中国南海软珊瑚Dendronephthya gigantea中的多羟基甾醇成分

从中国南海三亚海域采集的软珊瑚Dendronephthyagigantea中 ,分离得到 6个甾醇类成分 ,分别为胆甾醇 (Ⅰ ) ,胆甾 5 烯 3β ,7β二醇 (Ⅱ ) ,胆甾 5 ,2 2 (E) 二烯 3β ,7α 二醇 (Ⅲ ) ,2 4 亚甲基 胆甾 5 烯 3β ,7α 二醇 (Ⅳ ) ,2 4 甲基 胆甾 5 ,2 2 (E) 二烯 3β ,7α 二醇 (Ⅴ )和胆甾 5 烯 3β ,7α二醇 (Ⅵ )。应用1H ,13CNMR ,EIMS等谱学方法确定了它们的结构。

介形类化石Cypridea(Pseudocypridina)gigantea的地层及环境意义

介形类化石Cypridea(Pseudocypridina)gigantea是准噶尔盆地晚白垩世的重要分子,其地质时代应为晚白垩世中晚期,相当于坎潘尼-马斯特里赫特期;在我国上白垩统普遍见到,其地理分布广,地质时限短,可作为晚白垩世的标志分子,在地层划分对比中举足轻重。由于晚白垩世准噶尔盆地普遍发育红层,气候比较干燥,处于氧化及蒸发环境,生物化石较贫乏,介形类化石反映当时为偏淡水浅水环境,生活水域为低盐度的湖泊、沼泽、池塘、河流等,主要为河流-浅湖环境。

大花香水月季(Rosa odorata var. gigantea)茎段组织培养的抗褐化研究

以大花香水月季(R. odorata var. gigantea)单芽茎段为外植体,研究了不同培养基、抗褐化剂以及不同时长黑暗低温预处理对组培过程中褐化的影响。结果表明:WPM培养基为适合的基本培养基;添加有3 g/L活性炭(AC)的培养基中褐化率降至最低的9%,但外植体萌发率远低于2 g/L聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)下的78%,硝酸银(AgNO3)未达到预期效果;24 h的黑暗低温预处理可减轻褐变。试验表明:大花香水月季外植体于4℃下黑暗低温处理24 h后,接种于含有2 g/L PVP的WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,3周后褐化率为15%,萌发率可达83.3%。

Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Cyathea gigantea(Wall.ex.Hook.)leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cyathea gigantea(C.gigantea)against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.Methods:The hepatoprotective activity for plant extract was investigated for paracetamol induced hepatoxicity in rats.Wislar albino rats of either sex were divided into five groups of 6 animals each and are given orally the following treatment for seven days.The normal control group was given 1%Na.CMC 1mL/kg bw,p.o.Paracetamol at dose of 1g/kg bw,p.o.was given as toxic dose for inducing hepatoloxicity.Silymarin(50mg/kg.p.o.) was given as reference standard.Two doses of C. gigantea extract i.e.,100 mg/kg.p.o.and 200 mg/kg,p.o.were tested for hepatoprotective activity. The treatment was given for seven days and after 24 h of last treatment blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analysed for various serum parameters like serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT),serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin(TB)and total protein(TP)in different groups.Results:The paracetamol intoxication lead to histological and biochemical deteriorations.The treatment with methanolic leaf extract of C.gigantea reduced the elevated levels of SCOT,SGPT,ALP,TB and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract of C.gigantea.Conclusions:The methanolic extract of leaves of C.gigantea at doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw have significant effect on liver of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity model in rats.

Evaluation of antitumour activity of Calotropis gigantea L.root bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice

Objective:To investigate experimentally the possible antitumor effect of methanol extract(ME) of Calotropis gigantea L.(C.gigantean) root bark and its petroleum ether(PEF) and chloroform(CF) soluble fractions against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) in Swiss albino mice.Methods:The effects of ME(10 and 20 mg/kg),PEF(40 and 80 mg/kg) and CF(20 and 40 mg/kg) on the growth of EAC and life span of EAC bearing mice were studied.Hematological profile and biochemical parameters(SAI.P,SGPT and SCOT) were also estimated.Results:Results of in vivo study showed a significant decrease in viable tumor cell count and a significant increase of life span in the ME and CF treated group compared to untreated one.The life span of ME and CF treated animals was significandy(P【0.05) increased by 43.90%(20 mg ME/kg) and 57.07%(40 mg CF/kg).ME and CF brought back the hematological parameter more or less normal level.ME and CF also restored the altered levels of serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT).Conclusions:Methanol extract(ME) of C.gigantea root bark and its chloroform soluble fraction(CF) possesses significant antitumor activity.

