Theoretical Calculation Model of Heat Transfer for Deep-derived Supercritical Fluids with a Case Study

Based on a set of equations established by Duan et al. (1992, 1996) for a geofluid system H2O-CO2-CH4(-N2), a formula is obtained to calculate the heat changes. Combining the geological T-P conditions (geothermal gradients and lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures), the enthalpy of some typical geofluids is figured out. Then the principles of heat transfer of deep-derived supercritical fluids are discussed. The result shows that deep-derived geofluids can bring a large amount of thermal heat and release most heat to the shallow surroundings as they move up, because the molar enthalpies vary very greatly from the deep to shallow, increasing with the increases of T and P. Generally, more than tens of kilojoules heat per molar can be released. Furthermore, the molar enthalpy is affected by the compositions of the geofluids, and the molar enthalpy of CO2, CH4, or N2 is greater than that of H2O, being twice, more than twice, and about 140% of H2O, respectively. Finally, a case study is conducted by investigating a source rock sequence affected hydrothermally by magmatic fluids in the Huimin depression of Shengli Oilfield. The thermal heat calculated theoretically of the fluids related to a diabase intrusion is quite large, which can increase the temperature near the diabase to about 300℃, and that can, to some extent, account for the abnormal rise of the vitrinite reflectance, with the highest of about 3.8% (Ro).

Effects of Land Use Change on Eco-environment in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin——A Case Study of Yanting County, Sichuan Province

With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest

A Case Study on the Occurrence and Mobility of the Shale Oil from the Muli Coalfield,Qilian Mountain

Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.

Non-Conventional Plasma Assisted Catalysts for Diesel Exhaust Treatment: A Case Study

This paper reports the application of pulse discharges along with catalysts in treat- ing the exhaust gas at higher temperatures. In the present work a plasma reactor, filled with catalysts, called as plasma catalytic reactor, is studied for removal of oxides of nitrogen, total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The experiments are conducted on an actual diesel engine exhaust at no-load and at different temperatures starting from room temperature to 300°C. The removal efficiencies of these pollutants are studied. The experiments are carried out with both con- ventional and non-conventional catalysts. The idea is to explore the pollutant removal efficiency characteristics by non-conventional catalysts. The efficiency results are compared with that of conventional catalysts. The experiments are carried out at a constant pulse repetition rate of 120 pps. Both pellet and honeycomb type catalysts are used in the study.

A Case Study of Warm Sector Rainbands in North China

This article investigates in detail the structure, genesis and development of parallel-type warm sector rainbands from radar observations. By comparing these observations with diagnostic results from temperature, pressure, moisture and wind data, which are both actually observed and numerically generated by a mesoscale model, and the theory of symmetric instability, it is found that the conditional symmetric instability might be responsible for the formation and development of these rainbands.

Strike-Slip Faults and Their Control on Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment in Carbonate Karst Reservoirs: A Case Study of Yingshan Formation on Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.

Regolith Geochemical Studies in Kimberlitic Terrain: A Case Study from Lattavaram Kimberlite Cluster, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India

Utility of geochemistry in mineral exploration is known since more than half-a-century.In reconnaissance diamond exploration,regolith geochemistry is a well known tool worldwide and helps in distinguishing bedrock

Metabasic Dyke Swarms in a High-Grade Metamorphic Terrane——A Case Study in the Taipingzhai-Jinchangyu Area,Eastern Hebei Province

Geological and petrological studies indicate that three phases of metabasic dykes are present in theTaipingzhai-Jinchangyu area within the high-grade metamorphic terrane of eastern Hebei. Garnet andhornblende in metabasic dykes of the second and third phases occur separately, forming two mineral aggregateareas gl+cpx+pl±hy and hb+cpx+pl-hy. P_(H_2O) in the rocks appears to be the main factor controlling theformation of the two aggregate areas. Both were formed simultaneously at the same metamorphic temperature. The second-phase basic dykes underwent metamorphism of pyroxene-granulite facies at a temperature ofsome 825C: later the dykes, together with the third-phase basic dykes experienced metamorphism ofamphibole-granulite facies at a temperature of about 750C under pressure of 0.9GPa.

The Roadmap for Lenovo to Go Global——A Case study of Lenovo Group Strategies

I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.

Chemical Management of Forest Pest Epidemics: A Case Study

The management of insect epidemics in large tracts of forest is difficult given the climatic conditions encountered, the topography of the forested land, the nature of the forest, the types of chemical and/or biological insecticides registered for use, and the technologies available for insecticide application. Since 1952, the province of New Brunswick. Canada, has been heavily involved in attempting to control an epidemic of the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana. Clemens) that has ravaged the coniferous softwoods of eastern Canada and the United States. Of the available options, the provincial government chose to develop an aerial spraying program, eventually selecting two chemical insecticides (fenitrothion and aminocarb) and one biological control agent (Bacillus thuringiensis). Concerns about possible impacts on human health led to extensive studies of the toxicology of these insecticides, the technology of aerial spraying, the development of less hazardous formulations, and the quantitation of offtarget drift of aerosolized insecticides. These studies culminated in improvements in pesticide application and the establishment of regulations on safety or buffer zones around human habitation for certain types of aircraft applying different formulations of the insecticides. (c) 1990 Academic Press. Inc.

