Compressed Multi-image Reconstruction Based on Quantization Noise Distribution

Because of the quantization noise introduced during the compression,super-resolution reconstruction(SRR)techniques are complicated for the compressed images.This paper aims to incorporate the prior knowledge of discrete cosine transform(DCT)coefficients into modeling the quantization noise.The spatial covariance matrix of the quantization noise is estimated by utilizing the Laplacian distribution of the alternating current(AC)coefficients.After estimating the spatial joint covariance of overall noises for the imaging system,we propose a general Bayesian framework to enhance the resolution for compressed images.Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show the superiority to previous methods in objective and subjective aspects.

A Novel Coding Method Based on Fuzzy Vector Quantization for Noised Image

In this paper a novel coding method based on fuzzy vector quantization for noised image with Gaussian white-noise pollution is presented. By restraining the high frequency subbands of wavelet image the noise is significantly removed and coded with fuzzy vector quantization. The experimental result shows that the method can not only achieve high compression ratio but also remove noise dramatically.

Application of 3D Scanned Big Data of Large-scale Cultural Heritage Objects Based on Noise-robust Transparent Visualization

Three-dimensional(3D) scanning technology has undergone remarkable developments in recent years.Data acquired by 3D scanning have the form of 3D point clouds.The 3D scanned point clouds have data sizes that can be considered big data.They also contain measurement noise inherent in measurement data.These properties of 3D scanned point clouds make many traditional CG/visualization techniques difficult.This paper reviewed our recent achievements in developing varieties of high-quality visualizations suitable for the visual analysis of 3D scanned point clouds.We demonstrated the effectiveness of the method by applying the visualizations to various cultural heritage objects.The main visualization targets used in this paper are the floats in the Gion Festival in Kyoto(the float parade is on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List) and Borobudur Temple in Indonesia(a UNESCO World Heritage Site).

3D Analysis and Investigation of Traffic Noise Impact from Hemmat Highway Located in Tehran on Buildings and Surrounding Areas

This study analyzes and investigates the impact of traffic noise on high rise buildings and surrounding areas by the side of Hemmat Highway that links west of Tehran to the east. In this study, a 3D traffic noise simulation model is applied on a GIS system. Visualized noise levels are formulated by the proposed model for noise mapping on all surfaces of the buildings and surrounding ground in a 3D platform. The investigation shows that there is a high traffic noise impact on the foreground and front facades of buildings, rendering these areas unsuitable for residential purposes. The ground area by the sides of buildings and the building side panels receive a lower noise impact. Most of these areas are still not acceptable for residential and even commercial use, only the back yards and back panels, have the lowest traffic noise impact. It also shows that the building height is not an effective factor for reducing motorway noise on the upper part of the building. Finally, construction cantilever barriers with a height of seven meters, close to the outer edge of the highway was presented as an effective way to reduce noise within the allowable range of noise pollution for commercial and residential purposes.

Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on Expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2B and Tau Phosphorylation in Hippocampus of Rats

Objective To study the effect of chronic noise exposure on expression of N-methyI-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B （NR2B） and tau phosphorylation in hippocampus of rats. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were divided in control group and chronic noise exposure group. NR2B expression and tau phosphorylation in hippocampus of rats were detected after chronic noise exposure （100 dB SPL white noise, 4 h/dx30d） and their mechanisms underlying neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of rats with TUNEL staining. Results The NR2B expression decreased significantly after chronic noise exposure which resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation and neural apoptosis in hippocampus of rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tau hyperphosphorylation was most prominent in dentate gyrus （DG） and CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Conclusion The abnormality of neurotransmitter system, especially Glu and NR2B containing NMDA receptor, and tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampus of rats, may play a role in chronic noise-induced neural apoptosis and cognition impairment.

Bark-Band Residual Noise Model for Parametric Audio Coding

A Bark-band residual noise model integrated with the human hearing mechanism is proposed to efficiently complement sinusoidal model in parametric audio coding. The time-varying spectrum of the residual noise is retrieved by Bark-scale piecewise constant magnitude estimates along with random phases. In the proposed noise model, Bark bands information is obtained by short-time FFT method and window overlap-add technique is exploited to remove boundary discontinuities. SVQ is also incorporated into parameter quantization process for the low bit-rate coding demand. Simulation results and informal listening tests show that when the sinusoidal model is combined with the Bark-band noise model, better synthesis audio quality can be achieved compared with the original sinusoidal modeling audio codec.

