As many think that respect for the environment, is not only a question intended for industrialists but has all the sectors of life, in particular sanitary also. In this regard, our article brings alternative managemen...As many think that respect for the environment, is not only a question intended for industrialists but has all the sectors of life, in particular sanitary also. In this regard, our article brings alternative management of human waste (excrement) to solve the problems that plague our dear beautiful capital, namely: 1) Lack of latrines that meet the standards;2) Emptying of septic tanks directly into the gutters and;3) Water pollution by sewage csompanies. In order to carry out the cartographic analysis of the study area, we used Shapefile data from the OpenStreetMap, Diva-Gis. These different data allowed us, analyzed, to categorize with the software ArArcGIS 0.8.1 to produce different zones according to the cases incurred in the city of Kinshasa. To do this, the analytical method uses the Buswell equation to determine the amount of gas contained in human excrement. Focusing on the analysis of the excrements produced by the population of age superior to 10 years, for 2023, we obtained: 138355.7283 m<sup>3</sup>/day of CH4 (885476.66 kWh/day or 885.476 MWh/day), which, energy can light: 138,355 lamps of 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 70,000 lamps of 60 to 100 W for 12 hours. Considering the last one which offers the lowest access rate, i.e. 3% of the district population to these latrines, we have: a) In Tshangu, we produce: 1618.762 <sup>3>/day (10360.07 kWh/day or 10.36 MWh/day) which can light nearly 1600 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 800 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours. b) Mont-Amba, we produce 1402.927 <sup>3>/day (8978.73 kWh/day or 8.97 MWh/day) which can light nearly 1400 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 700 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours;c) In Lukunga, we produce: 946.35 <sup>3>/day (6056.66 kWh/day or 6.056 MWh/day) which can light nearly 900 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 450 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours. d) Funa, we produce: 182.629 <sup>3>/day (1168.83 kWh/day or 1.17 MWh/day) which can light almost 180 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or almost 90 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours.展开更多
秸秆厌氧发酵沼气工程中合理的沼液回流可减少沼液排放量,降低后续沼液处置利用成本。以稻秸为底物,采用完全混合搅拌反应器(CSTR)半连续发酵方式,研究沼液全量连续回流对稻秸厌氧发酵特性的影响,旨在为明确沼液全量回流对秸秆厌氧发酵...秸秆厌氧发酵沼气工程中合理的沼液回流可减少沼液排放量,降低后续沼液处置利用成本。以稻秸为底物,采用完全混合搅拌反应器(CSTR)半连续发酵方式,研究沼液全量连续回流对稻秸厌氧发酵特性的影响,旨在为明确沼液全量回流对秸秆厌氧发酵的影响机制、改进沼液全量回流技术提供科学依据。结果表明:在100%沼液回流条件下连续回流50 d时系统运行稳定,总固体(TS)产气率、挥发性固体(VS)产气率及容积产气率分别稳定在245 m L·g-1、300 m L·g-1及0.74 L·L-1·d-1。但随着运行时间延长,回流天数达85 d时,虽然发酵液pH值和沼气中φ(CH4)无明显变化,但系统产气效率明显受到抑制。产气受抑制阶段与产气稳定阶段相比,TS产气率、VS产气率及容积产气率分别下降到186 m L·g-1、226 m L·g-1及0.56 L·L-1·d-1,下降幅度达24%。进一步分析表明,沼液中ρ(NH4+-N)下降到185 mg·L-1,下降幅度为71%;主要金属离子总质量浓度增加到4.13 g·L-1,增加幅度为342%。初步判断沼液全量连续回用会因氮含量严重下降和盐分积累致系统产气量下降,但真实原因还有待进一步研究。展开更多
为满足沼肥采运车的工作效率,设计12 t大型车载式沼肥采运储罐,并针对大型沼肥采运车运输沼肥遇紧急制动时,储罐内部沼肥剧烈晃动对壁面产生的冲击可能导致储罐及连接支撑结构损坏,为安全运输带来隐患的问题。该文采用VOF（volume of fl...为满足沼肥采运车的工作效率,设计12 t大型车载式沼肥采运储罐,并针对大型沼肥采运车运输沼肥遇紧急制动时,储罐内部沼肥剧烈晃动对壁面产生的冲击可能导致储罐及连接支撑结构损坏,为安全运输带来隐患的问题。该文采用VOF（volume of fluid）多相流模型对采运车紧急制动时不同充料比下储罐内沼肥晃动进行分析和数值模拟,得出采运车的最佳运输充料比范围0.8-0.9;利用CATIA有限元分析模块在储罐三维模型上建立各零部件间具有联接和力传递关系的有限元模型,根据采运车工况,施加约束及储罐前封头和前防浪板所受冲击载荷峰值最大时的载荷边界条件后进行计算,依据计算结果调整储罐设计并优化结构,重新计算得到储罐的变形和应力分别为6.25 mm、136 MPa;运用相似理论量纲分析法确定储罐模型的几何尺寸及试验参数,模型试验中前防浪板迎峰面所受的冲击力计算值与原型中的数值模拟值存在近似1：64的比例关系,模型试验结果可推广至原型。研究为大型沼肥采运车储罐设计提供了可行的解决方案,同时也为类似运输罐车的研究提供参考。展开更多
