The impact of^(60)Co-γirradiation on the chemical constituents of Chuanxiong Rhizoma

Background:In order to clarify the inmpat ofγirradiation on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine,this paper carefully choosed Chuanxiong Rhizoma to carry on a demonstration study.Methods:Through a meticulous assessment,a comprehensive comparison was made between the irradiated and unirradiated Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples.The property characteristics were investigated by colorimeter and electronic nose.The changes in chemical structures and contents was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy,high performance liquid chromatography and fingerprinting.In a quest to uncover the presence of any new radiolysis products,cutting-edge techniques like ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed.Moreover,the difference of antioxidant activity were investigated.Results:The irradiation doses within 12 kGy had no significant effects on the content of the main chemical components,characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,while changes in some functional groups and degradation of some volatile oil components containing olefins need further study.Conclusion:This study indicates that^(60)Co-γirradiation is a stable method for sterilization of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It’s also provide a reference for the establishment of irradiation standards for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other aromatic medicinal plants.

^(60)Co-γ射线对不同无花果品种一年生枝条的辐射效应分析

【目的】研究^(60)Co-γ射线对不同无花果品种一年生枝条死亡率、抗氧化酶活性等相关理化指标的影响,确定最佳辐射诱变剂量,为利用^(60)Co-γ射线辐射诱变技术提高无花果遗传多样性、创造新种质、培育优良新品种提供科学依据。【方法】以无花果品种布兰瑞克和中华紫果一年生休眠枝为试材,采用^(60)Co-γ射线为辐照源,设置不同剂量0、30、45、60、75 Gy的辐射处理,分析辐照引起枝叶死亡率、酶活性等变化。【结果】随着辐射剂量的增加,2个无花果品种扦插苗成活率呈下降趋势,株高、茎粗、节间长度、叶片长度、叶片宽度和分枝数指标呈下降趋势,叶片长宽比差异不显著。中华紫果品种的SOD、POD、CAT等酶活性均呈现先增后减的趋势,分别在45、60 Gy剂量时达到峰值,MDA含量呈现一直上升趋势,H_(2)O_(2)含量呈现先增后降趋势。布兰瑞克品种的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性,随着辐射剂量的增加均呈现先降后增趋势。MDA、H_(2)O_(2)含量基本保持上升趋势。【结论】辐射导致无花果扦插苗幼苗生长缓慢、株高矮化、茎粗变细、叶片变小、分枝减少。中华紫果的半致死辐射剂量为56 Gy,布兰瑞克为70 Gy,布兰瑞克对辐射的耐受性高于中华紫果。

^(60)Co-γ辐照对卵清蛋白糖基化体系结构和糖基化产物的影响

为探究^(60)Co-γ辐照对糖基化体系结构和糖基化产物的影响,以卵清蛋白(OVA)-葡萄糖体系为研究对象,经0,25,50,75,100 kGy的^(60)Co-γ辐照后,采用SDS-PAGE、荧光光谱、圆二色谱测定其分子质量、三级结构及二级结构的变化。借助高效液相色谱法、紫外光谱法测定其体系内产生的有害糖基化产物(果糖胺、丙烯酰胺、荧光性AGEs、戊糖素、类黑精)的含量。OVA分子质量和表面疏水性的增加、内源荧光强度和α-螺旋含量的降低、β-结构(β-折叠和β-转角)含量的增加表明,^(60)Co-γ辐照呈剂量依赖性,促进了OVA与葡萄糖的糖基化反应。此外,^(60)Co-γ辐照后体系内产生的果糖胺、丙烯酰胺的含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在辐照剂量为50 kGy时达到最大值。荧光性AGEs、戊糖素、类黑精的含量以剂量依赖性方式增加。综合来看,为了减少辐照加工过程中蛋制品内有害糖基化产物的含量,提高其安全性,需将^(60)Co-γ辐照的剂量控制在25 kGy以内。本研究结果为未来扩展食品辐照技术在蛋制品方面的应用提供一定的科学依据。

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nano-particles by ^（60）Co γ-ray Irradiation

By using a new method, ^60Co γ-ray irradiation, Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particles were successfully synthesized at room temperature under ambient pressure. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM） and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, respectively. The radiation formation mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the absorbed dose can greatly influence the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products. XRD and TEM studies show that the product prepared by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） is pure FesO4 phase and the mean diameter of these nano-particles is about 21 nm. The Fe3O4 nano-particles synthesized by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） are mainly in small cubic shape and the size uniformity of these particles is good.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对利咽含漱液中木犀草苷含量的影响

