Trajectory tracking control based on linear active disturbance rejection controller for 6-DOF robot manipulator

The trajectory tracking control for a 6-DOF robot manipulator with multiple inputs and outputs,non-linearity and strong coupling is studied.Firstly,a dynamical model for the 6-DOF robot manipulator is designed.From the view point of practical engineering,considering the model uncertainties and external disturbances,the robot manipulator is divided into 6 independent joint subsystems,and a linear active disturbance rejection controller(LADRC)is developed to track trajectory for each subsystem respectively.LADRC has few parameters that are easy to be adjusted in engineering.Linear expansion state observer(LESO)as the uncertainty observer is able to estimate the general uncertainties effectively.Eventually,the validity and robustness of the proposed method adopted in 6-DOF robot manipulator are demonstrated via numerical simulations and 6-DOF robot manipulator experiments,which is of practical value in engineering application.

基于MATLAB和RobotStudio的6-DOF机器人运动学分析与仿真

针对船体密封舱、箱柜等狭窄空间普遍存在的机器人难以工作问题,提出了一种新型6-DOF(degrees of freedom)机器人。首先分析了该机器人的机械结构,基于D-H坐标理论建立了机器人D-H坐标表格以及机器人正、逆运动学方程,其次应用MATLAB对机器人的运动学进行了仿真,结果表明所得的机器人正、逆运动学方程完全正确;最后设计了虚拟样机,利用RobotStudio仿真分析了机器人箱体焊接的优点;为进一步验证设计的机器人运动性能,与通用6-DOF机器人做了对比分析。研究结果表明新型机器人运动的可行性,为设计适应箱柜等狭窄空间的工业机器人提供了理论依据。

基于合成数据集的多目标识别与6-DoF位姿估计

多目标识别及六自由度(6-DoF)位姿估计是实现物料无序堆放状态下机器人自动分拣的关键。近年来,基于深度神经网络的方法在目标识别及位姿估计领域受到广泛关注,但此类方法依赖大量训练样本,而样本的采集及标注费时费力,限制了其实用性。其次,当成像条件差、目标相互遮挡时,现有位姿估计方法无法保证结果的可靠性,进而导致抓取失败。为此,文中提出了一种基于合成数据样本的目标识别、分割及位姿估计方法。首先,以目标对象的3维(3D)几何模型为基础,利用3D图形编程工具生成虚拟场景的多视角RGB-D合成图像,并对生成的RGB图像及深度图像分别进行风格迁移和噪声增强,从而提高合成数据的真实感,以适应真实场景的检测需要;接着,利用合成数据集训练YOLOv7-mask实例分割模型,运用真实数据进行测试,结果验证了该方法的有效性;然后,以分割结果为基础,基于ES6D目标位姿估计模型,提出了一种在线姿态评估方法,以自动滤除严重失真的估计结果;最后,采用基于主动视觉的位姿估计校正策略,引导机械臂运动到新的视角重新检测,以解决因遮挡而导致位姿估计偏差的问题。在自行搭建的6自由度工业机器人视觉分拣系统上进行了实验,结果表明,文中提出的方法能较好地适应复杂环境下工件的识别与6-DoF姿态估计要求。

6-DOFs机器臂在位置模式下追随运动意图的研究

为了使脑卒中患者在主动康复中能够得到准确、实时、稳定的识别效果,本研究提出了基于6-DOFs协作机器人作为一种康复运动设备。患者的运动意图通过其手与机器臂末端的六维力传感器作用的程度与方向来捕捉,控制系统则通过解析出的运动意图实现机器臂末端运动方向与速度的设置和驱动。运动意图主要由运动方向和运动程度两个指标表达,前者由力传感器各分力的合力方向确定,后者由合力的大小确定,同时还要检测合力与TCP所在轨迹点处切线方向的夹角,最终确定出机器臂末端沿轨迹运动的速度。

Research of 6-DOF Serial-Parallel Mechanism Platform for Stability Training of Legged-Walking Robot

The concept of legged-robot stability training with a training platform is proposed and a serial-parallel mechanism platform with 6 degrees of freedom is designed for this target. The designed platform is composed of 4-DOF parallel mechanism with spherical joints and prismatic pairs,and 2-DOF serial mechanism with prismatic pairs. With this design,the platform has advantages of low platform countertop,big workspace,high carrying capacity and high stiffness. On the basis of DOF analysis and computation of space mechanism,weight supporting auxiliary mechanism and raceways-balls supporting mechanism are designed,so as to improve the stiffness of designed large platform and payload capacity of servo motors. And then the whole structure design work of the platform is done. Meanwhile,this paper derives the analytical solutions of forward kinematics, inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics. The error analysis model of position and orientation is established. And then the simulation is done in ADAMS to ensure the correctness and feasibility of this design.