为了优化沼气池产气效率和开展污泥微生物多样性研究,通过对PCR-DGGE条件的优化,建立了农村户用沼气池污泥微生物16S r DNA V3区DGGE分析技术,通过DGGE技术分析了沼气池污泥中细菌和古细菌微生物多样性随沼气池深度的变化规律。同时通...为了优化沼气池产气效率和开展污泥微生物多样性研究,通过对PCR-DGGE条件的优化,建立了农村户用沼气池污泥微生物16S r DNA V3区DGGE分析技术,通过DGGE技术分析了沼气池污泥中细菌和古细菌微生物多样性随沼气池深度的变化规律。同时通过构建污泥样品mcr A功能基因克隆文库,应用RFLP技术,开展了农村户用沼气池污泥样品中与次级代谢产物相关基因的功能基因多样性研究。结果显示,农村户用沼气池污泥中含有丰富的微生物资源,其中细菌群落受污泥深度因素影响小,而浅层污泥中古细菌群落与深层污泥中古菌群落却存在明显差异。所采集的沼气池污泥中含有较为丰富的产甲烷菌资源,其中可能存在类似功能或产生类似代谢物质的产甲烷菌。该结果为进一步优化群落结构、筛选功能基因提供了科学依据。展开更多
文摘As many think that respect for the environment, is not only a question intended for industrialists but has all the sectors of life, in particular sanitary also. In this regard, our article brings alternative management of human waste (excrement) to solve the problems that plague our dear beautiful capital, namely: 1) Lack of latrines that meet the standards;2) Emptying of septic tanks directly into the gutters and;3) Water pollution by sewage csompanies. In order to carry out the cartographic analysis of the study area, we used Shapefile data from the OpenStreetMap, Diva-Gis. These different data allowed us, analyzed, to categorize with the software ArArcGIS 0.8.1 to produce different zones according to the cases incurred in the city of Kinshasa. To do this, the analytical method uses the Buswell equation to determine the amount of gas contained in human excrement. Focusing on the analysis of the excrements produced by the population of age superior to 10 years, for 2023, we obtained: 138355.7283 m<sup>3</sup>/day of CH4 (885476.66 kWh/day or 885.476 MWh/day), which, energy can light: 138,355 lamps of 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 70,000 lamps of 60 to 100 W for 12 hours. Considering the last one which offers the lowest access rate, i.e. 3% of the district population to these latrines, we have: a) In Tshangu, we produce: 1618.762 <sup>3>/day (10360.07 kWh/day or 10.36 MWh/day) which can light nearly 1600 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 800 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours. b) Mont-Amba, we produce 1402.927 <sup>3>/day (8978.73 kWh/day or 8.97 MWh/day) which can light nearly 1400 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 700 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours;c) In Lukunga, we produce: 946.35 <sup>3>/day (6056.66 kWh/day or 6.056 MWh/day) which can light nearly 900 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or nearly 450 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours. d) Funa, we produce: 182.629 <sup>3>/day (1168.83 kWh/day or 1.17 MWh/day) which can light almost 180 lamps from 60 to 100 W for six hours or almost 90 lamps from 60 to 100 W for twelve hours.
文摘秸秆厌氧发酵沼气工程中合理的沼液回流可减少沼液排放量,降低后续沼液处置利用成本。以稻秸为底物,采用完全混合搅拌反应器(CSTR)半连续发酵方式,研究沼液全量连续回流对稻秸厌氧发酵特性的影响,旨在为明确沼液全量回流对秸秆厌氧发酵的影响机制、改进沼液全量回流技术提供科学依据。结果表明:在100%沼液回流条件下连续回流50 d时系统运行稳定,总固体(TS)产气率、挥发性固体(VS)产气率及容积产气率分别稳定在245 m L·g-1、300 m L·g-1及0.74 L·L-1·d-1。但随着运行时间延长,回流天数达85 d时,虽然发酵液pH值和沼气中φ(CH4)无明显变化,但系统产气效率明显受到抑制。产气受抑制阶段与产气稳定阶段相比,TS产气率、VS产气率及容积产气率分别下降到186 m L·g-1、226 m L·g-1及0.56 L·L-1·d-1,下降幅度达24%。进一步分析表明,沼液中ρ(NH4+-N)下降到185 mg·L-1,下降幅度为71%;主要金属离子总质量浓度增加到4.13 g·L-1,增加幅度为342%。初步判断沼液全量连续回用会因氮含量严重下降和盐分积累致系统产气量下降,但真实原因还有待进一步研究。
文摘为了优化沼气池产气效率和开展污泥微生物多样性研究,通过对PCR-DGGE条件的优化,建立了农村户用沼气池污泥微生物16S r DNA V3区DGGE分析技术,通过DGGE技术分析了沼气池污泥中细菌和古细菌微生物多样性随沼气池深度的变化规律。同时通过构建污泥样品mcr A功能基因克隆文库,应用RFLP技术,开展了农村户用沼气池污泥样品中与次级代谢产物相关基因的功能基因多样性研究。结果显示,农村户用沼气池污泥中含有丰富的微生物资源,其中细菌群落受污泥深度因素影响小,而浅层污泥中古细菌群落与深层污泥中古菌群落却存在明显差异。所采集的沼气池污泥中含有较为丰富的产甲烷菌资源,其中可能存在类似功能或产生类似代谢物质的产甲烷菌。该结果为进一步优化群落结构、筛选功能基因提供了科学依据。
