Dendritic spine degeneration:a primary mechanism in the aging process

Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).

Processing of Aniline Aerofloat Wastewater with SBR System and Its Biodegradation Mechanism

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the biodegradation effect and biodegradation mechanism of aniline aerofloat wastewater. MethodSmall-scale processing of simulated aniline aerofloat wastewater was carried out with SBR （Sequencing Batch Reactor） system; intermediate products in the process were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultAccording to the experimental results, the small-scale process was basically stably operated after 40 days of activation and regulation, leading to relatively ideal degradation effect on aniline aerofloat, the COD removal efficiency reached 64.3% , degradation rate of aniline aerofloat reached 93.4%, which could be applied in the treatment of mine flotation wastewater containing such pollutant. During the degradation process, pH increased from 5.83 to 6.60 and then dropped to 6.17, which might be caused by the thiocyanate ions and aniline generated in the degradation process. Aniline aerofloat mainly produced two preliminary products during the biodegradation process： aniline and a substance that was difficult to be biodegraded under aerobic conditions, which was the main reason for the relatively high COD value in effluent. Furthermore, aniline was eventually biodegraded. ConclusionThis study provided basis for the development of biological treatment of flotation wastewater in China and showed great significance for the improvement of ecological environment around the mines.

瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击对SBR系统污染物去除的影响

探究了瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击对SBR系统污染物去除效果的影响,在反应运行的第19、33、45天,通过提高单周期瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N质量浓度至41.05、60.02、80.15 mg/L,对SBR系统进行冲击。结果表明,进水NH4+-N质量浓度从41.05 mg/L增加到80.15 mg/L时,COD、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N去除效果没有明显变化,TN出水质量浓度从10.25 mg/L增加到21.49 mg/L,TN的出水变高主要受碳源不足的影响。三次瞬时NH4+-N冲击负荷下,NH4+-N降解速率基本不变。三次瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击负荷下,SBR系统中EPS总量对比常负荷运行时,均有所提高,且PN的含量在增加,PS的含量先升高后降低。而PN和PS含量的变化,在一定程度上会对活性污泥的絮凝造成影响,导致活性污泥粒径逐渐减少。系统在受到瞬时NH_(4)^(+)-N冲击后,TN出水会有所提高,但是经过一个周期的运行便可以恢复。

粉煤灰与煤矸石协同焙烧陶粒填料及其SBR应用研究

文章通过对粉煤灰、煤矸石固体废物的协同焙烧并对其制备工艺进行深度优化,最终得到性能较好的陶粒填料,采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、比表面积检测法(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,BET)等表征手段分析其性能。结果表明:陶粒材料制备的原料最佳配比(质量分数)为煤矸石45%、粉煤灰25%、膨润土20%、氧化铁5%、氧化钙4%、氧化镁1%;最佳工艺条件为400℃下预热20 min并在1100℃焙烧30 min,制备出的陶粒吸水率为30.2%,表观密度为1546.4 kg/m^(3),比表面积为70.1 m^(2)/g,抗压强度为328.9 N,酸损失率为0.25%,碱损失率为0,该陶粒符合CJ/T 299—2008标准;将所得陶粒投加至序批式活性污泥反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)内,有利于提高微生物挂膜速率,进而提高反应器处理氨氮和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)的效果。该陶粒制备思路可实现煤矸石、粉煤灰固废的大掺量高值化利用,为解决煤矸石、粉煤灰固废堆积、环境污染等问题提供了理论基础和实验依据。