水曲柳节律相关GIGANTEA基因的克隆及同源性比对分析

[目的]对水曲柳节律相关GIGANTEA基因的克隆及同源性进行比对分析。[方法]根据GenBank中GI基因保守结构域设计简并引物,进行PCR分析,并与其他物种的氨基酸序列进行同源性比对分析。[结果]获得了编码区780 bp的部分序列,可以编码260个氨基酸,获得的GI基因命名为FmGI,与多个物种GI基因有着较高的同源性,其中与葡萄、大豆、苜蓿、毛果杨、蓖麻、黄瓜、菊花、大麦、玉米、小麦、拟南芥、黑麦草、洋葱和云杉等多个物种具有较高一致性。系统发育树分析结果表明,GI基因按照单子叶植物、双子叶植物和裸子植物的进化关系聚为3类,明确了水曲柳GI基因的系统进化关系。[结论]该方法对水曲柳生物节律钟GI基因编码区进行了克隆,并对获得的部分GI蛋白序列进行了同源性比对分析,建立了系统进化树,为进一步获得水曲柳GI基因全长及研究其功能起到一定参考作用。

陕西府谷晚中新世巨鬣狗(Dinocrocuta gigantea)(食肉目：鬣狗科)颅基部形态研究（英文）

巨鬣狗(Dinocrocuta gigantea)之前曾因其特殊的乳齿特征而被排除于鬣狗科之外,而归入单独的中鬣狗科(Percrocutidae)。对一产自陕西府谷的巨鬣狗头骨后部进行了扫描和内部结构重建,详细描述了颅基部内外形态,并与其他猫形类进行了对比。巨鬣狗在颅基部显示出了鬣狗科的典型模式,支持将其置于鬣狗科之内的传统观点,而中鬣狗科的有效性则值得怀疑。巨鬣狗的颅基部还具有很多独特特征,暗示其可能是鬣狗科的一个早期旁支。

Study on the Biomass Measuration for the Artificial Forest of <i>Calotropis gigantea</i>(L.) <i>Dryand.</i>

Based on artificial forest of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. area of 20.1 hm2, planted in the base of seed management station in Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, according to the average standard wooden method, the stand biomass was calculated in this paper. Based on the survey data of representative sample trees, the single-tree biomass model was constructed.

Therapeutic potential of Calotropis gigantea extract against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis:In vitro and in vivo study

Objective:To characterize the antifungal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea alone or in combination with amphotericin B against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice.Methods:GC/MS was used for analysis of active constituents of Calotropis gigantea extract.Spore germination assay and broth micro-dilution method were used to determine antifungal potential of Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus.Neutropenic mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups:group 1 was neutropenic(control);group 2 was infected with Aspergillus fumigatus;group 3 was infected with Aspergillus fumigatus,and treated with Calotropis gigantea extract;group 4 was infected with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated with amphotericin B;group 5 was infected with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated with both Calotropis gigantea extract and amphotericin B.Fresh lung tissues were histopathologically examined.Fungal burden and gliotoxin concentration were evaluated in lung tissues.Catalase,superoxide dismutase,and malondialdehyde content were determined in lung tissues.Myeloperoxidase,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-1,and interleukin-17 were also estimated by the sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay.Results:Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B had a minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 80 and 160μg/mL,respectively,for Aspergillus fumigatus.Additionally,Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B significantly reduced lung fungal burden by 72.95%and inhibited production of gliotoxin in lung tissues from 6320 to 1350μg/g lung.Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B reduced the oxidative stress of the lung via elevating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidation.Myeloperoxidase activity and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also significantly reduced.Scanning electron microscopy revealed deteriorations in the hyphae ultrastructure in Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B treated Aspergillus fumigatus and leak of cellular components after damage of the cell wall.In vivo study revealed the suppression of lung tissue damage in mice of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,which was improved with Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B compared to the control group.Conclusions:Calotropis gigantea/amphotericin B is a promising treatment to reduce lung fungal burden and to improve the drugs’therapeutic effect against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

