Exploring a novel class tryptophan hydroxylase 1 inhibitor derived from Sambucus williamsii Hance for the osteoporosis treatment

Objective:Gut-derived serotonin strongly inhibits bone formation by inhibiting osteoblast proliferation.Our previous study demonstrated that the lignan-rich fraction prepared from Sambucus willimasii Hance,a folk herbal medicine used to treat bone fractures and joint diseases in China,exerted bone-protective effects,and its actions were modulated by suppressing the synthesis of gut-derived serotonin via the inhibition of intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH-1).However,there is no direct evidence for the action of lignans on TPH-1.This study aimed to verify the direct action of lignans on the TPH-1 and its influence on serotonin synthesis and bone properties.Methods:Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance were performed to determine the affinities of lignans to TPH-1.The cell viability and the protein activity and expression of TPH-1 were measured in RBL2H3 cells.The serum serotonin level and bone mineral density upon lignan treatment in ovariectomized mice were determined.Result:The lignans showed high binding scores and binding affinities to TPH-1,inhibited the activity and protein expression of TPH-1,suppressed the serum serotonin levels in ovariectomized mice as well as promoted bone mineral density.Conclusion:This is the first study to report that lignans are novel TPH-1 inhibitors and that these lignans could be potential agents for the management of serotonin-related diseases,including osteoporosis.

Effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance Extract on Blood Lipid of Laying Hen Feed with High Energy and Low Protein Diet

[Objectives]To explore the effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance(ACH)extract on blood lipid indicators of laying hen fed with high energy and low protein diet.[Methods]Sixty 90-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group(basic diet),the model group(high-energy and low-protein diet,HELPD),the low-dose group(HELPD+0.5 g ACH extract per hen,LACH),and the medium-dose group(HELPD+1 g ACH extract per hen,MACH),high dose group(HELPD+2 g ACH extract per hen,HACH).The ACH extract was administrated by drinking water for 48 d.[Results]Different doses of ACH could improve the pathological changes induced by high energy and low protein.ACH extract had no significant effect on blood routine indicators of laying hens(P>0.05).The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the model group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood lipid between LACH group and model group(P>0.05).In MACH and HACH groups,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the content of HDL-C was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The ACH extract can regulate theHELPD-induced dyslipidemia in laying hens.

Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Abrus mollis Hance with Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay

[ Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity ofAbrus mollis Hance by using single cell gel electrophoresis. [Method] Forty mice were di- vided into five groups randomly, including positive control group （ cyclophosphamide group ）, negative control group （ physiological saline group）, high-dose A. moles Hance group （30 g/kg）, moderate-dose A. mollis Hance group （20 g/kg） and low-dose A. mollis Hance group （10 g/kg）. Tail DNA% and Tail Moment of mouse liver, kidney, lung and testicular cells were analyzed by using single cell gel electrophoresis assay, to investigate the effect of A. mollis Hance on DNA in mouse cells. [Result] Compared with positive control group, Tail DNA% and Tail Moment of moose liver, kidney, lung and testicular cells in A. moles Hance groups were significantly lower （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with negative control group, Tail DNA% and Tail Moment of mouse liver, kidney, lung and testicular ceils in high-dose A. mollis Hance group were significantly lower （ P 〈 0.01 ）, while the other A. mollis Hance groups showed no statistically significant difference （ P 〉0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] A. mollis Hance has no damage effect on DNA in mouse cells within this experimental dose range.

Responses of Nitrogen Metabolism to Rhizobium Inoculation in Abrus mollis Hance

In different periods, the contents of nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different parts of Abrus mollis Hance were determined for each period by nesslerization, ninhydrin method and salicylic acid method in pot experiment. By using related data statistical software, the effects of Rhizobium inoculation on nitrogen metabolism, accumulation and distribution in Abrus mollis Hance were analyzed preliminarily.

紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula Hance)叶片形态和生理生态特征对不同光强的响应

紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula Hance)是我国特有的珍稀濒危药用植物。以紫背天葵组培球茎为材料,通过遮阴网设置3种光照强度,分析紫背天葵叶片形态、生理、营养元素及次生代谢产物含量对光照的响应特征,以期为其人工栽培提供理论指导。结果表明,紫背天葵的比叶面积和表观量子效率随光照强度的增大而降低,而上表皮厚度随光照强度的增大而增加。尽管高光照(80%自然光照)处理下的紫背天葵叶片具有更高的最大光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、瞬时水分及光能利用效率,但对照(50%自然光照)下的紫背天葵叶片具有更丰富的总花青素含量(0.4μmol·g-1)。与对照相比,低光照下(20%自然光照)的紫背天葵叶片最大光和速率、暗呼吸速率、光补偿点、光饱和点及瞬时水分利用效率显著降低,且总花青素含量无显著差异。上述结果表明,紫背天葵可通过调节自身形态生理特征来适应较高或较低的光照条件,对不同的光环境有较好的适应能力。但从叶片药用成分保持的角度来看,紫背天葵在接近原生境光照条件的50%自然光照下具有更佳的光合作用和花青素合成能力,可作为其人工栽培的参考光照条件。

中华结缕草(Zoysia sinica Hance)组织培养和再生植株研究

以中华结缕草(ZoysiasinicaHance)成熟种子为外植体在附加2.5mg/L2,4-D、0.25mg/L6-BA和1～2mg/LVB1的改良MS培养基(MSm)上愈伤组织的诱导率最高为43.0%。愈伤组织的最佳继代培养基为MSm附加0.1mg/L6-BA和2.0mg/L2,4-D。在无生长调节物质的MS培养基(MS0)上,外观呈白色到淡黄色、含有密实颗粒的愈伤组织再生率为30%～60%。

两种生态型东南景天(Sedum alfredii Hance)根系互作效应对植株生长及吸收利用土壤Zn的影响

采用盆栽套种方法探讨了不同程度根系互作对两种生态型东南景天的生长和吸收利用土壤Zn的影响,以及超积累生态型东南景天的根系是否能活化土壤中难利用态Zn。不同程度的根系互作采用不同隔膜处理,即无隔膜处理、400目尼龙筛布隔开和PVC板隔开。结果发现,当两种生态型东南景天套种时,不同程度的根系互作对非超积累生态型东南景天的地上部和根系的生物量、根系Zn含量有显著影响。当与超积累生态型东南景天的根系完全交互作用或采用400目尼龙筛布隔开时,非超积累生态型的根系Zn含量显著增加,其地上部和根系生物量比其单种时显著减少。这些结果间接表明,超积累生态型东南景天根系能够活化土壤中的难溶态Zn。

珍稀濒危植物紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula Hance)的生态生物学研究进展

紫背天葵是秋海棠科的珍稀濒危植物种,因其独特的药用功效而价值较高,野外资源因过度采摘而处于濒危状态。主要介绍了紫背天葵的植物形态特征和群落组成、地理分布及生境特征、植化属性、人工繁殖及产品加工方面的研究进展,并从紫背天葵的保护、生产和科学研究三个方面指出了目前存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了结合生态、技术与社会三方面内容的保护措施及未来的研究应用方向,以期实现对紫背天葵的有效保护和持续利用。

Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vectors of EBP1 Gene from Nervilia Fordii (Hance) Schltr.

[Objective] To construct prokaryotic expression vectors encoding gene Erb3binding protein （EBP1）, which plays important roles in regulating plant organ size from Nervilia fordii （Hance） Schltr. [Methods] PCR products of NfEBP1 with particular restriction sites and expression vectors, pET-28 and pET-16b were digested. Ligation, transformation and selection were performed to construct the recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1 and pET-16-NfEBP1. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 using heat -shock transformation. [Results] Recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1-1188 and pET-16-NfEBP1-1188 were constructed and transformed into expressional host cells, E. coli BL21, and validated by colony PCR, sequencing and double digestion. [Conclusion] Prokaryotic expression vectors of EBP1 gene from N. fordii were successfully constructed, which laid the foundation for characterization of the gene function.

翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis)群落的种间分离

在野外对山西翅果油树群落31个样方内所有基径≥1cm的灌木绘制空间分布图,应用最近邻体法判定每个个体的最近邻体植株,然后采用N×N最近邻体列联表及其截表(2×2最近邻体列联表)的方法,研究翅果油树群落所有灌木的种间分离规律。结果表明:该群落中随机毗邻种对占绝大多数(80.94%),正分离种对较少(18.78%),负分离种对极少(0.28%)。呈负分离的极少数种对是一些个体较小的小灌木,它们多为群落的伴生种,具有相近的生境需求,较激烈的种间竞争可能导致它们随机或均匀分布,因此这些种对表现出负分离;较大的个体之间容易发生正分离,因为它们大多是群落的建群种或优势种,具有强的适应能力和竞争能力。从星座图上可清晰地看到种间分离在不同种之间存在一定的差异。另外,引入群落全面分离这一新概念,并应用χ2检验进行检验研究了翅果油树群落中所有物种的全面分离规律。结果表明,翅果油树群落内38个物种互相交错分布,是全面不分离的。