SBR处理大蒜废水影响因素和微生物群落特征

采用AO工艺,利用SBR反应器,以高浓度大蒜废水(COD>7 000 mg/L)为对象,基于控制变量法探究曝气量、进水pH、搅拌速度对污染物去除效果的影响,明确微生物功能菌群和多样性对污染物降解的作用。曝气量和进水pH对污染物去除效果影响显著。系统中以具有脱氮除磷降解有机物功能的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主,两者总体细菌相对丰度分别达到了97.82%和98.41%,明显高于接种污泥的56.48%。科水平A2、A3和A1的样本间距离分别为0.894 05和0.875 83,说明其在物种丰度分布上有较大差异,A2、A3中的优势菌科与A1中的优势菌科相差甚大。A2和A3前9类优势菌科基本一致,但其样本间距离为0.233 72,说明物种丰度分布略有差异,两个反应器处理效果会略有不同。A2和A3具有多种功能,其中化能异养和需氧化能异养作用的功能丰度均大于30%。SBR反应器在曝气量为0.3 L/min,进水pH为7.0,搅拌速度为70 r/min的条件下,污染物去除率达到92%以上。

丁苯橡胶SBR1502无磷配方胶乳凝聚研究

为满足日益严格的环保要求,降低丁苯橡胶生产污水中磷含量,吉林石化公司开发了丁苯橡胶无磷配方生产技术。本文分别从凝聚排放废水中的磷含量、凝聚工艺、产品物性等几方面讨论无磷配方对丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚的影响。实验结果表明,采用无磷配方,丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚后,母液中的磷含量接近于零,完全满足环保排放要求。随着无磷电解质的加料量和凝聚时硫酸消耗量的增加,凝聚速度加快。采用无磷配方胶乳凝聚后,凝聚胶粒的粒径比采用有磷配方的略小。通过降低凝聚搅拌转速,可以避免无磷配方中凝聚胶粒的粒径过小。同时,无磷配方对丁苯橡胶SBR1502产品物性的影响较小,即采用无磷配方,丁苯橡胶SBR1502胶乳凝聚产品性能与采用有磷配方的产品性能相当。

基于Arduino与Processing的心率检测计设计研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活也有了极大的提高,但同时也伴随着各种疾病的到来,身体健康已经成为人们普遍关注的焦点,因此,心率检测仪、血压计、血糖仪等各种家用医疗监测仪器已经逐渐融入日常生活。心脏病是人们难以预防的突发致命疾病之一,本文介绍的是一款基于Arduino【是基于易用硬件和软件的原型开源平台,包由可编程的电路板(简称微控制器),以及集成开发环境(称为Arduino IDE)的现成软件组成】Processing(开源编程语言,包括编辑器、编译器、展示器)的简易心率检测计系统,其功能实用、操作简单,可以测量心率,当超出正常心率范围时及时预警,是一款便携的实时心率测试仪。

铊短期暴露对SBR活性污泥性能的影响

以序批式活性污泥(SBR)工艺为例,从脱氮除磷性能、微生物及酶活性等方面研究了Tl暴露浓度对活性污泥性能的短期扰动及其恢复行为.结果表明:活性污泥的脱氮除磷性能和COD去除均易受Tl的影响.当Tl为500µg/L时,脱氮除磷被抑制,但Tl暴露消除后,性能可恢复.而当Tl为1000µg/L时,尽管除磷效率可恢复至65%,但脱氮过程完全被抑制且不可逆.低浓度Tl提高了COD去除率且高浓度Tl对COD去除的影响是可逆的.此外,200µg/L的Tl提高了微生物活性,但1000µg/L的Tl会导致过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶相对产量分别降低至71.9%和30.8%,极大抑制了微生物活性;比耗氧速率对Tl的存在与消失均很敏感,可作为污水处理厂Tl暴露的指示指标.傅里叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表征结果表明,Tl与游离态胞外聚合物的羟基结合或由Tl^(+)氧化成Tl^(3+),可能是活性污泥降低Tl对其细胞毒性的作用机制.因此Tl短期暴露时,需增强活性污泥的脱氮除磷性能并强化其除Tl能力,以确保污水处理厂稳定运行.本研究揭示了Tl短期暴露对活性污泥系统的潜在影响并提出了应对措施.

