Comments on Nigel Wiseman s A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine(Ⅰ)——On the“Word-for-word”Literal Approach to Translation

Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.

Comments on Nigel Wiseman's A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine (Ⅱ) ——On the Use of Western Medical Terms to Express the Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Mr. Wiseman believes that Western medical terms chosen as equivalents of Chinese medical terms should be the words known to all speakers and not requiring any specialist knowledge or instrumentation to understand or identify, and strictly technical Western medical terms should be avoided regardless of their conceptual conformity to the Chinese terms. Accordingly, many inappropriate Western medical terms are selected as English equivalents by the authors of the Dictionary, and on the other hand, many ready-made appropriate Western medical terms are replaced by loan English terms with the Chinese style of word formation. The experience gained in solving the problems of translating Western medical terms into Chinese when West- ern medicine was first introduced to China is helpful for translating Chinese medical terms into English. However, the authors of the Dictionary adhere to their own opinions, ignoring others＂ experience. The English terms thus created do not reflect the genuine meaning of the Chinese terms, but make the English glossary in chaos. The so-called true face of traditional Chinese revealed by such terms is merely the Chinese custom of word formation and metaphoric rhetoric. In other words, traditional Chinese medicine is not regarded as a system of medicine but merely some Oriental folklore.

A Brief Discussion on the Construction of Practical Teaching System for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Development Major

China’s traditional medicine,science,and technology industry has great development potential.However,there is a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development.At the same time,the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards.Therefore,it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia.As an institution for cultivating talents,colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents.Based on the requirements put forward by China in education,this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major,determines the talent training goals,starts from the practical teaching aspect,and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system,summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system,and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.

Research on the development methodology for clinical practice guidelines for organic integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine

Integrated traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine(WM)is a new medical science grounded in the knowledge bases of both TCM and WM,which then forms a unique modern medical system in China.Integrated TCM and WM has a long history in China,and has made important achievements in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment.However,the methodological defects in currently published clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)limit its development.The organic integration of TCM and WM is a deeper integration of TCM and WM.To realize the progression of"integration"to"organic integration",a targeted and standardized guideline development methodology is needed.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to establish a standardized development procedure for clinical practice guidelines for the organic integration of TCM and WM to promote the systematic integration of TCM and WM research results into clinical practice guidelines in order to achieve optimal results as the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

The Development of Doctor-nurse-patient Co-construction through Evidence-based Narrative Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the wisdom crystallization and cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.Establishing a positive relationship among doctors,nurses,and patients is essential for promoting the sustainable development of TCM culture.As an important branch of evidence-based narrative medicine,evidence-based narrative of TCM significantly contributes to the co-construction of doctors,nurses and patients.This paper discusses the necessity and clinical practice value of promoting co-construction of doctors,nurses and patients based on the principles of evidence-based narrative TCM.By working together to select optimal diagnosis and treatment options,we aim to enhance patient compliance,alleviate tensions among the parties involved,and establish equitable collaborative relationships.Creating a harmonious medical environment is crucial for promoting the continuous development of this collaborative model in clinical practice,thereby improving patients'overall health,increasing public recognition of TCM,and supporting its sustainable growth.

Pharmaceutical Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine For Stroke Based on Dictionary of Prescriptions and Complex Network Analysis

Objective:Taking the Dictionary of Prescriptions as a clue,we collected effective prescriptions for treating Stroke,and systematically summarized the medication and compatibility rules of the core Chinese medicines for treating Stroke.Methods:A database of prescriptions for stroke based on complex relationship analysis system of traditional Chinese medicine was established.From the point of view of complex network,the hierarchy of drug compatibility rules of compound prescriptions(such as courtiers and envoys)was analyzed,the statistical characteristics of complex networks were analyzed,and an attempt was made to explain the characteristics of complex networks of drugs for stroke.Results:A total of 974 prescriptions were collected,including 1040 Chinese herbs.The core Chinese herbal medicines with nodal degree(>500)for Stroke were divaricate saposhnikovia root,liquorice root,Chinese angelica,tall gastrodia tuber,incised notopterygium rhizome and root.The compatibility relationship of the core Chinese medicines in the treatment of stroke is divaricate saposhnikovia root-liquorice root,ephedra-divaricate saposhnikovia root,divaricate saposhnikovia root-sichuan lovage rhizome,divaricate saposhnikovia root-Chinese angelica in order of frequency.Conclusion:Through the analysis of the common network structure of effective prescriptions for Stroke,the core prescription compatibility structure reflecting the prescription thinking and clinical characteristics was found.

