49±0.75,P<0.001),新方法不仅能获得视觉上清晰的图像,而且量化评价指标也有明显提高。主观和客观实验结果表明,所提出的新方法能有效提高肺4D-CT冠矢状面图像的分辨率。
文摘未来ATC的发展是以航迹为对象从管制意图出发并配备相应的间隔,实时动态地掌握航空器与航空器之间的位置;依据美国Next-Gen空中交通管理系统的4D航迹应用规划,针对4D航迹的数据内容借助UML和XML Schema完成了4D航迹的数据建模,并给出了4D航迹互操作模式下的发布订阅模型;通过对该模型的QoS(quality of service)数据同步的分析,可有效地规范4D航迹互操作模式下的数据交换。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41705082, 41475101, 41690122(41690120))a Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Project-the Western Pacific Ocean System (Grant Nos. XDA11010105 and XDA11020306)+1 种基金the National Programme on Global Change and Air–Sea Interaction (Grant Nos. GASI-IPOVAI06 and GASI-IPOVAI-01-01)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, and a Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project
文摘Large biases exist in real-time ENSO prediction, which can be attributed to uncertainties in initial conditions and model parameters. Previously, a 4D variational （4D-Vat） data assimilation system was developed for an intermediate coupled model （ICM） and used to improve ENSO modeling through optimized initial conditions. In this paper, this system is further applied to optimize model parameters. In the ICM used, one important process for ENSO is related to the anomalous temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer （Te）, which is empirically and explicitly related to sea level （SL） variation. The strength of the thermocline effect on SST （referred to simply as ＂the thermocline effect＂） is represented by an introduced parameter, （l＇Te. A numerical procedure is developed to optimize this model parameter through the 4D-Var assimilation of SST data in a twin experiment context with an idealized setting. Experiments having their initial condition optimized only, and having their initial condition plus this additional model parameter optimized, are compared. It is shown that ENSO evolution can be more effectively recovered by including the additional optimization of this parameter in ENSO modeling. The demonstrated feasibility of optimizing model parameters and initial conditions together through the 4D-Var method provides a modeling platform for ENSO studies. Further applications of the 4D-Vat data assimilation system implemented in the ICM are also discussed.