目的探讨^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对利咽含漱液中木犀草苷含量的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液(20∶80,V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为350 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。分别以6,10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线对照品进行辐照,测定其中木犀草苷的含量。结果木犀草苷质量浓度在1.8954~47.3858μg/m L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9997,n=6);检测限和定量限分别为0.2 ng和0.4 ng;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率为100.47%,RSD为2.60%(n=9);样品辐照前(0 kGy)、辐照后(6,10 kGy)木犀草苷平均含量分别为23.8901,16.2693,12.7434μg/mL,RSD分别为2.73%,0.50%,1.36%(n=3)。考虑批间差异、药材差异等的影响,制剂中木犀草苷的含量限度暂定为20μg/mL。结论所建立的方法操作简便,重复性好,专属性强,结果可靠,可用于利咽含漱液的质量评价。利咽含漱液不宜使用^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌。

^(60)Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对辣椒干制品颜色的影响

本研究通过比较分析色差、非酶褐变值、色价和R/Y值来探讨^(60)Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对辣椒干制品颜色的影响。实验中设定不同剂量(0 kGy、3 kGy、7 kGy、16 kGy)处理和不同贮藏时间(0 d、30 d)。结果显示:在0 d贮藏条件下,经过16 kGy ^(60)Co-γ射线处理的干辣椒样品a*值减小13%,非酶褐变值增加12%,R/Y值降低16%;而经过7kGy电子束处理的干辣椒样品a*值、b*值和L*值明显低于经过^(60)Co-γ射线处理的样品。此外,无论是经过^(60)Co-γ射线还是电子束处理后,随着剂量增加,0 d贮藏条件下辣椒粉样品的色差增加,非酶褐变值降低;在16kGy剂量下,经过^(60)Co-γ射线处理得到的辣椒粉样品ΔE*高于电子束处理得到的样品,并且非酶褐变值明显低于电子束处理。在贮藏30d后,经过7kGy剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线和电子束处理得到的辣椒粉样品ΔE*显著高于其他剂量组,并且以经过7 kGy ^(60)Co-γ射线处理得到的样品ΔE*最高。结果提示,与^(60)Co-γ射线相比电子束对于辣椒干制品颜色产生更小程度的影响;辐照对于辣椒粉的颜色影响大于干辣椒。

Differential Expression of Retrotransposon WIS 2-1A Response to Vacuum, Low-Energy N^+ Implantation and ^(60)Coγ-ray Irradiation in Wheat

Mutagenesis and retrotransposons have a close relationship, but little attention has been paid yet to the activity of retrotransposons produced by physical mutagens. The variation of retrotransposon WIS 2-1A activity in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） embryos at three different growth times （30 h, 45 h and 60 h） was investigated after they had been treated with N^＋ implantation in a vacuum of 5× 10^-2 Pa and irradiation by ^60Coγ-ray respectively. For each of the three growth times the expression of WIS 2-1A showed almost entirely a same trend of downregulation, upregulation, then downregulation, and upregulation again with the increase in dose of N^＋ implantation, but the expression appeared irregular with the increase in irradiation of ^60Coγ-ray. In conclusion, the acutely activating effect of WIS 2-1A stimulated by vacuum and high dose N^＋ implantation within a shorter incubation time may provide a convenient tool to advance the research on mutagenic breeding and function genes.

Structural modification of C_(60) films induced by 300-keV Xe-ion irradiation

The structural modification of C60 films induced by 300-keV Xe-ion irradiation was investigated. The irradiated C60 films were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the Raman scattering technique, ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy. The analysis results indicate that the Xe-ion irradiation induces polymerization and damage of the C60 molecule and significantly modifies the surface morphology and the optical property of the C60 films. The damage cross-section for the C60 molecule was also evaluated.

The effects of ^(60)Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

The effects of ^60Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode high-electron- mobility transistors （E-mode HEMTs） are investigated. The results show that having been irradiated by^60Co γ-rays at a dose of 3 Mrad （Si）, the E-mode HEMT reduces its saturation drain current and maximal transconductance by 6% and 5%, respectively, and significantly increases both forward and reverse gate currents, while its threshold voltage is affected only slightly. The obvious performance degradation of E-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs is consistent with the creation of electronegative surface state charges in the source-gate spacer and gate-drain spacer after being irradiated.

