镧、钇对90W-Ni-Fe合金显微结构及性能的影响

以喷雾干燥 H2还原法制备的纳米级90W 7Ni 3Fe复合粉末为原料,针对不同稀土元素La,La Y,Y含量对90W Ni Fe合金性能和显微结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明:当添加La,La Y,Y在0～0.8%(质量分数)范围时,试样相对密度均在0.4%稀土时出现极大值,分别为99.3%,99.4%,99.6%。添加0.4%的La或La Y时,试样抗拉强度出现极大值,分别是906和983.5MPa,而当添加0.6%Y时,试样抗拉强度出现极大值1078MPa。添加0.2%La和Y时,试样延伸率出现极大值分别为17%和19.5%。添加La对W晶粒的抑制作用不明显,添加0.4%Y后对W晶粒长大的抑制作用较为明显,W晶粒尺寸从原来的15～20μm减少到10～15μm,W晶粒由不加稀土时的球形变为近球形或多边形,且随稀土含量的增加其影响作用更明显。La,La Y,Y同W,Ni,Fe3种元素在晶界上分别形成了W12.95Ni3.42Fe1.93La27.51,W13.61Ni2.61Fe1.07Y20.52La25.27,W13.07Ni2.96Fe1.52Y23.65(摩尔比)的中间相。添加稀土元素后,使得W在粘结相中的溶解度明显下降,由58.65%下降为添加0.4%La Y时的29.86%。当添加相同含量的稀土元素时,对合金性能影响程度的大小顺序是Y>La Y(混合稀土)>La。

镧-钇对纳米粉90W-Ni-Fe合金显微组织和性能的影响

以喷雾干燥-H2还原法制备的纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末为原料，研究稀土La-Y含量对试样烧结特性的影响，采用高倍SEM和金相仪器分别对断口进行形貌观察和W晶粒测试；对烧结样的相对密度、抗拉强度、延伸率等性能进行测定与分析。结果表明：不添加稀土La-Y时，试样在液相烧结时容易出现孔洞和气泡，导致力学性能偏低；添加0．4％稀土La-Y（质量分数）时，合金的相对密度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为99．4％、983．5MPa和15．2％1添加0．4％La-Y后，在相界或晶界上形成了W13.61 Ni2.61 F01.07 Y2052 La25.27On的中间相，阻止了W原子在粘结相中的扩散，阻碍了W晶粒长大，W晶粒由原来的20-25μm减少到12～15μm。

粗颗粒钨粉对90W-Ni-Fe钨合金烧结变形与组织性能的影响

在原材料粉末中添加20μm的粗颗粒钨粉,用粉末冶金法制备了圆柱状90W-Ni-Fe钨合金。通过测量钨合金烧结坯椭圆状横截面长短轴的尺寸,对烧结变形进行了定量分析;采用准静态拉伸试验对合金的力学性能进行了测试;通过光学金相、扫描电镜对合金组织形貌进行表征。结果表明：添加粗颗粒W粉能明显降低合金烧结变形,粗颗粒钨粉添加量占钨粉总量80%时,圆柱状钨合金投料可降低约20%,明显提高材料利用率;当粗颗粒W粉含量在70%~90%之间时,合金抗拉强度约950 MPa,延伸率约20%,与未添加粗颗粒钨粉的传统90W-Ni-Fe钨合金相比,其强度提高约30MPa,延伸率降低了28.5%,这与添加粗颗粒W粉的钨合金的穿晶断裂方式,以及合金界面结合强度低、黏结相分布不均匀等有关;添加粗颗粒钨粉的钨合金微观组织中的钨晶粒形状不太规则,存在粒径超大的钨晶粒。

90W-Ni-Fe合金的水基体系凝胶注模成型制备及性能

以工业级钨粉、镍粉和铁粉为原料,采用凝胶注模成型技术制备90W-Ni-Fe合金。研究了分散剂含量和固相体积分数对金属浆料黏度的影响,并对素坯的抗弯强度以及脱脂、烧结进行了分析。结果表明,90W-Ni-Fe金属浆料的黏度随着分散剂添加量的增加先降低后升高,随着固相体积分数的增加而增高。坯体抗弯强度随着单体交联剂比例的增大呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,固相体积分数为45%时坯体的抗弯强度最高。素坯脱脂后在1 445℃烧结1.5 h,获得了密度为16.93 g/cm^3的烧结体,其致密度高达98.72%。