臭氧氧化在乙醇SBR出水资源化中的应用研究

为节约水资源,降低生产成本,该研究提出将序批式活性污泥法(sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process,SBR)出水回用于乙醇生产拌料工序。实验结果表明,SBR出水直接回用将导致乙醇发酵被抑制,对SBR出水进行臭氧氧化处理20 min后,SBR出水回用乙醇发酵的抑制性完全解除。研究证明NO_(2)-是SBR出水中的主要抑制物,当NO_(2)-质量浓度达到5 mg/L时就会对发酵产生抑制,表现为酵母细胞数减少且死亡率升高,细胞形态被破坏,对葡萄糖的利用率降低。转录组学研究结果表明,酵母细胞经NO_(2)-胁迫处理后,三羧酸循环与磷酸戊糖途径通量减小,使细胞代谢被抑制,生命活动减弱,因而抑制乙醇发酵。

Sasobit/SBR复合改性沥青流变性能研究

为了得到一种兼顾高低温性能且环境友好的复合改性沥青,研究选用Sasobit与SBR两种材料作为改性剂,制备得到一种高低温性能兼顾的复合改性沥青。通过对不同掺配比例(Sasobit掺量为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%;SBR掺量为0%、3%、4%、5%、6%)复合改性沥青老化前后的流变性能进行研究,确定了Sasobit/SBR复合改性沥青的最佳掺配比例,利用红外光谱实验研究复合改性沥青的改性机理,并利用荧光显微镜观察改性剂在沥青中的分散情况。研究结果表明:Sasobit的加入会提高沥青的高温流变性能,降低沥青的低温性能;SBR的加入会提高沥青的低温流变性能,对高温流变性能的提升不明显。在兼顾经济性的情况下,复合改性沥青的最佳掺配比例为3%Sasobit+5%SBR。红外光谱分析表明,复合改性沥青的改性机理为物理改性,两种改性剂在沥青中分布均匀,有交联结构产生。

基于改进SBR技术的地面目标SAR图像快速生成技术

传统的弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray,SBR)技术主要适用于自由空间目标的电磁散射计算,当用于地面目标与背景复合场景的电磁散射计算和合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像建模与仿真时,在小擦地角下其计算误差显著增大。针对此问题,提出了一种基于“四路径”模型的改进SBR技术,其考虑了目标与邻域地面之间的多次反射效应以及目标与远区地面之间的多径散射效应对地面目标散射回波的影响。首先构建一个尺寸略大于目标包围盒的粗糙地面实体模型;然后结合“镜像法”改进射线追踪技术,分析电磁波在目标各部件间、目标同实体地面之间以及同虚拟半空间分界面之间的射线传播过程;最后结合高频渐近方法完成电磁散射计算。利用精确数值法计算结果对所提出技术进行了验证,并将其应用于地面目标的SAR图像高逼真度仿真,同实测SAR图像比对表明了所提技术具有良好的适用性。

3株高效石油降解菌对SBR处理含油废水的强化作用

研究了3株不同高效石油降解菌株用于序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理含油废水的效果。结果表明,投加菌液苍白杆菌FP1、假单胞菌X1、红平红球菌KB1的SBR,COD平均去除率分别为90.8%、92.8%、98.2%;石油类物质平均去除率分别为79.1%、80.0%、92.8%;NH_(4)^(+)-N平均去除率分别为87.5%、91.4%、94.7%;TP平均去除率分别为23.8%、30.9%、44.4%。与未投加石油降解菌相比,投加石油降解菌株能显著提高SBR对含油废水中各污染物的去除效率,同时系统运行稳定,耐冲击负荷能力高。实验结果还表明在SBR中投加Fe Cl3利用化学除磷协助生物除磷可提高系统对TP的去除率,同时提高活性污泥的絮凝沉降性能,增加系统内活性生物量。该研究为生物强化SBR处理含油废水的工艺设计与设备运行提供了参考,石油降解菌强化SBR技术有望应用于含油废水生物处理。