Primary Observations on the Influence of ^(60)Co Local Irradiation on Free Skin Flaps

Objective To study the effect of postoperative radiation on free skin flaps. Methods Twenty-nine patients with free skin flaps applied to the plerosis of the postoperative defect were followed up. Twenty-eight out of 29 patients received forearm free flaps while 1 had anterolater-al femoris skin flaps in a size ranging from 14cm×6cm to 8cm×4cm. These flaps were exposed to 60Co radiation ranging 40-69 Gy. Results Observation during irradiation, no visible changes of skin flaps and oral mucous membrane were detected, when irradiation dose was within 40 Gy; some changes may be detected over 40 Gy. Observation 1 - 4 months after irradiation: pigmentations were found in areas of erosion epidermis; skin flaps got dark but without evidence of necrosis. Observation 2 years after irradiation, rib necrosis happened in 29 skin flaps. Hairs were found on 15 of 29 flaps. Sensation occurred within the margin of 1 cm. Conclusion Free skin flap can endure irradiation at the dose of 60 Gy.

Preparation of Thermal-responsive Chitosan-graft-N-isopropyl- acrylamide Membranes via γ-Ray Irradiation

A novel thermo-sensitive switching membrane has been prepared by radiation-induced simultaneous grafting N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAAm） onto chitosan membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to identify the structure of the grafted membranes. The surface morphology of the grafted membrane was observed from scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Pure water flux measurements showed that water flux of the grafted membrane decreased with the increase of temperature, while that of chitosan membrane was constant. It was proved that grafted membrane was sensitive to temperature.

Novel Method of Preparation of Monolithic Columns for Fast Separation byγ-Ray Irradiation

A porous monolithic sol-gel column with the solution of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in toluene with an acid catalyst was prepared in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In situ polymerization was carded out by γ-ray irradiation within the capillary. The γ-radiation-initiated synthesis could generate radicals directly on the monomer avoiding use of any initiator. The chromatographic behavior of the capillary monolithic columns were studied in the modes of CEC, p-CEC and low pressure-driven separation, all the tests exhibited reversed-phase character. It provided a viable alternative to either thermally initiated or photo polymerization method for the preparation of monolithic columns.

The effect ofγ-ray irradiation on the SOT magnetic films and Hall devices

Magnetoresistive random access memories(MRAMs)have drawn the attention of radiation researchers due to their potential high radiation tolerance.In particular,spin-orbit torque MRAM(SOT-MRAM)has the best performance on endurance and access speed,which is considered to be one of the candidates to replace SRAM for space application.However,little attention has been given to theγ-ray irradiation effect on the SOT-MRAM device yet.Here,we report the Co-60 irradiation results for both SOT(spin-orbit torque)magnetic films and SOT-Hall devices with the same stacks.The properties of magnetic films are not affected by radiation even with an accumulated dose up to 300 krad(Si)while the magnetoelectronic properties of SOTHall devices exhibit a reversible change behavior during the radiation.We propose a non-equilibrium anomalous Hall effect model to understand the phenomenon.Achieved results and proposed analysis in this work can be used for the material and structure design of memory cell in radiation-hardened SOT-MRAM.

STUDY OF RAY IRRADIATION ON DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILMS

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been deposited on glass substrates usingradio-frequency (rf) plasma deposition method. Gamma -ray, ultraviolet (UV) ray were used toirradiate the DLC films. Raman spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were use to characterizethe changing characteristics of SP^3 C-H bond and hydrogen content in the films due to theirradiations. The results show that, the damage degrees induced by the UV ray on the SP^3 C-H bondsare much stronger than that by the gamma -ray. When the irradiation dose of gamma -ray reaches 1 OX10^4 Gy, the SP^3 C-H bond reduces about 50 percent in number. The square electrical resistance ofthe films is reduced due to the irradiation of UV ray and this is caused by severe oxidation of thefilms. By using the results on optical gap of the films and the fully constrained network theory,the hydrogen content in the as-deposited films is estimated to be l0-25at. percent.