Aging Behaviors of W-Ni-Fe Ternary Alloys with High Ni-to-Fe Ratios

The hardness variation of two kinds of alloys with 36 wt pct W content and 7/3, 9/1 Ni-to-Fe ratios during strain aging at 800℃ was studied. The microstructures of the aged alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and TEM. The results show that the strain aging hardness of W-Ni-Fe ternary alloy with 7/3 Ni-to-Fe ratio decreases monotonically with the increase of aging time. Under the same conditions, the hardness of 9/1 Ni-to-Fe ratio alloy decreases in the initial aging stage, but then increases as aging process goes on. X ray diffraction and TEM analysis show that there is not any precipitation depositing from the alloy with 7/3 Ni-to-Fe ratio during aging. The monotonic decrease in hardness of this alloy during aging process results from the recovery, recrystallization and solid solubility declining. In the alloy of 9/1 Ni-to-Fe ratio, the fine β phase precipitates dispersively during aging which hardens the alloy. The two different kinds of mechanisms (the softening one and the hardening one) decide the hardness variation of the alloy with 9/1 Ni-to-Fe ratio mentioned above.

Effect of Cu Addition on W-Ni-Fe Alloys Sintered at a Low Temperature

In this study, Cu was added as the third additive to lower the sintering temperature of W-Ni-Fe alloy. By adding 2 wt pct Cu, a dense 93W-3.5Ni-l.5Fe-2.0Cu tungsten alloy was obtained by hot-pressing at a low temperature of 1573 K which is a process of liquid-phase sintering. As a result, the morphology of W-Ni-Fe alloy changed obviously after the addition of Cu and the alloy had-higher relative density and rupture strength. The mechanism of the densification of W-Ni-Fe-Cu alloy at the low temperature.was then mainly investigated. It was found that, part sintering activators Ni and Fe could exist in liquid form at 1573 K due to the addition of Cu, which made it easy for Ni and Fe to dissolve W and thus the full densification of W-Ni-Fe-Cu alloy at the low temperature was realized.

Consolidation of MA W-Ni-Fe Alloyed Powder by Microwave-Assisted Sintering

MA W-Ni-Fe alloyed powder compact was sintered by microwave technology, and the influence of microwave sintering on consolidation of W-Ni-Fe alloy was studied. The fracture morphology and microstructure of alloys were measured by SEM and metallurgical microscope. The experimental results showed that microwave sintering promoted the densification of MA W-Ni-Fe alloyed powder quickly with the higher heating rate. The density of the sintered samples increased with the increase of sintering temperature, and significant densification shrinkage occured at 1300 ~ 1400°C. The tungsten grain grew rapidly at 1450°C. When the alloy was microwave sintered at 1550°C, the inner structure of alloy is more homogeneous, the average W grain size is about 15 μm, and the relative density of sintered specimen is 99%.

Grain structure and microtexture evolution during superplastic deformation of 5A90 Al-Li alloy

The microstructural evolution of banded 5A90 A1-Li alloy during superplastic deformation at 475℃ with an initial strain rate of 8× 10^-4 S^-1 was studied using EBSD technique. The results showed that, before deformation, the grain shape appeared to be banded, the most grain boundaries belonged to low-angle boundaries, and the initial sheet had a dominate of { 110}（112） brass texture. During deformation, there were grain growth, grain shape change, misorientation increasing and textural weakening. The fraction of high-angle boundaries increased rapidly once the flow stress reached the peak value. Corresponding deformation mechanism for various stages of deformation was suggested. Dislocation activity was the dominant mechanism in the first stage, then dynamic recrystallization occurred, and grain rotation was expected as an accommodation for grain boundary sliding （GBS）. At large strains, GBS was the main mechanism.

Densification and microstructure evolution during SPS consolidation process in W-Ni-Fe system

Spark plasma sintering method （SPS） was used to consolidate mixed W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe （mass fraction, %） powders from commercial fine elemental powders, and both the densification behavior and microstructure evolution in sintering were investigated at different heating rates. The results show that the SPS densification process can be divided into three stages. At the initial unshrinking stage, fast heating generates instantaneous discharge and locally inhomogeneous temperature distribution in solid-state powder particles, enhancing later densification; during the intermediate solid state sintering stage, diffusion is more sufficient in the slow-heated SPS process; at the final transient liquid-phase sintering stage, tungsten grains become sphered and coarsen rapidly, but fast heating helps maintain rather small grain sizes.