Feasibility of Biological Elimination of COD, Ammonia-Nitrogen and Total Nitrogen from HTS Molecular Sieves Wastewater Using SBR Processes

The wastewater from hollow titanium silicate (HTS) zeolite consists essentially of high concentrations of COD and salt, and low ammonia-nitrogen concentrations (or high, sometimes). These chemical pollutants are produced in very large quantities during oil refining and are very difficult to manage on site. In addition, they can be very harmful to the environment when released without any treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate, on the one hand, the feasibility of removing the COD from HTS wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and, on the other hand, to test the combined effect of nitrification and denitrification under different conditions of treatment on the elimination of Total Nitrogen (TN) from HTS wastewater containing a high concentration of ammonia-nitrogen. SBR intermittent domestication tests of sludge have been successfully carried out with wastewater from a municipal treatment plant with a COD removal rate of 87%. Subsequently, HTS wastewater containing high concentrations of COD was treated by this SBR system. After three months of operation, the efficiency of COD elimination fluctuated between 47% and 67%. Therefore this result could serve as a precursor to a possible second COD bioprocessing. The results obtained during nitrification of the same HTS molecular sieves wastewater with low C/N ratio gave, under an operating temperature below 10°C (winter conditions), less than 16% of total nitrogen (TN) removal. When the temperature was increased to 40°C, the TN removal efficiency remained worse. These observations make it possible to affirm that the change in temperature solely had no effect on oxidation of TN. Thereafter, two SBR devices were used for the denitrification process: one containing HTS wastewater, activated sludge and glucose as carbon source, and the other only HTS wastewater and activated sludge. In both cases, the elimination of TN still low even with an increase in the amount of glucose. These situations show that the TN removal was not only depended on type of carbon source. Based on the results of nitrification and denitrification tests, it may turn out that the activated sludge microorganisms’ activities were affected by the HTS molecular sieves wastewater high concentration as well as the salinity (about 3%) of this kind of wastewater.

Treatment of Intestinal Lavage Wastewater by Coagulation-ASBR-SBR Process

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions for the treatment of intestinal lavage wastewater by coagulation-ASBR- SBR process. [ Method] According to the water-quality characteristics of wastewater from a heparin sodium production factory of Jiangsu Province, intestinal lavage wastewater was segregated from enzymolysis wastewater and treated using coagulation-ASBR-SBR process, and the effects of PFS dosage, HRT of ASBR and SBR reactor on the removal rate of COD and NH4＊ -N were analyzed. [ Result] The best dosage of PFS was 0.15 g/L, and the optimal HRT of ASBR reactor was 36 h, while the best HRT of SBR reactor was 15 h. Under the optimal conditions above, the removal rate of COD and NH,＊ -N reached 99.1% and 97.3% respectively, and the quality of the effluent water could reach the first standard of Comprehensive Discharge Standard of Sewage （GB8978-1996）. [ Conclusion ] The research could provide a new process for the treatment of intestinal lavage westewater.

Use of Tetrazolium Salt INT for Estimation of Biological Activity of Activated Sludge Cultivated in SBR Process

The tetrazolium salt 2-（4-Iodophenyl） -3-（ 4-nitrophenyl ） -5-phenyltetrazolium chloride （INT） was used as a tool fi）r estimating the activity of the electron transport system （ETS） in activated sludge in a 40 L sequencing batch reactor （SBR） and domestie sewage as the organic substrate. The activity of INT-ETS during one SBR cycle, and the effeet of the ammonia concentration and the concentration of organic matter influent on the INT-ETS activity were investigated. The results show that： the use of INT is reliable in estimating of biological activity of activated sludge of SBR system; Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification process in SBR system reduce orderly. Obviously, INT-ETS activity reduces from 232.59 rny/（g · h） to 190. 65 rag/（ g ·h） at first and then decreases to 113.88 my/（ g · h） when influent concentration of COD and NH4＋-N is 300 my/L and 40 mg/L respectively. In addition, various influent Nitrogen （NH4＋-N are 14.5 mg/L and 42.0 my/L） and organic shock loading （COD are 293 mg/L and 685 my/L） experimenntions cure prove that operational conditions have no obvious effect on INT-ETS variation rule. However, the time of the appearance of feature points marking different reaction phase is influenced.

