Strengthening-toughening of 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloys by heat treatment

The effects of stepped solution heat treatments on the dissolution of soluble remnant constituents and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were investigated. It was shown that a suitable pretreatment at lower temperature can enable complete dissolution of the constituent particles in 7055 alloy without overheating by subsequent high temperature solution treatment. This in turn increased the tensile strength and fracture toughness of 7055 alloy to 805 MPa and 41.5 MPa·m 1/2 respectively, with approximately 9% tensile elongation. The near solvus pre precipitation following after high temperature solution treatment was also studied on 7055 aluminum alloy. The effect of the pre precipitation on the microstructure, age hardening and stress corrosion cracking of 7055 alloy was investigated. The optical and transimission electron microscopy observation show that the near solvus pre precipitation can be limited to grain boundary and enhance the discontinuity of grain boundary precipitates in the subsequent ageing. The stress corrosion cracking resistance of aged 7055 alloy can be improved via the pre precipitation with non deteriorated strength and plasticity.

Effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on mechanical performance of 6xxx aluminum alloys

The effect of alloy composition and heat treatment, including natural ageing and pre-ageing, on the mechanical performance of eight 6xxx alloys designed with systematically varying Si, Mg and Cu contents was studied. The results show that not only the alloy composition and heat treatment before forming influence the formability, but also they have an effect on the paint bake response of the alloys. Increasing the alloy Si content, decreasing Mg/Si ratio and adding 0.3% Cu （mass fraction） were generally found to improve the tensile ductility and formability of the alloys studied, while pre-ageing was found to decrease these properties. A full property profile of these alloys in terms of strength, tensile ductility, work hardening, strain rate sensitivity, forming limit and paint bake response was presented.

Exfoliation corrosion behavior of 7050-T6 aluminum alloy treated with various quench transfer time

The exfoliation corrosion （EFC） behavior of 7050-T6 aluminum alloy treated with various quench transfer time after solution heat treatment was investigated by standard EFC immersion tests, strength loss measurements after EFC tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscope （EIS） technique. The results showed that EFC resistance of the alloy decreased with increasing quench transfer time. Backscattered electron scanning electron microscope （SEM） together with transmission electron microscope （TEM） observations revealed that the coverage ratio and microstructure of precipitates at grain boundary area are the most important factors which influence the EFC susceptibility of the alloy, while precipitate-free zone （PFZ） near grain boundary has no or only a minor effect on it. In addition, galvanostatic measurements of the alloy present a good correlation between EFC resistance and transients in potential. The cumulated number of transients in potential can be used to evaluate EFC resistance of the alloy.

Semi-solid near-net shape rheocasting of heat treatable wrought aluminum alloys

Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys. Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition. The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications. The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification. The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallie needles in the eutectic. The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.

Constitutive modeling of flow behavior of precipitation-hardened AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperature

The thermomechanical behavior of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy AA7022-T6 was studied using isothermal compression at temperatures of 623−773 K and strain rates of 0.01−1 s^−1.The experimental results indicated that dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is a predominant hot deformation mechanism,especially at elevated temperatures and low strain rates.The modified Johnson−Cook(J−C)and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were developed to predict the hot flow behavior under different deformation conditions.The correlation coefficients of modified J−C model and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were 0.9914 and 0.9972,respectively,their average relative errors(ARE)were 6.074%and 4.465%,respectively,and their root mean square errors(RMSE)were 10.611 and 1.665 MPa,respectively,indicating that the strain compensated Arrhenius-type model can predict the hot flow stress of AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy with an appropriate accuracy.

Evolution of residual stress field in 6N01 aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint

Based on the characteristics of friction stir welding( FSW) and Coulomb friction work theory,the residual stresses field of FSW joints of 6 N01 aluminum alloy( T5),which was used in high speed train,were calculated by using the ANSYS finite element software. During the FEM calculation,the dual heat source models namely the body heat source and surface heat source were used to explore the evolution law of the welding process to the residual stress field. The method of ultrasonic residual stress detecting was used to investigate the residual stresses field of the 6 N01 aluminum alloy FSW joints. The results show that the steady-state temperature of 6 N01 aluminum alloy during FSW is about 550 ℃,and the temperature mutates at the beginning and at end of welding. The longitudinal residual stress σ_x is the main stress,which fluctuates in the range of-25 to 242 MPa. Moreover,the stress in the range of shaft shoulder is tensile stress that the maximum tensile stress is 242 MPa,and the stress in the outside of shaft shoulder is compressive stress that the maximum compressive stress is 25 MPa. The distribution of the tensile stress in the welding nugget zone( WNZ) is obviously bimodal,and the residual stress on the advancing side is higher than that on the retreating side. With the increasing of the welding speed,the maximum temperature decreased and the maximum residual stress decreased when the pin-wheel speed kept constant. With the increasing of the pin-wheel speed,the maximum temperature of the joint increased and the maximum residual stress increased when the welding speed was constant. The experimental results were in good agreement with the finite element results.

