Validation and Spatiotemporal Distribution of GEOS-5-Based Planetary Boundary Layer Height and Relative Humidity in China

Few studies have specifically focused on the validation and spatiotemporal distribution of planetary boundary layer height （PBLH） and relative humidity （RH） data in China. In this analysis, continuous PBLH and surface-level RH data simulated from GEOS-5 between 2004 and 2012, were validated against ground-based observations. Overall, the simulated RH was consistent with the statistical data from meteorological stations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 and a slope of 0.9. However, the simulated PBLH was underestimated compared to LIDAR data by a factor of approximately two, which was primarily because of poor simulation in late summer and early autumn. We further examined the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of two factors in four regions--North China, South China, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the annual PBLH trends in all regions were fairly moderate but sensitive to solar radiation and precipitation, which explains why the PBLH values were ranked in order from largest to smallest as follows： Tibetan Plateau, Northwest China, North China, and South China. Strong seasonal variation of the PBLH exhibited high values in summer and low values in winter, which was also consistent with the turbulent vertical exchange. Not surprisingly, the highest RH in South China and the lowest RH in desert areas of Northwest China （less than 30%）. Seasonally, South China exhibited little variation, whereas Northwest China exhibited its highest humidity in winter and lowest humidity in spring, the maximum values in the other regions were obtained from July to September.

Validation of Treatment Planning Dose Calculations: Experience Working with Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a.

Recently published Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a. (MPPG 5.a.) by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) sets the minimum requirements for treatment planning system (TPS) dose algorithm commissioning and quality assurance (QA). The guideline recommends some validation tests and tolerances based primarily on published AAPM task group reports and the criteria used by IROC Houston. We performed the commissioning and validation of the dose algorithms for both megavoltage photon and electron beams on three linacs following MPPG 5.a. We designed the validation experiments in an attempt to highlight the evaluation method and tolerance criteria recommended by the guideline. It seems that comparison of dose profiles using in-water scan is an effective technique for basic photon and electron validation. IMRT/VMAT dose calculation is recommended to be tested with some TG-119 and clinical cases, but no consensus of the tolerance exists. Extensive validation tests have provided the better understanding of the accuracy and limitation of a specific dose calculation algorithm. We believe that some tests and evaluation criteria given in the guideline can be further refined.

Validation of ERA5-Land temperature and relative humidity on four Peruvian glaciers using on-glacier observations

Weather and climate conditions drive the evolution of tropical glaciers which play an important role as water reservoirs for Peruvian inhabitants in the arid coast and semi-arid Andean region.The scarcity of long-term high-quality observations over Peruvian glaciers has motivated the extensive use of reanalysis data to describe the climatic evolution of these glaciers.However,the representativeness and uncertainties of these reanalysis products over these glaciers are still poorly constrained.This study evaluates the ability of the ERA-Land reanalysis(ERAL)to reproduce hourly and monthly 2 m air temperature and relative humidity(T2m and Rh2m,respectively)over several Peruvian glaciers.We compared the ERAL with data from four on-glacier automatic weather stations(AWS),whose hourly time series were completed with nearby stations,for the period January 2017 to December 2019.Results indicates a better performance of the reanalysis for T2m(r>0.80)than for Rh2m(~0.4<r<~0.6)in all four glaciers.Concerning the observations,both parameters show a daily cycle influenced by the presence of the glacier.This influence is more prominent during the dry months when the so-called glacier damping and cooling effects are stronger.On a monthly time scale,the ERAL validation for both parameters are better in wet outer tropical sites(RMSE between±0.2℃ for T2m and between 3%-7% for Rh2m)rather than in dry outer tropical sites(RMSE between±0.2℃ for T2m and between 3%-7% for Rh2m).Among all sites considered in the study,the Rh2m bias is the highest in the Cavalca glacier(correlation of 0.81;RMSE 13%,MAE 11% and bias 8.3%)and the lowest in Artesonraju glacier(correlation of 0.96;RMSE 3%;MAE 2.3% and bias-0.8%).Based on certain considerations outlined in this paper,it is appropriate to use ERAL to characterize T2m and Rh2m conditions on Peruvian glaciers,particularly in the wet outer tropics.