Influence of microstructure and surface condition on antifouling property of 90Cu-10Ni alloy in seawater

Through the experiment of natural seawater exposure corrosion, the antifouling properties of the plate specimens of 90Cu 10Ni alloy were studied, which were processed by different deformations, annealing treatments and surface treatments. The results indicate that after exposure corrosion for half a year, the antifouling properties of the specimens are quite different. The specimens processed by suitable deformations, annealing treatment at 650?℃ and pretreatment of surface film possess both good corrosion resistance and antifouling properties. However, the specimens processed by different deformations and annealing treatment at 450?℃ possess lower corrosion resistance, although they are also treated by the pretreatment of surface film; their antifouling properties change with different deformations. The relationships among the corrosion morphology and microstructure with the antifouling property of 90Cu 10Ni alloy are observed under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Stability of amorphous Al_(90)TM_xCe_(10-x)(TM=Fe or Ni) alloys

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were usedto investigate the crystallization process of amorphous Al_(90)TM_xCe_(10-x), (atom fraction inpercent; TM = Fe or Ni; x = 3, 5) alloys. Aging effects were examined by X-ray diffraction. Thestructure corresponding to the prepeak for the amorphous Al_(90)Fe_5Ce_5 alloy is more stable thanthe amorphous matrix, but it is not stable for amorphous Al_(90)Ni_5Ce_5 alloy during the firstcrystallization stage and even decomposes at room temperature. Although both Al-Ni and Al-Fe havestrong chemical bonding, the crystallization onset temperature of amorphous Al-Fe-Ce alloys is muchhigher than that of amorphous Al-Ni-Ce alloys, which is likely caused by the different stability ofthe structure corresponding to the prepeak. The crystallization onset temperature increases as Ce/Niratio increases in amorphous Al_(90)Ni_xCe_(10-x) alloys, whereas it decreases as Ce/Fe ratioincreases in amorphous Al_(90)Fe_xCe_(10-x) alloys. A better atomic packing produces as Ce contentincreases because of the size mismatch in Al-Ni-Ce systems and as Fe content increases because ofthe increasing Fe central structural units.

DISACCOMMODATION OF INITIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN AMORPHOUS Fe_(90-x)Ni_xZr_(10) ALLOYS

The disaccommodation(DA)measurements of initial susceptibility were performed in amorphous Fe_(90-x)Ni_xZr_(10)(x=10,20,30)alloys.The DA was measured for two different amorphous states:as-quenched and pretreated at 537 K for 45 min.For all the as- quenched samples,in the isochronal spectra of DA a well defined relaxation peak around 350 K is accompanied by a samll but distinct peak near the Curie temperature of Fe_(90)Zr_(10) phase(T_c=230 K).The reversibility and annealing effect on DA are analyzed within the framework of two-level model.The fits of the theory to the experimental data of reversible relaxation processes gave a spectrum,of activation energies and pre- exponential factor.

Microstructure and texture characterization of superplastic Al-Mg-Li alloy

A novel thermomechanical processing was developed for producing fine grained Al-Mg-Li alloy sheets. The influences of static recrystallization annealing on the grain structure and superplastic behavior were investigated. The results show that the refined microstructure has a variation in the distribution of grain size, shape and texture across the normal direction of the sheet. The surface layer （SL） has fine, nearly equiaxed grains with a rotated cUbeND {001 }（310） orientation, whereas the center layer （CL） has coarse, elongated grains with a portion of a fiber orientation. Increasing static recrystallized temperature results in grain growth in the full thickness, decreasing of grain aspect ratio in the center layer, texture sharpening in the surface layer, but weakening in the center layer as well as decreasing of superplastic elongation. Increasing the annealing temperature also produces an sharpening of the rotated cube {001}（310） component and a decreasing of the a fiber texture in the full thickness of the sheet. The formation mechanisms of recrystallization texture at various temperatures and layers were discussed.

