Analysis of Phenotypes Associated with Deficiency of PAX6 Haplotypes in Chinese Aniridia Families

Objective To examine the clinical phenotype and genetic deficiencies present in Chinese aniridia families with PAX6 haplotype deficiency.Methods A comprehensive questionnaire and ophthalmological assessments were administered to both affected patients and unaffected relatives.The clinical feature analysis included the evaluation of visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp anterior segment examination,fundus photography,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.To identify the mutation responsible for aniridia,targeted next-generation sequencing was used as a beneficial technique.Results A total of 4 mutations were identified,consisting of two novel frameshift mutations(c.314delA,p.K105Sfs*33 and c.838_845dup AACACACC,p.S283Tfs*85),along with two recurring nonsense mutations(c.307C>T,p.R103X and c.619A>T,p.K207*).Complete iris absence,macular foveal hypoplasia,and nystagmus were consistent in these PAX6 haplotype-deficient Chinese aniridia families,while corneal lesions,cataracts,and glaucoma exhibited heterogeneity both among the families and within the same family.Conclusion In our study,two novel PAX6 mutations associated with aniridia were identified in Chinese families,which expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of PAX6 mutations.We also analyzed the clinical characteristics of PAX6 haplotype deficiency in Chinese aniridia families.

Genetic Analysis of Two Novel GPI Variants Disrupting H Bonds and Localization Characteristics of 55 Gene Variants Associated with Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Deficiency

Objective:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(GPI)deficiency is a rare hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by GPI gene variants.This disorder exhibits wide heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations and molecular characteristics,often posing challenges for precise diagnoses using conventional methods.To this end,this study aimed to identify the novel variants responsible for GPI deficiency in a Chinese family.Methods:The clinical manifestations of the patient were summarized and analyzed for GPI deficiency phenotype diagnosis.Novel compound heterozygous variants of the GPI gene,c.174C>A(p.Asn58Lys)and c.1538G>T(p.Trp513Leu),were identified using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing.The AlphaFold program and Chimera software were used to analyze the effects of compound heterozygous variants on GPI structure.Results:By characterizing 53 GPI missense/nonsense variants from previous literature and two novel missense variants identified in this study,we found that most variants were located in exons 3,4,12,and 18,with a few localized in exons 8,9,and 14.This study identified novel compound heterozygous variants associated with GPI deficiency.These pathogenic variants disrupt hydrogen bonds formed by highly conserved GPI amino acids.Conclusion:Early family-based sequencing analyses,especially for patients with congenital anemia,can help increase diagnostic accuracy for GPI deficiency,improve child healthcare,and enable genetic counseling.

Effect of Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) Extracts on Hemolysis in Individuals with G6PD-Deficiency

Individuals with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are susceptible to hemolytic anemia when exposed to pro-oxidant substances. This study investigates the hemolytic impact of Artemisia annua (A. annua) extracts in G6PD-deficient subjects through a mixed experimental approach. In the in vitro phase, red blood cells from G6PD-deficient individuals and rats induced with Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were exposed to various concentrations of A. annua infusion, with distilled water and physiological saline as positive and negative controls respectively. The in vivo study involved G6PD-deficient Wistar rats divided into three groups receiving A. annua infusion, quinine (positive control), and distilled water (negative control) via gavage. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analyses. Notably, at a 40% concentration of A. annua infusion, there was a significant increase in the hemolysis rate of G6PD-deficient red blood cells compared to controls (p A. annua exhibited elevated aspartate aminotransferase (129.25 ± 4.55 U/L vs. 80.09 ± 4.03 U/L;p A. annua infusion tested positive for saponins. These findings underscore the risk of hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals upon ingesting A. annua.

Status epilepticus due to fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency caused by FBP1 gene mutation

Introduction:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder in gluconeogenesis,characterized by hypoglycemia,ketonuria,metabolic acidosis and convulsions.Case presentation:We describe two brothers with FBPase deficiency.The proband developed severe hypoglycemia and progressed to status epilepticus,and the brother showed slightly hypoglycemia with a good prognosis.Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous variants [c.333+1333+2delinsTC and c.490G>A (p.Gly164Ser)] in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 gene in the two brothers,which were inherited from the father and the mother,respectively.Conclusion:Genetic analysis provided a solid basis for a definite diagnosis and the determination of precision therapies for the patient.