On the Productive Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Handicrafts and Its Human Values——A Case Study of the“Wuhan Model”

Among the three methods of intangible cultural heritage （ICH） protection--salvage, integrity and productivity^--productive protection is the most complex and controversial one. Through a comprehensive analysis of legal relations, coordination mecha- nisms and modes of operation by the Wuhan Tourism Investment Group in the course of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in handicrafts, this paper discusses the sustainable ＂Wuhan Model＂ and its human values.

1st degree acromioclavicular sprain, elevated 1st rib, or both? A case study of a rodeo cowboy

Objective: To present a case of a rodeo cowboy who suffered a seemingly routine 1st degree acromioclavicular (AC) sprain. The AC sprain was exacerbated by an elevated 1st rib. Background: Saddle bronc riding is one of three rough stock events in North American rodeo and the least common event for injury relative to bull riding and bareback riding. Shoulder injury in rodeo rough stock events make up 9.3% of all injuries. Approximately 28% of injuries in rodeo are considered minor sprains. The professional cowboy was thrown from his horse landing on the tip of his shoulder. The cowboy presented with a routine 1st degree AC sprain based on the Tossey and Rockwood definitions. Differential Diagnosis: Due to the mechanism of injury and forces produced with the cowboy being thrown to the ground, elimination of serious neck injury was critical. A scanning examination revealed some neck dysfunction. A cervical rotation, lateral flexion special test confirmed the additional elevated 1st rib in addition to the 1st degree AC sprain. Treatment: A chiropractic adjustment of the 1st rib reduced pain in the AC joint from a 6/10 to 1/10 immediately. Subsequently, the patient iced and was treated with one other 1st rib adjustment at a later date. Uniqueness: There were no cases of 1st degree AC sprains with an associated elevated first rib in the literature. It was very unique to relieve to the patient’s shoulder symptoms so dramatically in a short period of time with manual therapy to the first rib. Conclusions: It is important to follow a thorough history and physical examination of patients who suffer from a 1st degree AC sprain. The use of a scanning examination will help identify the primary source of pain (i.e. neck and/or shoulder). Manual therapy of the 1st rib may be useful in the treatment.

On the Lawful Rights and Interests of Mentally Retarded Children——A case study of a rehabilitation center in Liaoning Province

Mentally retarded children are the most disadvan- taged among disabled children. Since the reform and opening up, with sup- port from the Communist Party of China, the government and the public, the legitimate rights and interests of mentally retarded children have greatly improved. But problems in this respect remain serious, and vari- ous levels of government, relevant departments and the public should attach much importance to these problems. This paper, taking a reha- bilitation center in Liaoning Province for mentally retarded children as a single case, studies the protection of these children＇s lawful rights and in- terests in a systematic manner.

Publicizing China's Human Rights——A Case Study on Human Rights White Papers

Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl large country. Effective publicit3 regarding human rights developmen can help China win undersandin and respect from the internationa community for China＇s human rightt policies, show the image of a demo cratic, progressive, civilized ant open large country, and create favor. able global public opinion for China Since the Communist Party of Chin （CPC） attaches great importance tc publicity regarding key human right, issues of economic and social signifi. cance in China and of international concern as well, it has organizec relevant press conferences and corn. piled white papers on human rights. White papers are important means fol China to publicize its human right, progress to the rest of the world anc are important windows by which foreign countries can understanc China＇s policies, principled stand, and achievements related to humar rights. Based on a review of Chinese government white papers, this article discusses the work, function and modes of human rights publicity.

The Overall Elevation of Protecting the Right to Education in China——A Case Study of the Right to Education in Tianjin Municipality

As one of the fundamental social rights, the right to education not only con- ,cerns the fact that the educated can equally enjoy educa- tional opportunities, but also lays the foundation for exercising their rights in other aspects, such as employ- ment, politics, culture and society, therefore creating the conditions for realizing the all-round development of human beings. During the process of social construction in China, we have attached great significance to protecting citizens＇ rights to receive education, thus ensuring the prior- ity of developing education in our nation. Meanwhile,

Foreign Exchange and Cooperation in Human Rights Education——A Case Study of the China University of Political Science and Law

Exchange and cooperation in the field of human rights education, between higher education and research institutions in the Chinese mainland and foreign human rights institutions and relevant international organizations, are an important aspect of human rights exchange and cooperation between the Chinese mainland and foreign countries. The China University of Political Science and Law is the first university in the mainland to establish the human rights law discipline and one of the first national human rights education and training bases, playing an exemplary and leading role in the field of human rights education and foreign exchange and cooperation. Summaries and analyses of the background, objectives,

Efficient allelic replacement in rice by gene editing： A case study of the NRT1.1B gene

Summary Precise replacement of an existing allele in commercial cultivars with an elite allele is a major goal in crop breeding. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the NRT1.1B gene between japonica and indica rice is responsible for the improved nitrogen use efficiency in indica rice. Herein, we precisely replaced the japonica NRT1.1B allele with the indica allele, in just one generation, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. No additional selective pressure was needed to enrich the precise replacement events.