Study on Several Characteristics of Agaricus blazei MurrilStrain J_3 Irradiated by ^(60)Co

A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on amino acids and fatty acid illuminated that the nutrient value of strain J3 fruiting body was better than the original strain. The apparent nodule structure was found in the hyphea of J3 strain through the observation by scanning electron microscope. RAPD analysis showed the great difference of PCR fingerprints between J3 and its original strain. It is a promising mutant strain for further commercial development in the future.

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌前后发酵虫草菌粉(Cs-4)中脂肪酸类成分稳定性研究

目的:建立同时测定^(60)Co-γ射线辐照前后发酵虫草菌粉(Cs-4)中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量的方法,并对5种脂肪酸类成分的稳定性进行考察。方法:采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为DB-WAX毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm×0.25μm),程序升温,检测器为氢离子火焰检测器,检测器温度为280℃,进样口温度为270℃,载气为高纯氮气,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为1μL,进样分流比为10∶1。通过影响因素试验、加速试验及长期试验考察^(60)Co-γ射线辐照前后发酵虫草菌粉中脂肪酸类成分的稳定性。结果:通过方法学考察,5种脂肪酸类成分在59.68~477.44,23.58~188.61,91.40~594.10,158.72~1587.20,27.97~279.70μg/mL内线性关系良好(r>0.997);平均加样回收率为97.87%~100.77%,RSD≤3.00%。稳定性考察结果表明,5种脂肪酸类成分均较稳定,含量变化无显著差异。结论:本研究所建方法准确可靠、重复性好,^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌前后发酵虫草菌粉中5种脂肪酸类成分在不同条件存放后未有明显变化,为发酵虫草菌粉辐照灭菌方式的选择提供了实验依据。

Effect of irradiation on temperature performance of dispersioncompensation no-core cascade optical-fiber sensor coated with polydimethylsiloxane film

A temperature measurement device can produce data deviations and can even be damaged in a high-dose radiation environment.To reduce the radiation damage to such a device and improve the temperature measurement accuracy in a radiation environment,a temperature sensor based on optical-fiber sensing technology is proposed.This sensor has a cascade structure composed of a single-mode fiber(SMF),a dispersion-compensation fiber(DCF),a nocore fiber(NCF),and another SMF(SDNS).The DCF and NCF are coated with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film,which is a heat-sensitive material with high thermal optical and thermal expansion coefficients.In experiments,PDMS was found to produce an irradiation crosslinking effect after irradiation,which improved the temperature sensitivity of the SDNS sensor.The experimental results showed that within a range of 30–100℃,the maximum temperature sensitivity after irradiation was 62.86 pm/℃,and the maximum transmission sensitivity after irradiation was 3.353×10^(-2)dB/℃,which were 1.22 times and 2.267 times the values before irradiation,respectively.In addition,repeated temperature experiments verified that the SDNS sensor coated with the PDMS film had excellent temperature repeatability.Furthermore,it was found that with an increase in the irradiation intensity,the irradiation crosslinking degree of PDMS increased,and the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was improved.The proposed sensor could potentially be applied to temperature measurement in a nuclear-radiation environment.

An advanced irradiation facilities and its usage

A carrier type gamma irradiator is an advanced device currently installed in Qingdao Irra- diation Center (QIC) and has been put into operation for nine years in Qingdao, China. It utilizes Co-60 as the radiation source; the initial Co-60 loading is 1.48×1016 Bq (0.4 million Curies). Rubber, natural and synthetic polymers, heat-shrinkable films and tubes, disposable medical supplies, some foods and drugs have been irradiated for test in the past. Especially a great success achieved on the radiation of compound food for young shrimp. The practice demonstrates that the bacteria in the compound food can be de- stroyed by the irradiation at optimum dosage between 5 000–6 000 Gy.

不同剂量^(60)Co辐照对风湿痹痛胶囊灭菌效果比较

目的比较不同辐照剂量对风湿痹痛胶囊中需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌的灭菌效果,为日常辐照灭菌选择适宜辐照剂量提供参考。方法参照《中国药典》2020年版(四部)通则,采用薄膜过滤法处理样品,用胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基和沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基进行培养并对菌落计数。结果随着辐照剂量的增大,需氧菌数、霉菌和酵母菌数逐渐降低,当剂量达到5kGy时,需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数分别比未辐照样品下降超过96.0%和90.0%,当剂量达到10kGy后,样品未检出需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌。结论5~10kGy辐照剂量灭菌可以满足风湿痹痛胶囊的微生物限度要求。