G6PD Deficiency and COVID-19 in Burkina Faso: A Possible Link?

Burkina Faso is a malaria-endemic country, with a high incidence of G6PD deficiency (G6PDd), which recorded its first case of COVID-19 in March 2020. G6PDd leads to a decrease in the efficiency of erythrocytes to combat oxidative stress, while SARS-CoV-2 infection induces massive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in patients. In the present review, we discuss a possible link between G6PDd and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mean prevalence of G6PDd in Burkina Faso is estimated at 16.6% among males and 6.5% among females. A total of 21,128 cases of COVID-19 have been recorded in Burkina Faso with 387 deaths reported (with a mortality rate of 1.15% among diagnosed cases) as of August 30, 2022. To our knowledge, no association study between G6PDd and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been conducted to date in Burkina Faso. However, several case reports around the world have described elevated risks of hemolysis and thrombosis, and other complications among G6PD-deficient patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The use of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has also been deemed unsafe by some authors for the treatment of COVID-19 among patients with G6PDd. Although HCQ has been shown to be well tolerated in COVID-19 patients in Burkina Faso, the drug could induce hemolytic crises in people with G6PD deficiency. G6PD is important in regulating ROS and maintaining erythrocyte homeostasis. In view of its high prevalence in Burkina Faso, determination of the G6PD status is required in COVID-19 patients for adequate management such as identifying a subset of COVID-19 patients for whom close monitoring and supportive care may be essential and to restrict treatment with HCQ.

Iron versus Iron and Vitamin B6 Supplementation in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Quasi Experimental Trial

Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is clear evidence to support prompt treatment in all patients with iron deficiency anemia because it is known that treatment improves quality of life and physical condition as well as alleviates fatigue and cognitive deficits. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of addition of vitamin B6 to iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women during the second trimester. Patients and Methods: The study was done by giving anemia pregnant women iron therapy and vitamin B6 which represent group A and iron therapy alone which represents group B. For each pregnant woman, age, parity and gestational history were taken before treatment. All pregnant women took their allocated treatment regularly for three weeks after diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with complete blood picture and followed up after three weeks. Results: Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of therapy according to the hemoglobin level before treatment (p-value = 0.734), statistically significant higher mean value in after treatment than before treatment (p-value = 0.048), there was a significant difference in the rate of change of hemoglobin (p-value = 0.011) and body mass index (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B6 seems to increase hemoglobin level more than iron only. Thus, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia iron plus vitamin B6 may be considered as a more effective alternative treatment than iron only.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Icteric Newborns at the Essos-Yaoundé-Cameroon Hospital

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an enzymopathy characterized by insufficient production of reduced glutathione (GSH), a molecule known for its antioxidant role. This lack of GSH leads to a deficit in the elimination of peroxide ions from the red blood cells, causing thereby hemolytic accidents, which can be fatal if not properly managed. In neonates, the clinical picture is most often that of neonatal jaundice. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the place of G6PD deficiency as a cause of neonatal jaundice at Essos Hospital Centre. Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study over three months. Blood samples taken from newborns aged 0 to 28 days were analyzed in the medical analysis laboratory of the Essos Hospital Centre in Yaoundé. We carried out a determination of the enzymatic activity of G6PD, a blood count and the determination of the bilirubin level. The results obtained were analysed using R statistical software version 4.1.1. Linear regression analyses were used to assess correlations between the variables of interest. Results: Sixty-nine icteric neonates constituted our study population, with a total of 40 boys (58%) and 29 girls (42%) with a sex ratio of 1.37 in favour of boys. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in icteric children was 50.72%. The mean hemoglobin was 15.3 ± 3.08 g/dL and the mean red blood cell count was 4.52 ± 1.01 × 106/mm3. The mean total bilirubin was 122 ± 48.3 mg/L with a maximum of 308 mg/L and the mean free bilirubin was 104 ± 46.6 mg/L with a maximum of 292 mg/L. Furthermore, after linear regression analysis, we obtained a positive and significant correlation between G6PD enzymatic activity and hemoglobin level (r = 0.33;p ≤ 0.001), G6PD red blood cell level (r = 0.26;p Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice in G6PD-deficient children is a real public health problem and the prevention of hemolysis in children requires an early diagnosis of the enzyme disorder and good follow-up of the children.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Difficulties in Diagnosis at the Souro Sanou University Hospital, Burkina Faso