Optimization of the Method to Obtain Effective Sterile Explants in Tissue Culture of Ardisia mamillata Hance

In the present study, we optimized the procedures to pretreat the parental material, to collect, sterilize and inoculate the explants in the tissue culture of Ar- disia mamillata Hance, so that more effective sterile explants can be obtained. The results revealed the optimal procedures. In detail, the parental materials were trans- ferred and pretreated in laboratory in February. The stem tips of new branches were collected in middle March, cleaned with eradicator and then rinsed with tap water for 1-2 h. After that, the explants were surface sterilized with 70% alcohol for 30 s, rinsed with sterile water 2-3 times, sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 4 min, rinsed with sterile water three times and sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chlo- ride for 4 min again. Finally, they were inoculated into medium after being rinsed with sterile water 5-8 times. By this method, the pollution rate of explants can be greatly reduced while their survival rate can be significantly improved.

Advance of New Researches on Tissue Culture of Rare and Endangered Plant Elaeagnus mollis

This review summarized the recent research achievements on the process of tissue culture of the rare and endangered plant Elaeagnus mollis,including sterilizing protocols of different explants derived from adult plants and seeds for tube germination,two types of plants regeneration（organ type and organ genesis type）,methods of rooting and transplanting,factors affecting culture,as well as browning and vitrification phenomena and avoiding measures.And the further biotechnology research fields of E.mollis were prospected.

紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula Hance)回归植株存活及叶片生物学特性研究

紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula Hance)是中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,采用原位和异位土壤、异地和增强回归处理,研究了紫背天葵回归的存活情况及其叶片的生态生物学特性。结果表明:增强回归因受啮齿类哺乳动物的取食而失败;异地回归取得成功,异位土壤和原位土壤上回归植株的成活率分别为46.7%和83.3%。原位和异位土壤这两种异地回归植株与野生植株相比,在叶片的形态、解剖及生理特征上都表现出一定的差异性,其光适应能力减弱、抗寒旱能力降低、光合能力降低、光合产物积累减少;异位土壤回归的植株比原位土壤回归的植株相比更差。异地回归紫背天葵叶片花青素含量较低,仅为野生植株含量(2.33μmol·g^(–1))的16.95%。异地回归植株所表现出的上述特征可能受回归点与原生境不同微生境(气候和土壤)的影响,也可能是与组培球茎与野生球茎在表现遗传学上有所差异有关。在开展紫背天葵野外回归实践时,要充分考虑回归地点的微生境、捕食者和病菌对紫背天葵存活的影响、以及药用有效成分的含量。

Effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance alcohol extracts on primary dysmenorrheal

Objective:To study the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A.officinarum) 80% alcohol extract on the primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract were enriched by macroporous adsorption resins.Female mice of primary dysmenorrhea model were established by oxytocin induction; the effects of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract on primary dysmenorrhea were observed by body twist method; and the homogenate level of prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)),prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) and Ca^(2+) in the uterus were observed in oxytocin-induced female mice.Results:The writhing frequency of primary dysmenorrhea mice was significantly decreased after treatment of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract and the level of PGF_(2α),PGE_2 and Ca^(2+) in mice uterus was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01) in groups of mice treated with middle and high dosage of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract compared with that of model group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.Officinarum 80% alcohol extract can significantly relieve primary dysmenorrhea.

A novel diarylheptanoid bearing flavonol moiety from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance

A novel diarylheptanoid bearing flavonol moiety,named officinin A(1),along with two known compounds galangin and kaempferide were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpina officinarum Hance.The structure elucidation was accomplished by HRESI -MS,1D and 2D NMR methods.

Two New Phloroglucinol Glycosides from Lysidice rhodostega Hance

Two new phloroglucinol glycosides, lysidiciside A (1) and lysidiciside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Lysidice rhodostega Hance. Their structures were determined as 1-[(3-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol]-β-D- glucopyranoside (1), 1- [(3-methylbutyryl)phloro- glucinol]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis .

A new homoflavonoid from the seed of Caesalpinia minax Hance

A new homoflavonoid was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax Hance.On the basis of spectral evidences,its structure was established and named as minaxin.