Validation of the Polar MM5 for Use in the Simulation of the Arctic River Basins

The simulations were performed using a modified mesoscale model, the Polar MM5, which was adapted for use within polar regions. The objective of the study was to illustrate the skill of the Polar MM5 in simulating atmospheric behavior over the Arctic river basins. Automatic weather station data, global atmospheric analyses, as well as near-surface and upper-air observations were used to verify the simulation. Parallel simulations of the Polar MM5 and the original MM5 within the period 19-29 April 1997 simulations revealed that Polar MM5 reproduced better near-surface variables forecasts than the original MM5 for the region located over the North American Arctic regions. The well predicted near-surface temperature and mixing ratio by the Polar MM5 confirmed the modified physical parameterization schemes that were used in this model are appropriate for the Arctic river regions. Then the extended evaluations of the Polar MM5 simulations over both the North American and Eurasian domains during 15 December 2002 to 15 May 2003 were then carried out. The time series plots and statistical analyses from the observations and the Polar MM5 simulations at 16 stations for the near-surface and vertical profiles at 850 hPa and 500 hPa variables were analyzed. The model was found to reproduce the observed atmospheric state both at magnitude and variability with a high degree of accuracy, especially for temperature and near-surface winds, although there was a slight cold bias that existed near the surface.

Translation and Validation of Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 towards COVID-19 among Malaysian Nurses

Introduction: Currently, own individual perception is recognized as one of the important factors in the prevention of disease, including coronavirus disease, COVID-19. Given the massive impact of COVID-19 on all population’s life, including nurses as one of the main health services providers in the country, this study aims to translate and validate the Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses. Materials and Methods: Forward and backward translations and pretesting of the BIP-Q5 to Malay were conducted among nurses, subject matter experts, and language professionals. The validations process was elicited through an online cross-sectional study involving 56 nurses based on a ~10:1 subject-to-items ratio sample size estimations. Results: The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed one best component with eigenvalues more than one, confirming the questionnaire’s original version. There are five items within the single component, and all are with weightage of over 43%. The scree plot supported the findings, which showed that at least one factors are suitable to be retained. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.7 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.659. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.655, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity p-value was Conclusion: This study showed that the translated Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 has a good psychometric property, and is a valid and reliable tool to be used to measure illness perceptions towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses.

清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项测评技工学校学生的效度和信度

目的：评价清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项（Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5,MEQ-5）中文版在技工学校学生中的效度和信度。方法：选取技校学生4479名,使用MEQ-5中文版评定昼夜节律倾向、Epworth困倦问卷评价日间嗜睡程度,并收集社会人口学资料。2个月后,随机选取其中的535名测评MEQ-19中文版（MEQ-5从中提取）以评定重测信度。结果：95.6%的受试者完成MEQ-5中文版的所有条目填写,用时均小于1 min。80.0%受试者的MEQ-5昼夜节律分型与MEQ-19相同,并于就寝与起床时间的倾向一致。MEQ-5中文版总分正态分布,趋向于单因子结构,方差解释值为51.6%,各条目载荷为0.53-0.71;Chronbachα系数和Spearman Brow n分半信度为0.74和0.59,条目与总分的相关系数为0.42-0.68,重测信度为0.45（P〈0.001）。结论：清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项中文版有较好的效度和信度,耗时较少,可以较好地代表MEQ-19中文版。

基于BPNN-SHAP模型的滑坡危险性评价:以伊犁河流域为例

为进一步提高滑坡危险性预测模型精度、增强模型可解释性,本文以新疆伊犁河流域为研究区,选取8个影响滑坡发生的危险性因子,在反向传播神经网络(BPNN)基础上,借鉴博弈论思想,构建一种可解释BP神经网络模型(BPNNSHAP),解决神经网络滑坡危险性评价的“黑箱”问题。将数据集分为70%训练集和30%测试集,采用5折交叉验证提高模型稳定性,对比深度神经网络(DNN)、随机森林(RF)和逻辑回归(LR)3个模型的评价精度,并探讨BPNNSHAP预测结果的可解释性,完成区域滑坡危险性评价。研究结果表明:相较于其他模型,BPNN-SHAP模型的5个精度评价指标均为最高,分别是:准确率(A)=0.904、精准度(P)=0.911、召回率(R)=0.919、F1分数(F1_(Score))=0.915、曲线下面积(SAUC)=0.901;研究区滑坡极高、高危险区分别占比11.96%、15.53%,其中新源县和巩留县极高、高危险区占比最高,分别为51.1%、45.6%;滑坡主控因子为高程、坡度、降雨量和峰值地面加速度(PGA),定量揭示高程在1500~2000 m、坡度大于14°、年降雨量在260~310 mm、PGA大于0.23 g的区域对滑坡发生起促进作用,表明该区域滑坡可能为高程和坡度主控的降雨型、地震型滑坡。本研究方法可为滑坡危险性评价提供新的技术参考,为伊犁河流域防灾减灾韧性建设提供理论支撑。