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymopathy worldwide. The precise prevalence of G6PD is unknown in Burkina Faso. The objective of the study was to describe the difficulties to diagnose this disease at the Souro Sanou University hospital (CHUSS) in Bobo-Dioulasso. It involved five patients comprising one child with homozygous SS sickle cell disease, one adolescent screened following a family investigation, and three adults including a man and two women. Blood smear stained with May Grunwald Giemsa was performed to look for specific signs of G6PD-deficient red blood cell and brilliant cresyl Blue for Heinz Bodies. A microscope Olympus BX53 equipped with a Camera (XC10) and connected to a computer was used to read blood smears and capture images. Genes sequencing by Sanger method were performed in a specialized laboratory in molecular genetics. For each analysis, the protocol and instructions of the equipment and reagent manufacturer were applied. Of the five patients, three had anemia and only one had hyperreticulocytosis. Two patients had biological signs of hemolysis and one patient had an elevated CRP. Blood smear stained with MGG and cresyl blue showed specific signs of G6PD-deficient red blood cells and Heinz bodies in all patients. Biochemical analysis and molecular typing confirmed G6PD deficiency. The presence of G6PD-deficient red blood cells in the blood smear guides the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. The diagnosis is biochemical and is based on the combined measurement of G6PD plus pyruvate kinase and/or hexokinase.

Prevalence of Association of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Disease at the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou in Benin

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and sickle cell disease are common genetic defects of red blood cells that lead to hemolytic anemia. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in sickle cell patients is unknown in Benin. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in sickle cell patients at the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from April to November 2022 at the blood-related diseases teaching clinic and included sickle cell patients in the stationary phase. G6PD determination was performed using the enzymatic method on a Mindray BS 200 machine following the Herz method. Hematological parameters were determined using the XT 4000i analyzer and supplemented by a blood smear stained with May Grunwald Giemsa. Data were analyzed using Epi Info 3.5.4 software. Results: One hundred and sixty-four sickle cell patients (80 SS homozygotes and 84 SC heterozygotes) in the intercritical phase, with a mean age of 26.30 ± 10.76 years, were included. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 9.1% (15 cases found in 7 SS patients and 8 SC patients). In G6PD-deficient patients, the mean concentration of the enzyme was lower in Hb SC heterozygotes than in Hb SS homozygotes: 3.56 IU/g Hb versus 4.98 IU/g Hb. The mean reticulocyte count was 231.43 G/L in the deficient group, compared to 216.32 G/L in the non-deficient group. Conclusion: The preliminary results of our study reveal a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in sickle cell patients. The impact of this association on hematologic and biological parameters should be evaluated for better management of sickle cell disease.

Structure and Expression Analyses of a Gene Encoding Fructose-6-Phosphate, 2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase from Maize

A full-length cDNA encoding fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from maize (Zea mays L.) was cloned by the methods of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and designated as mF2KP. The encoded protein is composed of two regions. Its COOH-terminal region is catalytic region and homologous to the enzymes from other eukaryotes; and its NH 2-terminal region is common and special region only in plant. A truncated fragment of mF2KP covering integrated catalytic region was expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein had the activities of fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase as well as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Northern blot showed that the transcript level of mF2KP in seedlings initiated from strong-vigor seeds is lower than that from weak-vigor seeds.

Isolation of a 1 195 bp 5′-Flanking Region of Rice Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and Analysis of Its Expression in Transgenic Rice

A genomic DNA fragment containing the 5'-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to the cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) cDNA was isolated by Genome Walking. The 1 195 lip 5'-flanking region which started from the translation initiation ATG codon was fused to reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and stably transferred to rice via particle bombardment. Strong GUS activity was detected in leaves and leaf sheaths of transgenic rice, but not in culms and roots. Histochemical localization revealed that GUS expression was exclusively restricted to mesophyll cells in transgenic rice. Our results indicate that the 1 195 bp fragment contains all the cis-elements required for directing mesophyll-specific expression pattern in rice.