Zn Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution in the Zn Hyperaccumulator Sedurn alfredii Hance

Zn accumulation and subcellular distribution in leaves of the hyperaccumulating ecotype （HE） and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype （NHE） of Sedum alfredii Hance were studied using radiotracer and gradient centrifugation techniques. Leaf Zn accumulation in the HE of S. alfredii was 18.5-26.7 times greater than that in the NHE when the plants were grown at 1-500μmol Zn L-1. Leaf section uptake of 65Zn was highly dependent on external Zn levels. Greater 65Zn uptake in HE was noted only at external Zn levels 〉 100μmol L-1. Zinc subcellular distribution in the leaves of the two ecotypes of S. alfredii was： cell wall 〉 soluble fraction 〉 cell organelle. However, more Zn was distributed to the leaf cell wall and soluble fractions for HE than for NHE. In the leaf of HE, 91%-94% of the Zn was found in the cell walls and the soluble fraction and only 6%-9% Zn was distributed in the cell organelle fraction. For NHE, about 20%-26% Zn was recovered in the cell organelle fraction. In stems, Zn distribution to the ceil wail fraction was approximately two fold greater in the HE than that in the NHE. For the hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii, the cell wall and the vacuole played a very important role in Zn tolerance and hyperaccumulation.

Zinc adsorption and desorption characteristics in root cell wall involving zinc hyperaccumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance

Radiotracer techniques were employed to characterize 65Zn adsorption and desorption in root-cell-wall of hyperac-cumulating ecotype (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) species of Sedum alfredii Hance. The results indicated that at the end of a 30 min short time radioisotope loading period, comparable amounts of 65Zn were accumulated in the roots of the two ecotypes Sedum alfredii, whereas 2.1-fold more 65Zn remains in NHE root after 45-min desorption. At the end of 60 min uptake period, no difference of 65Zn accumulation was observed in undesorbed root-cell-wall of Sedum alfredii. However, 3.0-fold more 65Zn accumulated in desorbed root-cell-wall of NHE. Zn2+ binding in root-cell-wall preparations of NHE was greater than that in HE under high Zn2+ concentration. All these results suggested that root-cell-wall of the two ecotypes Sedum alfredii had the same ability to adsorb Zn2+, whereas the desorption characteristics were different, and with most of 65Zn binding on root of HE being available for loading into the xylem, as a result, more 65Zn was translocated to the shoot.

Integrated Fertilization Regimes Boost Heavy Metals Accumulation and Biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance

The hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance(S.alfredii)may be employed for zinc(Zn)and cadmium(Cd)-polluted soil remediation.However,the low phytoremediation efficiency,related to the low biomass production,limits its use with that purpose.In this experiment,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers,and organic manure were applied to investigate the phytoremediation ability of S.alfredii.Hydroponic and pot experiments were conducted using Zn-Cd polluted soil.The hydroponic experiment indicated that appropriate fertilizer application could increase(p<0.05)the amount of accumulated Zn and Cd in S.alfredii.When N supply ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 mmol L^(−1),it could improve growth and accumulation of Zn and Cd in whole plants of S.alfredii.The 1 mmol L^(−1) N was an optimal N dosage for shoot biomass production and Cd accumulation in shoots,while the 2.5 mmol L^(−1) was an optimal N dosage for Zn accumulation in shoots.Both low(<0.05 mmol L^(−1))and high(>0.8 mmol L^(−1))P supply decreased growth,and Zn/Cd accumulation in whole plants of the studied species.The 0.1 mmol L^(−1) P was an optimal dosage for S.alfredii biomass production and Zn/Cd accumulation in shoots.The supply levels within the range from 0.3 to 1 mmol L^(−1) K could significantly improve the biomass production of S.alfredii and its capability to accumulate Zn and Cd in the biomass.The 0.5 mmol L^(−1) K was an optimal dosage for the whole biomass production and Zn accumulation in shoots,while the 1 mmol L^(−1) was an optimal K dosage for Zn accumulation in shoots,which was 17.2%higher than the control.Moreover,the soil pot experiment showed that the combination of organic(fermented manure)and inorganic fertilizers made significant effects on the Zn and Cd-polluted soil remediation by S.alfredii.These effects varied,however,with the application of different proportions of N,P,K and organic matter.The Zn accumulation by S.alfredii reached the highest efficiency ability under the highest fertilizer mixing rate(N:50 mg kg^(−1),P:40 mg kg^(−1),K:100 mg kg^(−1),organic matter:1%).Even more,S.alfredii showed the strongest ability to accumulate Cd with a lower fertilizer mixing rate(N:25mg kg^(−1),P:20mg kg^(−1),K:50 mg kg^(−1),organic matter:0.5%).