Digital twin-and extended reality-based telepresence for collaborative robot programming in the 6G perspective

In the context of Industry 4.0,a paradigm shift from traditional industrial manipulators to Collaborative Robots(CRs)is ongoing,with the latter serving ever more closely humans as auxiliary tools in many production processes.In this scenario,continuous technological advancements offer new opportunities for further innovating robotics and other areas of next-generation industry.For example,6G could play a prominent role due to its human-centric view of the industrial domains.In particular,its expected dependability features will pave the way for new applications exploiting highly effective Digital Twin(DT)-and eXtended Reality(XR)-based telepresence.In this work,a novel application for the above technologies allowing two distant users to collaborate in the programming of a CR is proposed.The approach encompasses demanding data flows(e.g.,point cloud-based streaming of collaborating users and robotic environment),with network latency and bandwidth constraints.Results obtained by analyzing this approach from the viewpoint of network requirements in a setup designed to emulate 6G connectivity indicate that the expected performance of forthcoming mobile networks will make it fully feasible in principle.

Micro-Scale Motion Precision Simulation Method for a New-Type 6-DOF Micro-Manipulation Robot

A new 6-DOF micro-manipulation robot based on 3-PPTTRS parallel mechanisms in combination with flexure hinges is proposed. The design principle of the mechanism is introduced, and the kinematics analysis method based on differentiation is used to get the (inverse) kinematics equations. Then a micro-scale motion precision simulation method is proposed according to finite element analysis (FEA), and the prediction of robot’s motion precision in design phase is realized. The simulation result indicates that the 6-DOF micro-manipulation robot can meet the design specification.

基于改进RRT算法的6-DOF机器人路径规划

针对传统快速扩展随机树(RRT)算法在机器人路径规划中随机性大、冗余节点多、无法生成最优路径这一系列问题,从引入权重系数、路径缩短、拐角平滑处理这三方面对传统RRT算法进行优化,使6-DOF机械臂能有效避开障碍物,并通过距离最短路径到达目标点。同时,在角速度不连续处根据机械臂曲率约束进行路径平滑过渡处理,消除初始路径中锯齿状部分,保证路径平稳性。仿真实验表明,改进RRT算法提高了路径搜寻成功率并将原始路径距离缩短25%,平均规划时间缩短75%。

Stewart平台6-DOF并联机器人完整动力学模型的建立

采用RPY角描述方法,基于拉格朗日方程建立了Stewart平台6-DOF并联机器人完整动力学模型。此 模型具有与一般机器人相同的结构,同时给出了模型所具有的基本性质。

一种新型6-DOF串并混联拟人机械臂及其位置分析

提出了一种新型6-DOF串并混联拟人机械臂,这种机械臂主要包括肩、上臂和前臂三部分,其中,肩采用球面三自由度并联机构为机构原型,上臂采用五杆二自由度并联机构为机构原型,前臂采用四杆机构为机构原型,结合这种机械臂的结构布局特点,求得其位置正解的封闭解,使用Bezout消元法求得这种拟人机械臂的位置反解的封闭解。

数字式6-DOF运动平台运动不平稳现象分析

数字式6-DOF运动平台在起动、换向及低速运行时存在抖动或振动冲击等运动不平稳现象,本文从低速摩擦力特性、数字伺服步进液压缸的结构特征,以及6组数字液压缸在并联平台运动中不同的工作状态对平台运动的影响等方面进行了定性分析。分析表明,以上因素都是使得平台产生运动不平稳现象的重要因素。分析结果有助于在机械结构设计、加工选型,以及补偿策略等方面提出有针对性的解决方案。

基于自抗扰控制器的6-DOF磁悬浮平台悬浮高度控制

介绍一种应用于半导体光刻、微型装配、纳米技术等领域的新型磁悬浮平台。针对该平台的悬浮部分是一个具有参数摄动、输入耦合的复杂系统,采用自抗扰控制器的控制方法,实现对内部扰动和外部扰动的补偿。仿真结果表明,这种控制方案有较好的动态、静态特性及鲁棒性。

6-DOF并联坐标测量机结构参数的识别与修正

首先对6-DOF并联机构坐标测量机的组成结构及工作原理进行了介绍,然后针对该坐标测量机的运动特点,提出了一种基于逐次逼近算法的结构参数识别与修正方法。该方法以最小二乘逐次逼近算法为基础,以寻找6自由度并联机构坐标测量机的43个主要结构参数为目的。文中对所提算法的求解过程进行了详细的论述,并通过计算机仿真计算,对结构参数的识别与修正结果进行了验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的逐次逼近算法能够充分利用目标函数值的信息,优化搜索过程具有较强的方向性和目标性,且收敛速度较快。采用该方法对6自由度并联机构坐标测量机的结构参数进行识别与修正以后,可使该坐标测量机的测量精度得到明显改善。

6-DOF并联机器人分散变结构控制研究

针对6-DOF并联机器人的非线性和强耦合特性,首先将机器人模型化为正则型,然后对每个子系统设计了变结构控制器,即构成分散变结构控制系统。该控制器实现了对系统的镇定和解耦。仿真结果证明了控制器的有效性。