Cloning and expression analysis of the chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene from Pyropia haitanensis

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase（FBPase） is one of the key enzymes in Calvin circle and starch biosynthesis. In this study, the full-length of cpFBPase gene from Pyropia haitanensis was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE） technology. The nucleotide sequence of PhcpFBPase consists of 1 400 bp, including a 5′ untranslated region（UTR） of 92 bp, a 3′？UTR of 69 bp, and an open reading frame（ORF） of 1 236 bp, which can be translated into a 412-amino-acid putative peptides with a molecular weight of 44.3 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.23. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the protein belonged to the chloroplast FBPase enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein assembled with the cpFBPase of a thermal tolerant unicellular red micro-algae Galdieria sulphuraria. Expression patterns analyzed by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of PhcpFBPase gene in the thallus phage was 7-fold higher than in the conchocelis phage, which suggested the different mechanisms of inorganic carbon utilization among the different life phages of P. haitanensis. And the different response modes of PhcpFBPase mRNA levels to high temperature and desiccation stress indicated that PhcpFBPase played an important role in responsing to abiotic stress.

Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency in India: A Systematic Review

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency of human erythrocyte affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. In India, G6PD deficiency was first reported in 1963 and since then various investigations have been conducted across country. The objective of this work was to study the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in different ethnic, caste and linguistic groups of Indian population. A systematic search of published literature was undertaken and the wide variability of G6PD deficiency has been observed ranging from 0% - 30.7% among the different caste, ethnic, and linguistic groups of India. It was observed that the incidence of G6PD deficiency was found to be considerably higher among the tribes (9.86%) as compared to other ethnic groups (7.34%) and significantly higher in males as compared to females.

IL-6/JAK2/STAT3通路中葛花解酲汤对脾虚湿热型溃疡性结肠炎“炎-癌转化”的预防作用

目的:探讨葛花解酲汤对脾虚湿热型溃疡性结肠炎“炎-癌转化”(UC-UCAC)小鼠结肠组织IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响。方法:80只SPF级C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机选出10只作为空白组,其余70只为造模组。造模组在建立脾虚湿热模型后随机分为模型组(第1、2、3周期)、葛花解酲汤高、中、低剂量组、美沙拉嗪组,10只/组,以氧化偶氮甲烷(AOM)/葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)继续建立UC-UCAC转化模型。各组给予相应药物治疗4周。观察小鼠一般状态;统计小鼠疾病活动指数(DAI)评分;HE染色观察小鼠结肠黏膜组织病理;Western blot、IHC和RT-q PCR检测小鼠结肠组织EGFR、IL-6、JAK2、STAT3、 p-STAT3蛋白和基因表达。结果:与空白组相比,模型组(第3周期)小鼠一般状态较差,结肠黏膜组织出现癌变,DAI评分、各目标蛋白及基因表达显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组(第3周期)相比,各治疗组小鼠一般状态有所恢复,结肠组织病理不同程度改善,除葛花解酲汤低剂量组外,其他各治疗组各目标蛋白及基因表达显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:葛花解酲汤可能通过抑制IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路激活破坏肿瘤炎症微环境,修复受损结肠黏膜组织,延缓UC-UCAC进程,预防UCAC。

Effects of variant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and thalassemia on cholelithiasis