Three-dimensional(3D)parametric measurements of individual gravels in the Gobi region using point cloud technique

Gobi spans a large area of China,surpassing the combined expanse of mobile dunes and semi-fixed dunes.Its presence significantly influences the movement of sand and dust.However,the complex origins and diverse materials constituting the Gobi result in notable differences in saltation processes across various Gobi surfaces.It is challenging to describe these processes according to a uniform morphology.Therefore,it becomes imperative to articulate surface characteristics through parameters such as the three-dimensional(3D)size and shape of gravel.Collecting morphology information for Gobi gravels is essential for studying its genesis and sand saltation.To enhance the efficiency and information yield of gravel parameter measurements,this study conducted field experiments in the Gobi region across Dunhuang City,Guazhou County,and Yumen City(administrated by Jiuquan City),Gansu Province,China in March 2023.A research framework and methodology for measuring 3D parameters of gravel using point cloud were developed,alongside improved calculation formulas for 3D parameters including gravel grain size,volume,flatness,roundness,sphericity,and equivalent grain size.Leveraging multi-view geometry technology for 3D reconstruction allowed for establishing an optimal data acquisition scheme characterized by high point cloud reconstruction efficiency and clear quality.Additionally,the proposed methodology incorporated point cloud clustering,segmentation,and filtering techniques to isolate individual gravel point clouds.Advanced point cloud algorithms,including the Oriented Bounding Box(OBB),point cloud slicing method,and point cloud triangulation,were then deployed to calculate the 3D parameters of individual gravels.These systematic processes allow precise and detailed characterization of individual gravels.For gravel grain size and volume,the correlation coefficients between point cloud and manual measurements all exceeded 0.9000,confirming the feasibility of the proposed methodology for measuring 3D parameters of individual gravels.The proposed workflow yields accurate calculations of relevant parameters for Gobi gravels,providing essential data support for subsequent studies on Gobi environments.

Performance of a New Method of Multicomponent Images Segmentation in the Presence of Noise

Any undesirable signal limiting to a degree or another the integrity and the intelligibility of a useful signal can be considered as noise. In the general rule, the good performance of a system is assured only if the level of power of the useful signal exceeds by several orders of magnitude that of the noise (signal to noise of a several tens of decibels). However certain elaborate methods of treatment allow working with very low signal to noise ratio in an optimal way any a priori knowledge available on the signal useful to interpret. In this work, we evaluate the robustness of the noise on a new method of multicomponent image segmentation developed recently. Two types of additional noises are considered, which are the Gaussian noise and the uniform noise, with varying correlation between the different components (or planes) of the image. Quantitative results show the influence of the noise level on the segmentation method.

紧凑型D波段宽带CMOS低噪声放大器

基于28-nm CMOS工艺,设计了一款工作于D波段的紧凑型、宽带低噪声放大器。该放大器由四级放大器单元级联而成,每级放大器单元均采用基于中和电容技术的差分共源极结构。输入、输出和级间阻抗匹配电路均由变压器网络实现,并且每个放大器单元的中心工作频率被交错配置在120GHz和155GHz附近以实现参差调谐带宽拓展,从而在宽带内实现了平坦的增益响应。仿真和测试结果表明,在34mW直流功耗下,该放大器在中心频率140GHz处实现了19.5dB的峰值增益和28GHz(128GHz~156GHz)的3dB工作带宽,噪声系数和输入1dB压缩点分别为7.8dB~9.2dB和-19.8dBm~-16.6dBm。芯片的核心面积仅为200μm×550μm。

大带宽采样下通用接收机ADC设计

为了解决宽带采样通用接收机中模数转换器(ADC)的抗干扰问题,定量分析采样带宽内存在不同功率的其他信号时对有用信号量化时造成的ADC输出信噪比的损失,对ADC输出信噪比的损失与输入有用信号信噪比、中频预选滤波器带宽内信号的信干噪比、输入信号功率、有用信号带宽、ADC采样带宽、ADC量化位数的关系进行理论分析与推导,并进行多场景下的仿真验证。结果表明,研究中对ADC输入和量化噪声的理论分析及推导是正确的,对于卫星通信中带宽20 kHz的典型信号,当要求输出信噪比损失小于0.1 dB时,要实现20,30和40 dB的抗干扰能力所需要的最小量化位数分别为8位,9位和10位。宽带采样下接收机ADC的设计,可获得最佳的性价比,并利于在工程中控制成本,对于宽窄带兼容接收有一定的工程意义。

Parallel numerical simulations for quantized vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates

We employ the parallel computing technology to study numerically the three-dimensional structure of quantized vortices of Bose-Einstein condensates, For anisotropic cases, the bending process of vortices is described in detail by the decrease of Gross-Pitaevskii energy. A completely straight vortex and the steady and symmetrical multiple-vortex configurations are obtained. We analyse the effect of initial conditions and angular velocity on the number and shape of vortices.

Optical A/D Quantizer Scheme Based on Parallel Phase Mod ulators

A high-speed and high-res ol ution optical A/D quantizer is proposed. Its architecture is discussed. Bit circ uits are built by using the phase modulators in parallel. Based on the different character of the half-wave voltage for every phase modulator and the polari zed bias design of incident light, the RF input signal is coded and transmitted in the form of optical digital signal. According to the principle of the archit ecture, the high-resolution quantizers with 8-bit and 12-bit, et al. are bui lt, which operate at 100 GS/ s. Their quantization noise is invariable almost w ith bit circuits increasing. The simulation result of 4-bit A/D quantizer is al so given.