基于6-DOF并联机器人医疗器械道路运输模拟平台的关键技术及实现

针对目前医疗器械道路运输模拟平台短缺的问题,提出了一种使用6-DOF并联机器人进行道路运输模拟的实现方法。通过改进谐波叠加法建立三维道路谱模型,与标准功率谱对比验证仿真模型的准确性。将三维道路谱作为激励源转化为机器人运动数据,通过绝对位置S形直线插补方法控制并联机器人,使其能够高效准确地模拟车辆在不同车速、各种等级路面上的运动状况。

6-DOF工业机器人相贯线焊接运动规划

针对实际生产中主管与支管间存在一定偏置和倾斜、不适于专用机器人进行相贯线焊缝焊接的问题,通过改善相贯线数学模型,采用D-H参数构建6-DOF机器人与变位机模型,给出一种工件装夹模型和模型间的坐标系转换关系,再用主面二分法求解焊缝参数,实现了专用机器人连续焊接作业的运动规划.Matlab仿真结果表明,相贯线轨迹平滑,与实际轮廓基本吻合,证明了该研究方法的正确性.

6-DOF MOTION AND CENTER OF ROTATION ESTIMATION BASED ON STEREO VISION

A new motion model and estimation algorithm is proposed to compute the general rigid motion object＇s 6-DOF motion parameters and center of rotation based on stereo vision. The object＇s 6-DOF motion model is designed from the rigid object＇s motion character under the two defined reference frames. According to the rigid object＇s motion model and motion dynamics knowledge, the corresponding motion algorithm to compute the 6-DOF motion parameters is worked out. By the rigid object pure rotation motion model and space sphere geometry knowledge, the center of rotation may be calculated after eliminating the translation motion out of the 6-DOF motion. The motion equations are educed based on the motion model and the closed-form solutions are figured out. To heighten the motion estimation algorithm＇s robust, RANSAC algorithm is applied to delete the outliers. Simulation and real experiments are conducted and the experiment results are analyzed. The results prove the motion model＇s correction and algorithm＇s validity.

Topology optimization of a 6-DOF spatial compliant mechanism based on Stewart propotype platform

To improve the global stiffness and conveniently build a model of a compliant mechanism with spatial multiple degrees of freedom(DOF),the topology optimization method,combined with the isomorphic mapping matrix,is proposed in this paper for structure synthesis of a 6-DOF spatial compliant mechanism.By using the differential approximation method,the Jacobian matrix of the Stewart prototype platform is calculated as the isomorphic mapping matrix,and its eigenvalues and eigenvectors are considered.Combining the isomorphic mapping matrix with the solid isotropic material with the penalization topology optimization method,the topological model of the 6-DOF spatial compliant mechanism is constructed,and a topological structure of the 6-DOF spatial compliant mechanism is derived which has the same differential kinematic characteristics as the Gough-Stewart prototype platform.Piezoelectric actuators are mounted inside the topological structure during the three-dimensional printing manufacturing process,and its driver directions are in accordance with the driver configuration directions of the Gough-Stewart prototype platform.The effectiveness of the proposed method for topological structure synthesis of the 6-DOF spatial compliant mechanism is demonstrated through several numerical examples and experimental studies.

Realization of orientation interpolation of 6-axis articulated robot using quaternion

In general, the orientation interpolation of industrial robots has been done based on Euler angle system which can result in singular point （so-called Gimbal Lock）. However, quaternion interpolation has the advantage of natural （specifically smooth） orientation interpolation without Gimbal Lock. This work presents the application of quatemion interpolation, specifically Spherical Linear IntERPolation （SLERP）, to the orientation control of the 6-axis articulated robot （RS2） using LabVIEW and RecurDyn. For the comparison of SLERP with linear Euler interpolation in the view of smooth movement （profile） of joint angles （torques）, the two methods are dynamically simulated on RS2 by using both LabVIEW and RecurDyn. Finally, our original work, specifically the implementation of SLERP and linear Euler interpolation on the actual robot, i.e. RS2, is done using LabVIEW motion control tool kit. The SLERP orientation control is shown to be effective in terms of smooth joint motion and torque when compared to a conventional （linear） Euler interpolation.

6-DOF motion estimation using optical flow based on dual cameras

Because of its characteristics of simple algorithm and hardware, optical flow-based motion estimation has become a hot research field, especially in GPS-denied environment. Optical flow could be used to obtain the aircraft motion information, but the six-(degree of freedom)(6-DOF) motion still couldn't be accurately estimated by existing methods. The purpose of this work is to provide a motion estimation method based on optical flow from forward and down looking cameras, which doesn't rely on the assumption of level flight. First, the distribution and decoupling method of optical flow from forward camera are utilized to get attitude. Then, the resulted angular velocities are utilized to obtain the translational optical flow of the down camera, which can eliminate the influence of rotational motion on velocity estimation. Besides, the translational motion estimation equation is simplified by establishing the relation between the depths of feature points and the aircraft altitude. Finally, simulation results show that the method presented is accurate and robust.