According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equatio...According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equation for photocatalysis of Procion Red MX-5B was built.Response surface and contour were graphed with the decoloration rate of Procion Red MX-5B as the response value.Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,effects of pH value,irradiation time and catalyst loading were explored.By using this new method,the optimum decoloration condition was obtained as follows:pH value,1.3;irradiation time,49.9 min;catalyst loading,0.57 g/L.In the optimization,R-Squared and Adj R-Squared correlation coefficients for quadratic model were evaluated quite satisfactorily as 0.9310 and 0.8620,respectively.Under the optimum conditions established,the performance of 99.47% for color removal was experimentally reached.It was found that all factors considered have an important effect on the decolorization efficiency of Procion Red MX-5B.By the ANOVA analysis and model confirmation the optimal solution obtained using RSM was experimentally validated and credible with preferable instructional ability for experiments.展开更多
A lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, L20-AI203-TiO2-SiO2-P20s glass with NASICON- type structure have been synthesized and transformed into glass-ceramic through thermal-treatment at various temperatures from 7...A lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, L20-AI203-TiO2-SiO2-P20s glass with NASICON- type structure have been synthesized and transformed into glass-ceramic through thermal-treatment at various temperatures from 700 to 1 000 ~C for 12 h. The differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and complex impedance techniques were employed to characterize the samples. The experimental results indicated that the capability of glass forming in this system is superior to that of L20-A1203-TiO2-PzO~. The glass has an amorphous structure and resultant glass-ceramic mainly consisting of LiTi2（PO4）3 phases. Impurity phases AIPO4, TiO2, TiP207 and unidentified phase were observed. With the enhanced heat-treatment temperature, grain grew gradually and lithium ion conductivity of glass-ceramics increased accordingly, the related impedance semicircles were depressed gradually and even disappeared, which could be analytically explained by the coordinate action of the ＇Constant phase element＇ （CPE） model and the ＇Concept of Mismatch and Relaxation＇ model （CMR）. When the sample is devitrified at 1 000 ~C, the maximum room temperature lithium ion conductivity comes up to 4.1 x 10-4 S/cm, which is suitable for the application as an electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium batteries.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078100)the National Creative Research Groups granted by NSFC(Grant No. 50821002)+1 种基金Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Scientific Committee(Grant No. JC2010-03)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Grant No. 2010DX11)
文摘According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equation for photocatalysis of Procion Red MX-5B was built.Response surface and contour were graphed with the decoloration rate of Procion Red MX-5B as the response value.Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,effects of pH value,irradiation time and catalyst loading were explored.By using this new method,the optimum decoloration condition was obtained as follows:pH value,1.3;irradiation time,49.9 min;catalyst loading,0.57 g/L.In the optimization,R-Squared and Adj R-Squared correlation coefficients for quadratic model were evaluated quite satisfactorily as 0.9310 and 0.8620,respectively.Under the optimum conditions established,the performance of 99.47% for color removal was experimentally reached.It was found that all factors considered have an important effect on the decolorization efficiency of Procion Red MX-5B.By the ANOVA analysis and model confirmation the optimal solution obtained using RSM was experimentally validated and credible with preferable instructional ability for experiments.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (No.2009CB939704)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51032005, 60808024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Wuhan University of Technology)
文摘A lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, L20-AI203-TiO2-SiO2-P20s glass with NASICON- type structure have been synthesized and transformed into glass-ceramic through thermal-treatment at various temperatures from 700 to 1 000 ~C for 12 h. The differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and complex impedance techniques were employed to characterize the samples. The experimental results indicated that the capability of glass forming in this system is superior to that of L20-A1203-TiO2-PzO~. The glass has an amorphous structure and resultant glass-ceramic mainly consisting of LiTi2（PO4）3 phases. Impurity phases AIPO4, TiO2, TiP207 and unidentified phase were observed. With the enhanced heat-treatment temperature, grain grew gradually and lithium ion conductivity of glass-ceramics increased accordingly, the related impedance semicircles were depressed gradually and even disappeared, which could be analytically explained by the coordinate action of the ＇Constant phase element＇ （CPE） model and the ＇Concept of Mismatch and Relaxation＇ model （CMR）. When the sample is devitrified at 1 000 ~C, the maximum room temperature lithium ion conductivity comes up to 4.1 x 10-4 S/cm, which is suitable for the application as an electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium batteries.
