BACKGROUND： Arsenic-induced overproduction of reactive nitrogen species results in damage to biomacromolecules in tissues. This is one of major mechanisms of toxic effects due to arsenic. It is assumed that taurine a...BACKGROUND： Arsenic-induced overproduction of reactive nitrogen species results in damage to biomacromolecules in tissues. This is one of major mechanisms of toxic effects due to arsenic. It is assumed that taurine and vitamin C prevent overproduction of peroxynitrite （ONOO） and resist arseniasis by decreasing oxygen-free radical production. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the intervention effects of taurine and vitamin C on 8-nitroguanine （8-NO2-G） expression in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, China between March 2007 and July 2008. MATERIALS： As203, taurine, and vitamin C （Sigma, USA）, rabbit polyclonal anti-8-NO2-G antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG （Dojindo, Japan） were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 40 healthy, Kunming mice were equally and randomly assigned to four groups Mice in the As203 group received drinking water containing 4 mg/L As2O3. Mice in the taurine and vitamin C groups received 150 mg/kg taurine and 45 mg/kg vitamin C, respectively, by gavage, twice per week, and simultaneously received As2O3. Mice in the control group were administered normal drinking water. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes in brain tissues of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. 8-NO2-G expression in brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Abnormal, histopathological changes were observed in brain tissue of mice from the As2O3 group, which included axonal loss, cell shrinkage, and karyolysis. The above-described changes were minimal in the taurine and vitamin C groups. 8-NO2-G expression was significantly greater in brain tissue from the As2O3 group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, however, weak 8-NO2-G expression was observed in the taurine and vitamin C groups. CONCLUSION： Taurine or vitamin C protected against pathological changes and nucleic acid damage due to reactive nitrogen species in brain tissue of mice exposed to arsenic.展开更多
Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to prote...Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and migration.HSPB8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.In line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation.In cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under investigation.Moreover,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar hemorrhage.Of note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other diseases.This is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial homeostasis.This review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its modulation.Drug-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.3057158430600488
文摘BACKGROUND： Arsenic-induced overproduction of reactive nitrogen species results in damage to biomacromolecules in tissues. This is one of major mechanisms of toxic effects due to arsenic. It is assumed that taurine and vitamin C prevent overproduction of peroxynitrite （ONOO） and resist arseniasis by decreasing oxygen-free radical production. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the intervention effects of taurine and vitamin C on 8-nitroguanine （8-NO2-G） expression in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, China between March 2007 and July 2008. MATERIALS： As203, taurine, and vitamin C （Sigma, USA）, rabbit polyclonal anti-8-NO2-G antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG （Dojindo, Japan） were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 40 healthy, Kunming mice were equally and randomly assigned to four groups Mice in the As203 group received drinking water containing 4 mg/L As2O3. Mice in the taurine and vitamin C groups received 150 mg/kg taurine and 45 mg/kg vitamin C, respectively, by gavage, twice per week, and simultaneously received As2O3. Mice in the control group were administered normal drinking water. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes in brain tissues of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. 8-NO2-G expression in brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Abnormal, histopathological changes were observed in brain tissue of mice from the As2O3 group, which included axonal loss, cell shrinkage, and karyolysis. The above-described changes were minimal in the taurine and vitamin C groups. 8-NO2-G expression was significantly greater in brain tissue from the As2O3 group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, however, weak 8-NO2-G expression was observed in the taurine and vitamin C groups. CONCLUSION： Taurine or vitamin C protected against pathological changes and nucleic acid damage due to reactive nitrogen species in brain tissue of mice exposed to arsenic.
基金supported by:Fondazione Telethon-Italy(No.GGP19128 to AP)Fondazione Cariplo-Italy(No.2021-1544 to RC)+14 种基金Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica(AriSLA)-Italy(No.MLOpathy to APTarget-RAN to AP)Association Française contre les Myopathies-France(AFM Telethon No.23236 to AP)Kennedy’s Disease Association-USA(2018 grant to RC2020 grant to MG)Ministero dell’Universitàe della Ricerca(MIUR)-Italy(PRIN-Progetti di ricerca di interesse nazionale(No.2017F2A2C5 to APNo.2022EFLFL8 to APNo.2020PBS5MJ to VCNo.2022KSJZF5 to VC)PRIN-Progetti di ricerca di interesse nazionale-bando 2022,PNRR finanziato dall’Unione europea-Next Generation EU,componente M4C2,investimento 1.1(No.P2022B5J32 to RC and No.P20225R4Y5 to VC)CN3:RNA-Codice Proposta:CN_00000041Tematica Sviluppo di terapia genica e farmaci con tecnologia a RNA(Centro Nazionale di Ricerca-CN3 National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology to AP)Progetto Dipartimenti di Eccellenza(to DiSFeB)Ministero della Salute,Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco(AIFA)-Italy(Co_ALS to AP)Universitàdegli Studi di Milano(piano di sviluppo della ricerca(PSR)UNIMI-linea B(to RC and BT).
文摘Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and migration.HSPB8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.In line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation.In cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under investigation.Moreover,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar hemorrhage.Of note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other diseases.This is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial homeostasis.This review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its modulation.Drug-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.