高职数字电子技术课程“5+3+2”学业评价模式探索与实践

本文针对高职数字电子技术课程教学现状,提出基于多元学业评价理论的数字电子技术课程"5+3+2"学业评价体系,并探讨了该体系的有效性和可行性,强调高职课程的学业评价应注重工作过程,将专业技能、理论知识、职业道德、身心素质融为一体。

子宫内膜异位症患者生存质量量表(EHP-5)中文版的信度及效度分析

目的·评价子宫内膜异位症患者生存质量量表(endometriosis health profi le-5, EHP-5)中文版的信度和效度以及对于不同症状患者的适用程度。方法·制作中文版EHP-5,并对102例子宫内膜异位症患者进行问卷调查,运用R软件进行信度及效度检验。效标效度分析以欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQol fi ve-dimension questionnaire,EQ-5D)作为有效标准。另外分别按照痛经、性交痛、月经失调及不孕症状将患者进一步分组,对各组患者所填写的核心问卷各条目得分进行Mann-Whitney U检验。结果·EHP-5中文版核心问卷和模块问卷的信度系数分别为0.877与0.843,内部一致性系数(Cronbach'sα)均大于0.7。EHP-5与EQ-5D各条目间的相关系数在多个维度比较下差异具有统计学意义。按症状分类后,在有无痛经及有无性交痛的患者中,核心问卷各条目得分的差异均有统计学意义;而在有无月经失调及不孕和已孕的患者中,核心问卷部分条目得分的差异无统计学意义。结论·中文版EHP-5具有较好的信度及效度,其在对具有痛经或性交痛的子宫内膜异位症患者的生活质量评估时敏感度高,但其对不孕或月经失调患者的敏感度较低。故还需设计对症状更具针对性的条目,用以作为适用于不同症状患者预后及随访的干预研究工具。

基于机器学习算法的服装直播销量预测模型

为了完善直播销量预测的指标体系,提高直播销量预测的准确率,本文对比多种机器学习算法,分析服装直播销量的影响因素并预测服装直播销量。首先,通过文献分析选取直播销量的影响因素,并使用Spearman相关系数结合显著性进行筛选。其次,通过不同机器学习算法建立服装销量预测模型。选用R 2、MAE、RMSE及MAPE为评价指标,采用5折交叉验证的方法,测试各模型性能。研究结果表明:主播粉丝数、主播近30天场均观看人次、主播近30天场均坑产、产品价格、产品讲解时长、产品近30天历史销量、品牌粉丝数、品牌近30天历史销量、折扣这9个因素之间共线性较弱且与直播销量之间的相关性显著,可作为预测模型中的影响因素;预测算法中K近邻算法和随机森林算法的表现较好,R 2均大于0.98,MAPE均在30.5%以内。预测结果可帮助零售商规划库存,调整生产计划,为产品采购、定价、推广提供数据支持。

改进移动加密流量分类的方法——数据质量分数

移动互联网的飞速发展使得针对移动加密流量的分类需求激增。深度学习分类方法依赖数据特征,但不同数据的特征量存在差异,均匀分配权重易降低性能。为此,提出一种称为数据质量分数(DQS)的方法来区分数据,并在损失函数中使用不同权重来减少低质量数据对模型参数的干扰,同时提升高质量数据的作用。通过Mirage-2019数据集上的实验验证该方法的有效性,首先对该数据集进行统计分析,确定特征选择;然后构建包含不同神经网络结构的分类模型进行实验,并加入DQS方法进行前后性能对比。5折交叉验证的结果表明,加入DQS方法后,不同网络模型的分类性能均有提升,且训练时间没有明显增加。