GC-MS Analysis of Liposoluble Constituents from Calotropis gigantea Roots

[Objectives] To effectively develop Calotropis gigantea resources and find the biological active constituents with medicinal value.[Methods]The liposoluble constituents from C. gigantea roots were studied by GC-MS for the first time. [Results] 62 constituents were separated and identified from C. gigantea roots,amounting to 60. 43% of the total constituents,α-amyrin( 4. 18%),ethyl palmitate( 3. 49%),1,7-dimethyl-naphthalene( 3. 06%) were the main liposoluble constituents. [Conclusions] Cardiac glycoside was mainly found in methanol extracts and not detected in liposoluble constituents by extraction of petroleum ether. However,the present study found another component of low toxicity—naphthalene and its derivatives.

Liposoluble Constituents from the Flowers of Calotropis Gigantea and Their Antimicrobial Activity

[Objectives] To study the liposoluble constituents and their antimicrobial activity from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea.[Methods]The liposoluble constituents from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS) method and their relative content was determined by area normalization method; and their antimicrobial activity against 2 pathogens was tested by agar disc diffusion method. [Results]31 compounds were separated and identified,amounting to 85. 14% of the total constituents,27 compounds were reported for the first time in the study of the liposoluble constituents from Calotropis gigantea. The results indicated that the liposoluble constituents from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea exhibited weak antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Canidia albicans. [Conclusions] The research results provided scientific foundation for exploitation and utilization of Calotropis gigantea.

海南钻喙兰B类MADS-box基因的克隆与表达分析

为了更多的了解B类MADS-box基因对兰花花器官发育的调控机理,本研究通过设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术从海南钻喙兰(Rhynchostylis gigantea)中分离得到两个B类MADS-box基因。序列分析表明,两基因分别属于B类MADS-box基因的AP3和PI家族,命名为RgAP3和RgPI。RgAP3基因含有一个675bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码225个氨基酸,RgPI基因含有一个633bp的开放阅读框,编码211个氨基酸。表达分析显示,两基因仅在生殖器官中表达,而在营养器官中没有表达,其中RgPI在花器官的各个部分均有表达,而RgAP3仅在花瓣、萼片中有表达,而在花梗和子房中没有表达。

牛角瓜纤维性能及其应用

牛角瓜纤维是一种新型天然植物纤维,有着特殊的中空结构,在环保及纺织印染领域有广泛的应用前景。主要从牛角瓜纤维的组成、结构和基本功能进行论述,系统介绍了牛角瓜纤维作为吸附材料在污染治理方面的应用,以及作为纺织材料在染色和纺纱方面的应用。牛角瓜纤维作为一种优异的天然纤维材料,必将在未来得到广泛应用。

兰科火烧兰属Epipactis若干种类的增补与修订

讨论了北美火烧兰Epipactisgigantea、卵叶火烧兰E .royleana和大叶火烧兰E .mairei之间的异同。过去被许多作者认为是北美火烧兰E .gigantea和卵叶火烧兰E .royleana的中国植物实际上应是大叶火烧兰E .mairei。