Effect of Friction Coefficient on Deep Drawing of 6A16 Aluminum Alloy for Automobile Body

Based on the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element method,the forming force changing trend of deep drawing test for 6A16 aluminum alloy plate after pre-aging and storage at room temperature for one month was simulated under friction coefficient ranging from 0 to 0.22.The lubricants selected for the tests were mechanical oil,butter and dry film lubricant,and the friction coefficient of these lubricants were 0.05,0.10 and 0.15,respectively.Microstructural evolution of 6 A16 aluminum alloy plate during drawing forming was investigated by OM,SEM and EBSD.The results showed that,with the increase of friction coefficient,the stress,strain and deformation degree in deformation zone increased,while the grain size in deformation zone decreased.Thus,the hardness of the cup-typed component increased with the increase of friction coefficient.Butter-lubricated cups had the highest tensile strength and yield strength after paint-bake cycle.The combination of simulation results and microstructure analysis of 6A16 aluminum alloy plate after drawing forming indicates that the appropriate lubricant is butter.

Dynamic experimental studies of a6n01s-t5 aluminum alloy material and structure for high-speed train

In this study, we focus on the dynamic failure property of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloyusing for high-speed train. The method of SHBT+3D DIC was put forward to figure out the dynamic mechanical properties and dynamic failure strain of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy,and on the basis of this, Johnson-Cook model constitutive parameters and dynamic failure strain parameters were obtained through a series of static and dynamic tests.An important character of this methodwas that the sandwich structure from the true high-speed train was used in penetration test,followed by the numerical calculation of the same working condition using LS-DYNA.Then we compare the experimental results with simulation results mentioned above in terms of failure morphology in structure and the bullet speed throughout the entire process to verifythe accuracyof the parameter. The experimental results provide a data basis for the crash simulation model of high-speed trains,in turn to optimize the structural design and whole efficiency.

The influence of gradient mismatches on mechanical properties and microstructure of 2219-T6 aluminum alloy VP-TIG joints

In this paper,6 mm thick 2219-T6 aluminum alloy was joined by means of variable polarity tungsten-arc welding( VP-TIG) and the influence of gradient mismatches on VP-TIG joints is investigated. The average tensile strength of the joints reduces 32%,53% and 59%,when the mismatch of the joint was 0. 635 mm,1. 44 mm,1. 83 mm,respectively.Incomplete penetration,additional bending moment( Ma) and decrease of effective load region area are considered to explain this phenomenon. The fracture location of tensile specimens occurred at the weld zone( WZ) close to partial melt zone( PMZ),corresponding to a sharp decline of microhardness from PMZ to WZ. The original position of fracture is found at weld toe,where incomplete penetration forms due to the introduction of gradient mismatches.

New approach for modeling flow stress of aluminum alloy 6A10 considering temperature variation

The flow stress behavior of aluminum alloy 6A10 was studied by the hot compression tests at temperatures from 350℃ to 550 ℃ and strain rates from 0.1 s^-1 to 10 s^-1 with Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The result demonstrates that the temperatures of specimen differ from initial ones affected by deformation conditions, and that the softening mechanism is dynamic recovery. A new approach was proposed to analyze the flow stress character directly from actual stress, strain, temperature and strain rate data, without performing any previous flow stress correction caused by temperature variation. Comparisons between the experimental and predicted results confirm that the established flow stress model can give reasonable estimation, indicating that the mentioned approach can be used in flow stress model analysis of the materials that undergo only dynamic recovery based on the data obtained under variable deformation temperature.

钎焊后自然时效对3003/6xxx/3003复合铝合金性能和组织的影响

以6xxx系铝合金为芯材,3003铝合金为两侧皮材,经熔炼、铸造、复合、热轧、冷轧及成品退火制备了厚度为1.5 mm的3层复合铝合金。在600℃下模拟钎焊,经空冷后进行1、5、10、15、20、25、30 d的自然时效。结果显示:复合铝合金的强度、维氏硬度在自然时效初期快速增加,20 d后上升缓慢,30 d时抗拉强度、屈服强度、芯材维氏硬度达到最大,分别为242.3 MPa、122.9 MPa、84.0;芯材晶粒尺寸钎焊后较钎焊前略微长大,经不同自然时效时间的芯材晶粒平均尺寸大小相当,表明自然时效不改变芯材晶粒的大小;钎焊后以及经自然时效之后芯材中标识出的第二相为不规则的AlFeSiMnCu相。

高、低温时效处理对6xxx系铝合金性能的影响

通过系统检测和对不同时效制度下的试样进行化学成分分析、晶粒组织观察以及强度、延伸率、硬度、电导率和晶间腐蚀性能测试,研究时效工艺对6xxx系铝合金显微组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着时效时间的延长和时效温度的升高,合金基体内部的强化相析出数量增多,尺寸增大,且分布密度也相应提高;合金的强度和硬度先升高后降低;电导率则随时效时间的延长而增大。6xxx系铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能良好,但随着时效时间的延长,抗晶间腐蚀性逐渐变差,直至达到峰值时效后再增强。