基于Dropout-多尺度空洞卷积神经网络的轴承故障诊断

为了提高故障诊断模型对故障轴承低信噪比信号的特征提取能力,使模型在强噪声环境下仍能发挥作用,提出了一种基于Dropout-多尺度空洞卷积神经网络(D-MDCNN)的滚动轴承故障诊断模型。首先,通过Dropout数据预处理,对训练数据进行“损坏”,强迫模型仅依靠少量特征便可进行故障诊断,以提高模型的抗噪声能力;然后,使用不同扩张率的空洞卷积扩充了多尺度信息,并利用CNN模块来完成对特征的提取与故障诊断;同时,在模型中加入批量归一化处理操作,用来加快模型训练的收敛速度,提高了模型的性能;最后,利用美国凯斯西储大学轴承数据集和东南大学齿轮箱数据集对基于D-MDCNN的模型进行了实验验证,并将实验结果与采用其他深度学习模型所得的实验结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明:在无噪声至4dB的噪声环境下,D-MDCNN在西储大学和东南大学两个数据集上均可取得99%的诊断准确率;相比于其他同类模型,基于D-MDCNN的模型具有更高的诊断准确率和抗噪声能力。研究结果表明:基于D-MDCNN的模型是一种有效的轴承故障诊断模型。

Elementary Particles Result from Space-Time Quantization

We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value a. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like c and h. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.

一种便携低噪声D类功放的设计与实现

设计实现了一种便携低噪声D类音频功率放大器,输出采用2阶巴特沃斯型低通滤波器,抑制噪声后底噪小于100μVRMS,总谐波失真加噪声(Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise,THD+N)小于0.05%,双通道的输出功率达到50 W。同时,针对MUTE脚的合理设计,使系统摆脱了开关机时存在的爆裂和咔嚓音困扰。在印制电路板的设计上,优化电路布局布线,整体提升了电磁兼容性。实践检测显示,系统拥有较高的工作效率和THD+N性能,在实际体验中听感效果良好,可为实际应用提供借鉴。

A Δ ∑ fractional-N frequency synthesizer for FM tuner using low noise filter and quantization noise suppression technique

A △∑ fractional-N frequency synthesizer fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology is presented for the application of an FM tuner. A low noise filter, occupying a small die area and decreasing the output noise, is integrated on a chip. A quantization noise suppression technique, using a reduced step size of the frequency divider, is also adopted. The proposed synthesizer needs no off-chip components and occupies an area of 0.7 mm2. The in-band phase noise （from 10 to 100 kHz） below -108 dBc/Hz and out-of-band phase noise of -122.9 dBc/Hz （at 1 MHz offset） are measured with a loop bandwidth of 200 kHz. The quantization noise suppression technique reduces the in-band and out-of band phase noise by 15 dB and 7 dB respectively. The integrated RMS phase error is no more than 0.48°. The proposed synthesizer consumes a total power of 7.4 mW and the frequency resolution is less than 1 Hz.

A/D量化对GPS接收机自适应天线性能的影响

A/D量化会带来干扰抑制比和输出卫星信噪比的损耗。通过估算量化噪声和干扰信号互相关矩阵的最大特征值,给出了干扰抑制比的近似表达式,而输出卫星信噪比损耗则是通过计算高斯噪声下量化信号的一阶矩和二阶矩得到的。结果表明,当选择量化间隔Δ=0.5σ(σ2为接收信道的热噪声功率)时,量化噪声近似为独立的均匀分布的白噪声,因A/D量化带来的输出卫星信噪比的损耗不大于0.1dB,干扰抑制能力几乎不受影响。计算机仿真实验也验证了所作分析。

Quantization error in stereo imaging system with noise distributions

The problem of estimating quantization error in 2D images is an inherent problem in computer vision.The outcome of this problem is directly related to the error in reconstructed 3D position coordinates of an object.Thus estimation of quantization error has its own importance in stereo vision.Although the quantization error cannot be controlled fully,still statistical error analysis helps us to measure the performance of stereo systems that relies on the imaging parameters.Generally,it is assumed that the quantization error in 2D images is distributed uniformly that need not to be true from a practical aspect.In this paper,we have incorporated noise distributions(Triangular and Trapezoidal)for the stochastic error analysis of the quantization error in stereo imaging systems.For the validation of the theoretical analysis,the detailed simulation study is carried out by considering different cases.

不同光照条件下CCD相机时间噪声和空间噪声的研究

在用CCD相机进行目标探测时,多数情况下目标的背景具有一定的照度,这个照度会对探测结果产生影响。为了了解背景对探测结果的影响,通过建立CCD相机三维噪声模型及其测试系统,在不同光照条件下对CCD相机的时间噪声和空间噪声进行了测量与分析。给出了测试系统的结构框图和部分测试结果,得到了对CCD输出质量产生主要影响的噪声以及时间噪声和空间噪声随光照度变化的规律。测试结果表明:随着CCD相机光敏面光照度的提高,空间噪声和时间噪声均升高,符合CCD相机的实际性能。