Based on the process management of traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive intervention method on outcomes in patients with mild/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:study protocol for a practical randomized controlled trial

Background:The prevalence,morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is very high,so it has become a public health problem.The early stage of COPD has been paid much attention before it develops severely.As well,traditional Chinese medicine has some advantages in relieving symptoms and reducing the incidence of COPD exacerbations.Methods:A practical randomized controlled trial will be designed to test the clinical effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation.A total of 80 patients with mild/moderate COPD will participate in this study,40 in the treatment group and 40 in the control group.On the basis of the lifestyle intervention,traditional Chinese medicine formula granules for treatment group and the placebo simulation of traditional Chinese medicine granules for control group.The exacerbation and the improvement of pulmonary function will be used as the primary outcome measures.The improvement of clinical symptoms and signs,the quality of life and Dyspnea will be used as the secondary outcomes measures.Conclusion:We assume that the COPD patients will be benefit from therapy with Traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

A study on the medication law of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast carbuncle based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary

Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.

Doctor-patient Narrative Re-discovered from Overseas Traditional Chinese Medicine Practices

The doctor-patient narrative has been revisited and appreciated in both the West and the East due to the negative impact of biochemical medicine in the past two centuries on healthcare.Biochemical medicine system simply marginalized the roles of doctors and patients.More research and practice of“doctor's benevolence”and“humanistic medicine”have called for the return of the doctor-patient narrative.This paper draws on interviews with several non-Chinese overseas traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners,whose clients are also non-Chinese.We adopted discourse analysis to explore our data.We found that they actively engaged in doctor-patient narrative with localized interpretation of TCM.We believe such a return to basic doctor-patient narrative is caused by fundamental needs for doctor-patient narrative coinciding with loose control of TCM practices in the studied countries.This discovery may inspire further study on re-establishing doctor-patient narratives in healthcare institutions by re-positioning biochemical medicine.

Promoting integrative medicine by computerization of traditional Chinese medicine for scientific research and clinical practice: The SuiteTCM Project

BACKGROUND： Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is being used to promote the integrative medicine to manage, process and integrate the knowledge related to TCM anatomy, physiology, semiology, pathophysiology, and therapy. METHODS： We proposed the development of the SuiteTCM software, a collection of integrated computational models mainly derived from epidemiology and statistical sciences for computerization of Chinese medicine scientific research and clinical practice in all levels of prevention. The software includes components for data management （DataTCM）, simulation of cases （SimTCM）, analyses and validation of datasets （SciTCM）, clinical examination and pattern differentiation （DiagTCM, TongueTCM, and PulseTCM）, intervention selection （AcuTCM, HerbsTCM, and DietTCM）, management of medical records （ProntTCM）, epidemiologic investigation of sampled data （ResearchTCM）, and medical education, training, and assessment （StudentTCM）. DISCUSSION： The SuiteTCM project is expected to contribute to the ongoing development of integrative medicine and the applicability of TCM in worldwide scientific research and health care. The SuiteTCM 1.0 runs on Windows XP or later and is freely available for download as an executable application.