双端硅改性SSBR合成及其在胎面胶中的应用研究

通过以自合成的硅锂为引发剂,二乙烯基苯DVB为偶联剂,氯代硅烷为封端剂合成双端含有硅烷改性的溶聚丁苯橡胶,并研究其性能特点。结果表明,自合成的官能化硅锂引发剂,可以稳定获得90%以上收率,储存稳定性好、活性高;合成的双端含有硅改性的SSBR,与以n-BuLi为引发剂的SSBR性能对比,耐磨性提高6.5%,压缩生热降低4℃,滚动阻力降低21.5%,体现出优异的燃油经济性。

纳米ZnO/SBR复合改性乳化沥青及其微表处混合料性能

为了研究纳米ZnO与SBR对乳化沥青的复合改性效果和路用性能,开展了纳米ZnO/SBR复合改性乳化沥青的性能表征与评价工作,研究纳米ZnO掺量对乳化沥青以及微表处混合料路用性能的影响。研究表明,纳米ZnO对乳化沥青的流体特征(粒度、模量等)产生了明显影响,纳米ZnO掺量为2%、3%时提高了残留物的软化点、不可回复柔量和SPG等级等高温性能;纳米ZnO掺量为0~3%时,乳化沥青的高温等级均能达到SPG70。纳米ZnO改性乳化沥青应用于微表处混合料时,表现出破乳速度快、混合料早期强度高的特点;当纳米ZnO掺量大于2%后,乳化沥青稀浆料的工作性下降,破乳无法控制。

SBR脱氮除磷最佳运行工况的探究

为探究SBR工艺处理城市生活污水的最佳反应工况,采取“进水-好氧-缺氧-厌氧-好氧-沉淀-排水-闲置”的工艺流程,将脱氮除磷过程分离开来,对分段进水最佳流量比和各阶段最佳反应时间进行研究。结果表明:对于总磷和COD的去除,A进水模式(流量比为7∶3)去除率最高,分别为83.69%和91.64%;对于总氮和氨氮的去除,C进水模式(流量比为9∶1)的进水方式去除率最高,分别为83.40%和93.50%。同时,研究发现有效反应时间为12 h时为脱氮除磷的最佳运行工况。

分段进水对SBR工艺脱氮除磷性能的研究

为解决传统SBR工艺处理城市污水时存在反硝化菌与聚磷菌竞争碳源、脱氮除磷效果不佳的问题,本通过“好氧-缺氧-厌氧-好氧”,将脱氮除磷过程分离开来,并对分段进水进行研究。结果表明:有效反应时间为12h时效果最好,而分段进水流量比对COD的去除没有明显差异,流量比为9∶1时总氮和氨氮的去除效率最高,可分别达到83.40%和93.50%,流量比为7∶3时总磷去除效率最高,可达到83.68%,大大提高了脱氮除磷效果。

A^(2)O-SBR工艺在城镇污水处理厂中的应用

A^(2)O-SBR工艺为A2O工艺与SBR工艺串联组合,为了探究A^(2)O-SBR工艺在城镇污水处理厂的应用效果,分析广西壮族自治区东兴市城东污水处理厂2021年运行情况,结果表明:厂区出水稳定达标排放,A^(2)O-SBR工艺脱氮除磷效果好;COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP平均去除率为87.05%、97.23%、80.86%,最高去除率为97.55%、98.36%、91.21%;出水浓度相对稳定,A^(2)O-SBR工艺对上述三种污染物的去除率也相对稳定,对NH_(4)^(+)-N效果最好,全年去除率稳定达到95%以上;该污水处理厂平均处理成本0.53元/m^(3)。