AIM： To test the hypothesis that the variant UDP- glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 （UGT1A1） gene, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PD） deficiency, and thalassemia influence bilirubin metabolism and play a role in the development of cholelithiasis. METHODS： A total of 372 Taiwan Chinese with cholelithiasis who had undergone cholecystectomy and 293 healthy individuals were divided into case and control groups, respectively. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to analyze the promoter area and nucleotides 211, 686, 1 091, and 1 456 of the UGT1A1 gene for all subjects and the gene variants for thalassemia and G6PD deficiency. RESULTS： Variation frequencies for the cholelithiasis patients were 16.1%, 25.8%, 5.4%, and 4.3% for A（TA）6 TAA/A（TA）TTAA （6/7）, heterozygosity within the coding region, compound heterozygosity, and homozygosity of the UGT1A1 gene, respectively. Comparing the case and control groups, a statistically significant difference in frequency was demonstrated for the homozygous variation of the UGT1A1 gene （P = 0.012, Z2 test）, but not for the other variations. Further, no difference was demonstrated in a between-group comparison of the incidence of G6PD deficiency and thalassemia （2.7% vs 2.4% and 5.1% vs 5.1%, respectively）. The bilirubin levels for the cholelithiasis patients with the homozygous variant-UGT1A1 gene were significantly different from the control analog （18.0±6.5 and 12.7±2.9 μmol/L, respectively; P〈0.001, Student＇s ttest）.CONCLUSION： Our results show that the homozygous variation in the UGT1A1 gene is a risk factor for the development of cholelithiasis in Taiwan Chinese. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Steady-State Sickle Cell Disease Children at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin

Background: Both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and sickle cell disease (SCD) are prevalent in malaria-endemic regions. Controversy however persists as to whether G6PD deficiency is commoner in SCD subjects compared with the general population. Co-existence of the enzyme-deficient state with a chronic haemolytic disorder, like SCD, could potentially predispose to fatal haemolytic episodes. There is however a dearth of paediatric studies on this subject. Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic determinants of G6PD deficiency in children with SCD. Methods: Red cell G6PD activity was determined in 115 steady-state sickle cell disease children aged 0.5 - 17 years, in steady state and equal number of age & gender-matched non-SCD controls using the quantitative method. A measured G6PD activity of U/gHb defined G6PD deficiency while values ≥6.97 U/gHb were regarded as normal. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Statistical analyses done include chi-square, student t-test and ANOVA. For all statistical analyses, p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There were 64 (55.7%) males and 51 (44.3%) females in each of the arms of the study. The mean age of the study population was 8.4 ± 4.7 years. Seven of the subjects were G6PD-deficient giving a prevalence of 6.1% which was not significantly different from the 7.0% obtained in the controls (p = 0.789). G6PD deficiency was more frequently encountered in the older age groups although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.438). Similarly, mean G6PD activity was highest in the under-5 age-group compared to the older age-groups analysed (p = 0.573). The condition was also commoner in the males than females although the difference did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.897). Conclusions: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency among SCD children was 6.1%. The condition is marginally commoner in males and older children.

115462例新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症筛查及基因突变分析

目的了解贵阳地区葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,G6PD)缺乏症发病情况和基因突变特点,为贵阳地区G6PD缺乏症的防治提供科学参考。方法募集该地区2020年8月至2023年1月出生的新生儿,应用荧光分析法对其血斑样本进行G6PD酶活性筛查,召回初筛阳性儿,完成G6PD酶活性诊断及多色探针荧光PCR熔解曲线法(Multicolor probe melting curve analysis method,MMCA)基因突变分析。结果共募集115462例新生儿,G6PD酶活性筛查血斑样本共筛出阳性1606例,筛查阳性率为1.39%(1606/115462),其中男性为1.83%(1130/61801)、女性0.89%(476/53661),男女新生儿G6PD酶活性初筛阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);召回初筛阳性患儿,G6PD基因突变检出率87.07%(909/1044),其中男性为90.09%(764/848),女性为73.98%(145/196),男女间G6PD基因突变检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。本研究共检出13种类型G6PD基因单一突变型(c.1024 G>T、c.1388 G>A、c.95 A>G、c.1376 G>T、c.592C>T、c.871 G>A、c.519 C>T、c.392G>T、c.493 A>G、c.1004C>A、c.1360C>T、c.383T>C、c.517T>C)和6种复合突变型(c.1376 G>T杂合复合c.95A>G杂合突变、c.1024 G>T杂合复合c.95A>G杂合突变、c.1024 C>T杂合复合c.1388 G>A杂合突变、c.1024 C>T杂合复合c.519C>T杂合突变、c.1376 G>T杂合复合c.1024 C>T杂合突变、c.95A>G杂合复合c.1388 G>A杂合突变)。贵阳地区G6PD缺乏症基因突变类型复杂多样,G6PD突变常见类型为c.1024 C>T、c.1388G>A、c.95 A>G、c.1376G>T这四种类型。结论贵阳地区G6PD基因突变位点具有明显地域性特征,开展G6PD酶活性筛查及相关诊断检测,有利于本地区G6PD缺乏症的筛查、确诊、治疗和防控,有效提高出生人口素质。