The Inheritance and Development of Chinese Narrative Medicine Practice to the Philosophical Wisdom of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Starting from the inheritance and promotion of Chinese life philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine wisdom by Chinese narrative medicine practice,this paper discusses the inheritance and echo relationship between the“close textual reading ability”in Chinese narrative medicine practice and the“four diagnoses”in traditional Chinese medicine wisdom,narrative mediation and the“mind-body holistic philosophy”in traditional Chinese medicine,and narrative wisdom and Dao Sheng in Chinese life philosophy.Meanwhile,by analyzing the stories of contemporary doctors’practice of narrative intelligence,this paper expounds that Chinese narrative medicine is a new model of medical education and clinical practice based on the absorption of Chinese traditional life wisdom and the essence of traditional Chinese medicine culture,and the integration of western narrative medicine concepts.It also advocates Chinese scholars to actively build the discipline of“narrative traditional Chinese medicine,”constantly translate the academic achievements to foreign countries,and create a good narrative ecology of traditional Chinese medicine.

Role of traditional Chinese medicine in the initiative practice for health

To achieve awareness of the initiative practice for health concept in the Chinese population,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctors should popularize TCM culture and knowledge among young people,people with a low level of education,in low-income populations,and in rural populations.

Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Prospects for the future of clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine——Emphasis on original theory and clinical practice

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.

How modern teaching technology affects the transmission of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge: reflections from educators in clinical Chinese pharmaceutical education

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)education plays a crucial role in cultivating TCM talents and preserving the profound cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.This paper explores the current situation and problems of TCM education and proposes philosophical reflections on this issue.The analysis shows that the current TCM education faces various challenges,including an unbalanced curriculum,a narrow teaching approach,a lack of practical experience,and an insufficient number of qualified teachers.To enhance the teaching effectiveness and foster a new generation of high-quality Chinese medicine professionals,it is necessary to reform the teaching methods of TCM and integrate the depth of humanities into the teaching process.The paper argues that a philosophical perspective can provide a more comprehensive understanding of TCM education and its role in the development of Chinese medicine.

Teaching Reform of “Nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine” Course Based on OBE Concept

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing is one of the important disciplines in TCM.It is based on TCM theory and combined with modern nursing theory and technology,aiming to provide comprehensive and individualized nursing services.With the changes in the medical environment and the continuous improvement of people’s health needs,the teaching of TCM nursing is facing new challenges and opportunities.This paper aims to discuss the teaching reform of TCM nursing course based on the concept of outcome-based education(OBE)or student-centered teaching.The significance of this study is to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the teaching reform of TCM nursing course,and to promote the development and progress of TCM nursing education.Through the teaching reform based on OBE concept,we can better cultivate TCM nursing talents with innovative spirit and practical skills,and contribute to the development of TCM.

Research on the Reform of“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”Teaching Based on the Concept of Outcome-Based Education

Continuously evolving teaching concepts and the adoption of diverse teaching methods have led to outcome-oriented education becoming a fundamental focus of teaching reform in colleges and universities.In this article,the“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”course is used as an example to discuss the reform of education based on the concept of outcome-based education,with the purpose of improving students'learning outcomes and practical skills.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

Artificial intelligence for the development and implementation guidelines for traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine

The translation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine is crucial to the adoption of medical science and technology,but the low operability and slow update of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine guidelines,and the lack of integration between guidelines and clinical practice,result in the guidelines not having the desired clinical effects in practice.The application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)to the field of CPGs development aims to shorten the development time,optimize and accelerate the whole process of CPG’s development.This article summarized the current research and application status of AI in development and implementation CPGs for TCM and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine and proposed the method of Combining real world data and AI technology to enrich for TCM and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Seminar教学法在中医本科生临床实习教学中的应用效果

目的探讨Seminar教学法在中医本科生临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月在天津中医药大学第一附属医院肝胆科实习的60名中医学专业本科生,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各30人。对照组采用常规教学法,试验组在对照组教学模式基础上采取Seminar教学法。比较两组的应用效果。结果试验组的出科考核成绩高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的出勤情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组的实习主动性、日常提问回答情况、临床书写病历完成度、查房参与情况评分及总分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Seminar教学法能够提升中医本科生的实习主动性、日常提问回答情况、临床书写病历完成度、查房参与情况评分以及出科考核成绩,教学效果良好,是对本科生临床实习带教方法的有益尝试。