多西他赛、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期食管癌的meta分析

目的探讨多西他赛、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期食管癌的安全性和有效性。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Wed of science、Embase、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库,搜集从建库至2019年12月晚期食管癌患者中应用多西他赛、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶的多中心随机对照试验(mcRCTs)。结果共检索到符合纳入标准的文献4篇(n=764),纳入文献偏倚风险较小。多西他赛联合顺铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶组(DCF)组的客观有效率(ORR)、总生存期(OS)与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.93,I 2=0<50%,RR=1.58,95%CI 1.28-1.94,P<0.01;P=0.86,I 2=0<50%,HR=1.16,95%CI 1.05~1.29,P=0.003),但在疾病控制率(DCR)方面差异无统计学意义(OR=1.23,95%CI 0.74-2.05,P=0.42)。不良反应方面DCF组在血小板减少[1~4级:OR=2.15(1.04-4.46),P=0.04;3~4级:OR=9.64(9.19-78.08),P=0.03]、腹泻[1~4级:OR=2.06(1.27-3.33),P=0.003,3~4级:OR=3.01(1.87-4.83),P<0.01]、黏膜炎[1~4级:OR=4.21(2.56-6.92),P<0.01,3~4级:OR=3.65(1.22-10.90),P=0.02]的发生高于对照组,在白细胞减少、贫血、恶心、呕吐方面两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多西他赛、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶三药联合治疗晚期食管癌未见明显疗效,同时增大血小板减少、腹泻、黏膜炎不良反应,临床上要慎用于治疗晚期食管癌。

DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版的初步修订

目的:研究DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表(DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child Age 11-17)中文版的效度和信度。方法:使用DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版、Spence儿童焦虑量表(SCAS)和儿童抑郁量表(CDI)对四川省某市1013名中学生[男生322名,女生690名,性别缺失1名,平均年龄(15±1)岁]进行施测,并选取43名被试1个月后进行DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表的重测。结果:探索性因素分析表明其存在"一般性焦虑"和"情境性焦虑"2个因子;DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表总分与SCAS、CDI得分均呈正相关(r=0.65、0.56,均P<0.01)。DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版的内部一致性系数为0.90,2个因子的α系数分别为0.89、0.73。各条目与总分的相关系数为0.54～0.78,各因子与总分的相关系数分别为0.90、0.83(均P<0.01)。总量表重测信度为0.78,2个因子的重测相关系数分别为0.63、0.67;结论:DSM-5儿童少年焦虑量表中文版具有良好的信效度。

建立UPLC法测定复方氨基酸胶囊(9-5)中氨基酸的含量

目的通过优化色谱条件建立UPLC法测定复方氨基酸胶囊(9-5)中氨基酸的含量。方法以9种氨基酸对照为外标物,异硫氰酸苯酯为柱前衍生剂,采用ACQUITY UPLCBEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)柱,流动相A为0.1 mol/L的醋酸钠溶液(用冰醋酸调整pH至6.50)-乙腈(93∶7),流动相B为乙腈-水(4∶1),检测波长254 nm,流速为0.45 mL/min,柱温36℃。结果复方氨基酸胶囊(9-5)中9种氨基酸出峰时间与对照品出峰时间一致,其他物质无干扰;仪器精密度RSD为0.5%~1.2%,中间精密度RSD为1.3%~1.9%;各氨基酸的溶液浓度与其峰面积线性关系良好(r≥0.999),溶液稳定性RSD为0.6%~1.8%,各氨基酸的平均回收率在95.0%~105.0%之间。含量测定方法比对实验中UPLC法与HPLC法分析结果无明显差异,分析速度明显提高。结论建立的UPLC法高效,快速,灵敏,准确,可用于测定复方氨基酸胶囊(9-5)中氨基酸的含量。

手性色谱法测定L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙含量

建立手性色谱法测定L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙(L-5-MTHF-Ca)的分析方法,通过方法学验证评价方法的可行性。使用高效液相色谱系统,色谱柱为CHIRALPAK HSA手性色谱柱(4 mm×150 mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲溶液∶乙腈(体积比90∶10)为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,进样量5μL,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm。方法学验证结果表明,此方法可很好地分离L-5-MTHF-Ca,分离度达到3.24,并且在0.016~0.100 mg/mL质量浓度范围线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为3.11μg/mL,定量限为4.98μg/mL,精密度0.38%,加标平均回收率103.71%,系统适用性良好,然而,L-5-MTHF-Ca会随时间缓慢降解,需尽快进样分析。方法操作简便,结果准确,可用于各种食品、保健品中L-5-MTHF-Ca含量的测定。