汽车车身用6000系铝合金板材微观组织与热处理工艺的研究进展

本文介绍了6000系铝合金在汽车车身上的应用现状及其性能特点,并详细论述了该系合金的时效析出特征、强化机理、织构演化和合金元素对性能的影响。此外,分析了6000系铝合金的传统热处理工艺,阐述了固溶后预时效和预变形对合金烘烤硬化性的影响,并探讨了汽车车身用6000系铝合金目前存在的问题及当前的主要研究方向。

6×××系铝合金微合金化的研究进展

6×××系(Al-Mg-Si)铝合金作为综合性能良好的中强铝合金,在航天工业和民用等领域具有广阔的应用前景,微合金化是提高铝合金性能的有效途径,也是研制新型铝合金的重要手段,是国内外铝合金研究的热点之一。综述了6×××系铝合金中元素Mg、Si、Cu、Mn、Sr、Zr、Sc等的作用,探讨了该系铝合金目前存在的问题和发展方向,指出了寻求廉价且有效的微合金化元素、进一步探明微合金化作用机理和复合微合金化是今后研究的主要方向。

6000系铝合金晶间腐蚀研究进展

介绍了与晶界直接相关的铝合金腐蚀类型,概述了合金元素和稀土元素对6000系铝合金晶间腐蚀的影响,重点介绍了热处理条件对6000系铝合金晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响.大量实验显示,热处理影响腐蚀模式,且晶间腐蚀向点蚀的转变与固溶处理温度、冷却速度,以及随后的人工时效温度和时效时间等诸多因素有关,发现经适当条件热处理的6000系铝合金可免受局部腐蚀影响.展望了铝合金晶间腐蚀研究的发展方向.

6×××铝合金热处理工艺的研究概况

概述了6×××铝合金热处理工艺的国内外研究现状,分析了目前6×××铝合金热处理应用中存在的问题和研究工作中的不足,指出了未来研究和开发中需要解决的问题,并提出了具体的建议。

固溶处理对Al-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金组织性能的影响

对汽车车身板用Al-1．5Si-1．2Mg-0．6Cu-0．3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板进行了固溶处理，研究了固溶温度、时间对第二相、晶粒及成形性能的影响规律．结果表明：在500～555℃之间进行固溶处理时，固溶温度升高，基体中残留的第二相数量逐渐减少，而再结晶晶粒尺寸形态变化不大；合金板材的强度和延伸率单调增大，IE单调减小，n，r15变化不大．1．2mm厚的冷轧合金薄板在540℃固溶处理时，保温时间需接近30min才可使其具有良好的成形性，继续延长保温时间至180min其成形性能变化不大．1．2mm厚的Al-1．5Si-1．2Mg-0．6Cu-0．3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板合适的固溶处理温度为540℃，保温时间应接近30min．常规T4状态的6xxx系铝合金薄板直接在汽车厂冲压成形后的烤漆涂装处理并不能起到提高车身构件强度的作用．

几种6000系汽车板铝合金时效行为及性能的研究

通过硬度测量、拉伸和成形性试验,并采用透射电镜、扫描电镜及金相分析,研究了wMg/wSi和wMg/wCu值对几种6000系汽车板铝合金时效行为、力学性能及成形性的影响。结果表明:在时效初期,对于硅过剩合金,其硬度和强度随wMg/wSi和wMg/wCu值增大而提高;对于镁过剩合金,其比值过大时则硬度和强度显著下降。但伸长率及埃利克森值随比值增大均为降低。此外,增大wMg/wCu值会促进合金时效初期的硬化速度,但wMg/wCu过大,初始硬度大为降低,反而不利于合金的时效硬化性。

热轧板退火温度对6×××系铝合金β″相析出动力学的影响

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究热轧板退火温度对6×××系铝合金时效过程中β″相析出动力学的影响。计算热轧板在不同退火温度下β″相形成激活能,并对不同热轧板退火温度的试样模拟烤漆后进行力学性能实验。结果表明:随着热轧板退火温度的提高,β″相的形成激活能略微降低,表明在时效过程中β″相更容易形成,合金的模拟烤漆强度因此得到提高。热轧板退火温度的提高,增大了基体中的Mg、Si原子的过饱和度,即增大了时效过程中β″相的形成驱动力,从而提高合金的模拟烤漆强度。

6×××系铝合金的晶间腐蚀评价方法研究

采用腐蚀深度法和质量损失法分别对6×××系铝合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性进行评价,并借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜对晶间腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物进行观察和分析,从而选择适宜的晶间腐蚀评价方法。结果表明:6×××系铝合金具有一定的晶间腐蚀敏感性,其评价方法宜选择腐蚀深度法,腐蚀溶液为57gNaCl+10mLH_(2)O_(2)/1000m L H_(2)O,腐蚀温度为30℃,时间为24h。