强磁场对Cu-90%Pb合金凝固中比重偏析的影响

研究了强磁场对Cu-90%Pb合金中比重偏析的影响规律。结果表明:10T磁场下,当冷却速度达到100℃/min以上时,Cu-90%Pb合金中的重力偏析得到完全抑制;随着磁感应强度的增加,磁场对比重偏析的抑制作用增强。在30℃/min冷却速度下,12T磁场使该种合金凝固中的50微米直径颗粒上浮速度下降90%以上。理论分析表明:强磁场增加金属熔体粘度,降低自然对流,诱生洛伦兹力阻力来抑制颗粒上浮和聚合。

Nb，Ti含量对J－90合金凝固偏析的影响

采用电子探针对不同Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ含量的Ｊ－９０合金凝固组织中Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ的面分布及枝干心部元素的化学成分进行了分析。结果表明：随合金中Ｎｂ含量增加，合金中Ｎｂ的偏析趋于严重。而Ｔｉ的分布则趋于均匀化；合金中Ｔｉ量增加时，Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ的偏析均趋于减轻。定量测试发现，当合金中Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ含量增加时，Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ的初凝平衡分配系数均有所增加。通过分析比较还发现，以元素最高含量与最低含量之差作为比较参数，可以合理地反映出合金中元素含量少量调整时元素偏析程度的变化取决于合金中元素的含量和元素分配系数这两个基本因素。同时，实验结果还说明，可以通过降低合金中微量元素含量使凝固时溶质富集层中Ｐ等微量元素含量的降低，使得Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ等易偏析元素的含量相对增加，从而使合金的凝固偏析得以降低。

非晶态Fe_（90－x）Co_xZr_（10）合金的Invar效应研究

研究了作晶态Ｆｅ_（９０－ｘ）Ｃｏ_ｘＺｒ_（１０）合金的磁体积效应和广义声子谱．通过热膨胀测量和磁测量给出了自发体积磁致伸缩ωｓ和平均磁矩μ_（ＦｅＣｏ）与平均价电子数Ｎ_（ｅｆｆ）的关系，发现ωｓ的峰值位置与μ_（ＦｅＣｏ）开始急剧下降的位置（Ｎ_（ｅｆｆ）＝８．１－８．２）相对应，从而证实了金属－金属型非晶态因瓦合金中的Ｉｎｖａｒ效应与铁磁态的不稳性有关．用非弹性中子散射方法测量了广义声子谱，从中观察到了与Ｉｎｖａｒ效应相关的声子谱软化现象．

环境气氛对非晶Fe_(90)Zr_(10)合金条带表面状态的影响

分别在大气和氩气中制备了非晶Fe90Zr10条带采用AES及XPS，并结合氩离子原位溅射剥展，研究了气氛对条带自由侧及贴辊侧表面状态的影响结果表明，在大气中制备时，条带自由侧的Zr显著偏聚，贴辊侧发生了Fe的偏聚而在氩气中制备时，条带两侧表层的成分分布及氧化层厚度基本相同。

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered W-Ni-Mn alloy

Tungsten heavy alloys(90W-6Ni-4Mn)were prepared through spark plasma sintering(SPS)using micron-sized W,Ni,and Mn powders without ball milling as raw materials.The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanicalproperties of the90W-6Ni-4Mn alloys were investigated.SPS technology was used to prepare90W-6Ni-4Mn alloys withrelatively high density and excellent comprehensive performance at1150-1250°C for3min.The90W-6Ni-4Mn alloys consistedof the W phase and theγ-(Ni,Mn,and W)binding phase,and the average grain size was less than10μm.The Rockwell hardness andbending strength of alloys first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature.The best comprehensiveperformance was obtained at1200°C,its hardness and bending strength were HRA68.7and1162.72MPa,respectively.

Corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy in cooling systems

The effect of a salicylic Schiff base componnd （Salcn） on the corrosion of AZ91 alloy in 30% ethylene glycol aqueous solution （30% EG/W） was investigated by electrochemical methods. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the alloy surface in corrosive solution before and after the addition of inhibitor. There was no significant corrosion inhibition at the room temperature but high inhibition efficiencies were obtained at elevated temperatures due to the formation of chemisorbed inhibitor monolayer. As the inhibitor concentration increased, the inhibition efficiency increased probably due to more inhibitor adsorption on the alloy surface.

TiNiCuNb合金力学性能仿真分析

本研究运用有限元分析软件对(Ti_(51)Ni_(36)Cu_(13))_(90)Nb_(10)合金进行了研究,并与已有实验进行对比以验证模拟的可靠性。研究表明,合金在力-热耦合作用时,低温卸载马氏体体积分数保持最大值不变,残余应变值最大,高温卸载时马氏体体积分数从最大值减小至消失;温度越高,合金由弹性过程向塑性变形过程转变的应力值也越大;进行局部循环加载-卸载循环应力大于屈服应力后,应力-应变加载路径与第一次相同,马氏体体积分数逐渐增加到最大值,卸载后可减小至消失;低温下增加应力至马氏体相变完成,高温时可产生形状记忆效应。