扇贝核糖体ITS1和5SrDNA序列的遗传变异及亲缘关系分析

为探讨引进种岩扇贝(Crassadoma gigantea)及虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)的遗传变异及其之间的亲缘关系,研究对4种扇贝的核糖体ITS1序列及5S rDNA序列进行了测定,获得了4种扇贝的ITS1和5S rDNA全序列以及18S rDNA的部分序列,并进行了序列特征、遗传多样性、遗传距离及系统发育等相关分析。结果显示,基于ITS1序列的单倍型数、核苷酸变异位点、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数及平均核苷酸差异数分别在2—6、1—12、0.425—0.800、0.00081—0.00486和0.366—2.442;基于5S序列的相应参数分别在2—5、1—14、0.533—0.841、0.00108—0.01058和0.533—5.726。4种扇贝均表现出较低的多样性水平(π<0.01)。此外,4种扇贝基于2种方法计算的种间遗传距离分别在0.040—0.121和0.042—0.413,均表现为岩扇贝与虾夷扇贝的遗传距离最近,而岩扇贝与海湾扇贝遗传距离最远。并且系统进化树分析显示岩扇贝与虾夷扇贝独自聚为一支,说明引进物种岩扇贝与虾夷扇贝的亲缘关系较近。研究结果将为岩扇贝的种质资源保护以及今后的遗传育种研究工作提供参考信息。

牛角瓜果实发育规律及纤维性状分析

牛角瓜果实纤维可替代棉纤维用于纺织业,是一种值得推广的生态环保的新型纤维材料。为明确牛角瓜果实发育的规律,制定相关栽培管理措施,本试验对巴基斯坦瓜达尔港的牛角瓜果实外部特征、内部纤维发育过程进行了观察。结果表明,牛角瓜果实外部大小与内部纤维长度成正相关,即果实越大,纤维长度越长。在坐果后第1天至第6天为缓慢增长期,此时应采取保果措施;第7天至第19天为果实生长和纤维快速增长期,此时应给予足够的养分;第20天至第30天为缓慢增长期,此时应侧重于病虫害的防治。

不同浓度ABT和浸泡时间对西藏2种柏树扦插生根的影响

设置5种浓度(0、50、100、200、300 mg·L-1)ABT溶液和浸泡时间处理藏柏和巨柏插穗开展扦插试验,探讨其对西藏2种柏树插穗生根的影响。通过测定插穗切口愈合率、膨大率、腐烂率和根系发育等指标,应用隶属函数值法综合评价不同处理对藏柏和巨柏插穗生根的影响。结果表明:100 mg·L-1的ABT溶液中浸泡插穗3 h对藏柏和巨柏插穗愈伤组织和根系发育状况最优。

基于SRAP标记的海南钻喙兰种质资源遗传多样性分析

利用SRAP标记技术分析了来自海南岛22个居群地的144份海南钻喙兰野生资源的遗传多样性.结果显示,从100对SRAP引物组合中筛选出24对引物组合,共检测出390个位点,平均每对引物组合检测位点为16.2个,其中多态性位点为299个,占76.9％;利用NTSYS-pc2.10软件,计算海南钻喙兰材料间的相似系数并采用最大距离法（COMPLETE）进行聚类分析,结果144份材料间的相似系数范围为0.508-0.959,平均为0.691,在相似系数为0.515处可将144份材料分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ2大组,在相似系数为0.600处,Ⅰ组可分为3个亚组,Ⅱ组可分为9个亚组,东方市板桥镇的材料相似系数最大,乐东县佳西热带雨林保护区与采自琼中县红毛镇的材料间相似系数最小.聚类结果出现“大杂居、小聚居”的现象,表明海南钻喙兰遗传距离与地理距离不完全相关.

Potentials of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungus in Tolerating Drought in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.)

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops widely grown for food, feed, and fodder/forage throughout the world in a range of agroecological environments. Drought stress continues to haunt the maize farmers across south western part of Nigeria, thereby leading to low quantity of this essential staple food in the market. Efforts have been made to enhance the growths and yields in maize by investigating the influence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Gigaspora gigantea) on the tolerance of maize to drought stress. The experiment was conducted in the teaching and research farm of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replicates. Data were collected on eight morphological drought related characters. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the morpho-agronomic responses and potential of Gigaspora gigantea colonization in maize drought tolerance, and also to select parents in maize breeding for improved yield related components. The combined analysis of variance showed significant (P 0.05) treatment effect on majority of the traits evaluated. The treatments of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungus (AMF) produced significant higher growth related traits suggesting that AMF treated plants had higher potential in influencing the tolerance to drought. Accession 3 was considered best for most of the traits studied and can be selected as parents in maize breeding for yield related components.