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency is associated with asymptomatic malaria in a rural community in Burkina Faso

Objective:To investigate 4 combinations of mutations responsible for glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in a rural community of Burkina Faso,a malaria endemic country.Methods:Two hundred individuals in a rural community were genotyped for the mutations A376 G.G202A,A542 T,G680T and T968 C using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:The prevalence of the G6 PD deficiency was 9.5%,in the study population.It was significantly higher in men compared to women(14.23%vs 6.0%,P=0.049).The 202A/376 G G6PD Awas the only deficient variant detected.Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic parasitemia was significantly higher among the C6PD-non—deficient persons compared to the G6PD-deficient(P<0.001).The asymptomatic parasitemia was also significantly higher among G(SPI) nondeficient compared to C6PD—heterozygous females(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study showed that the G6 PD A- variant associated with protection against asymptomatic malaria in Burkina Faso is probably the most common deficient variant.

金氏鼻渊方治疗鼻窦炎肺气虚寒证的疗效及对IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β1水平的影响

目的:观察金氏鼻渊方治疗鼻窦炎肺气虚寒证的临床疗效及对鼻分泌物白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1水平的影响。方法:选取2021年9月~2023年6月苏州市中西医结合医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊接诊的慢性鼻窦炎病例共计100例,根据随机数字法分为对照组与观察组各50例。对照组患者予常规药物治疗;观察组患者予金氏鼻渊方服用。两组均连续观察1个月。比较两组患者主观病情评分、鼻窦CT评分与鼻内镜检测评分、治疗效果以及鼻分泌物IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β1水平。结果:治疗后,两组病例视觉模拟量表(VAS)、Lund-Mackay、Lund-Kennedy评分显著减少,且观察组减少更显著(P<0.05);1个月疗程后,观察组病例的总有效率为94.00%,显著高于对照组(78.00%)(P<0.05);1个月疗程后,两组患者鼻分泌物IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β1水平明显减少,且观察组减少更显著(P<0.05)。结论:金氏鼻渊方治疗鼻窦炎肺气虚寒证的临床疗效显著,能改善患者的临床症状,抑制炎症反应。

Epidemiological analysis on the incidence of thalassemia and G6PD deficiency in the population of childbearing age in Hengxian county in Guangxi

Objective:We investigated the incidence of thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)deficiency in people of childbearing age of Hengxian in Guangxi,to further provide scientific data for the diagnosis,treatment and prepotency consultation for thalassemia.Methods:A total of 12,489subjects at childbearing age who were undergoing a routine prenatal check-up in Hengxian family planning service stations were recruited in this study between January 2014and December 2014.They were screened for thalassemia by mean corpuscular volume(MCV)and mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH).The people with positive results then underwent thalassemia gene test.The G6PD activities were measured by enzyme kinetic method.Results:The incidence of thalassemia was 20.26%(2,530/12,489)in Hengxian,among which the incidences ofα-thalassemia,β-thalassemia,andα-thalassemia co-inheritance ofβ-thalassemia were13.20%,6.13%and 0.93%respectively.The incidence of G6PD deficiency was 5.39%(617/12,489),and the ratio between male and female is 4.27∶1.25types ofα-thalassemia genotype and 8types ofβ-thalassemia genotype were identified.The genotypes ofSEA/ααand the genotypes of41-42Mβ/Nβwere the most common genetic types forα-thalassemia andβ-thalassemia respectively.Conclusion:Hengxian is a high prevalence area of thalassemia and G6PD deficiency.SEAmutation type is the most common type inα-thalassemia,and the CD 41-42mutation is the most common type inβ-thalassemia in Hengxian.