DSM-5囤积障碍诊断在中国是否适用?（英文）

囤积障碍(hoarding disorder),作为新近被纳入DSM-5强迫症和相关障碍部分的一个独立疾病,与强迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD)相比具有明显不同的症状和病因。然而,在中国,人们认可储藏个人财物并认为这是正常的,这种新的诊断方法在中国的效度还有待证明。我们研究了东亚地区有关病理性囤积的可用数据,并发现囤积是比较常见的情况,而且出现的症状也类似于西方国家的报道。我们认为,DSM-5中定义的"囤积障碍"在中国是一种合理的临床实体,虽然临床医生在作出该诊断时必须小心区分病理性囤积与文化上所认可的节俭,前者令患者非常痛苦并且明显妨碍其社会和职业功能,而后者与痛苦或社交障碍都不相关的。

高效液相色谱法测定L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙的分析方法。方法用C_(18)(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液、甲醇:磷酸盐缓冲液(35:65, V:V)为流动相,流速为1.1 mL/min,用高效液相色谱法进行测定;检测波长为280 nm。结果该方法检出限为0.015μg/mL,定量限为0.05μg/mL,相对标准偏差为0.31%。对供试品中L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙的回收率达到114%。对5%目标物本底浓度加标回收率达到97.3%。对10%目标物本底浓度加标回收率达到98.5%。结论该方法检测准确、可靠,回收率均较高,说明该方法适用于检测L-5-甲基四氢叶酸钙。

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(DPHA)的LCMS/MS方法。方法:血浆样品经正己烷萃取后进行分析,采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(2.10 mm×50 mm,2.6μm),柱温40℃,以水(含0.01%甲酸)-甲醇(含0.01%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.30 m L/min,ESI离子源,多反应离子监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子对为m/z 329.2→163.0,内标化合物益智酮甲为313.1→137.0。结果:DPHA的线性范围为1.0～2000.0 ng/mL(r=0.9996),最低定量限为1.0 ng/m L;提取回收率为73.53%～85.77%,基质效应为99.63%～110.50%;日内和日间精密度RSD均低于15%,重复性好。用该法测定静脉注射给药DPHA(1.0 mg/kg)后0.5 h大鼠血药浓度为36.2±5.1 ng/m L(n=4,RSD=14.0%)。结论:本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中DPHA浓度的测定,适合药代动力学研究。

Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration in the Brazilian Earth System Model Simulations

Sea ice is an important and complex component of the Earth’s system, acting as both an indicator and an amplifier of climate change. Here, we investigated the ability of the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM-OA2.5) and four state-of-the-art climate models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Version 5 (CMIP5) to represent the Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) seasonal cycle. We validated the sea ice model’s performance using satellite data from 1980 to 2005 and calculated the skill and RMSE of each model. BESM-OA2.5 results for melt-freeze transitions in the Southern Ocean are consistent with CMIP5 models and satellite data. In February, when the sea ice reaches its annual minimum, the BESM-OA2.5 has the best fit among the models. However, in September, when the Antarctic sea ice reaches its annual maximum, the SIC simulated by BESM-OA2.5 indicated the largest area covered by ice compared to satellite, particularly on the Polar Front. Similar results were found in the CMIP5 models evaluated here. We suggest that the large bias simulated in the Polar Front is related to the inability of the sea ice model to represent the complex ocean-atmosphere-sea ice interactions. The subject is considered a hot topic in climate change studies and lacks conclusive answers.

基于多输出支持向量回归机的有限元模型修正

为了克服神经网络以及单输出支持向量回归算法在有限元模型修正中的不足,提出了基于多输出支持向量回归算法的有限元模型修正方法。根据5-折交叉验证法选择支持向量回归机的参数,用均匀试验设计法构造样本,联合结构的动力和静力响应数据作为输入,多个设计参数作为输出,以支持向量回归机逼近输入输出二者之间的非线性映射关系,然后利用支持向量回归机的泛化推广能力,求解设计参数的目标值。空间网格结构数值模型的分析结果表明,该方法能同时修正多个设计参数,在少量样本的情况下具有较高的修正精度,为有限元模型修正提供了一种新的探索。