Biofouling is an important factor that affects bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitor...Biofouling is an important factor that affects bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cultured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53 / Lh ±1.416 / Lh in April, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, Le., 4.23 / Lh±2.744 / Lh. The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April was 5.52 / Lh± 0.818 / Lh; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49 / Lh ±0.614 / Lh Fouling increased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81/Lh ±7.699 / Lh in April, while cleaned scallops released 2.46 / Lh ±0.511 / Lh ammonia. Phosphate uptake of fouled scallops was 2.01± 0.699 / Lh and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01 / Lh ＋ 0.876 / Lh in April. There was not significant difference in nitrate consumption between fouled and cleaned scallops. According to the phytoplankton classification of input and output water samples, fouled scallops filtered more phytoplankton species than cleaned scallops. Therefore, this study showed that fouling contributed much to phytoplankton depletion and concentration increase of ammonia in water.展开更多
In April of 2006, a base population of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis was established by collecting parental breeders from the stocks in Wushi, Zhanjiang. In December of 2006, 200 individuals were randomly sampled ...In April of 2006, a base population of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis was established by collecting parental breeders from the stocks in Wushi, Zhanjiang. In December of 2006, 200 individuals were randomly sampled from the base population and subjected for correlation and path coefficient analysis. It was found that there were statistically significant phenotypic correlations among the traits （P 〈 0.01）. Total weight was significantly and positively correlated with the shell length （r = 0.934 3）, shell height （r = 0.895 9）, shell width （r = 0.899 1 ）, muscle weight （r = 0.882 0） and shell weight （r = 0.937 9）, respectively. Shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight had positive and direct effects on the total weight, with values of 0.397 1, 0.321 9, 0.172 1, 0.089 6 and 0.066 9, respectively. Shell length, shell width and muscle weight had higher direct effects on the total weight than shell height and shell weight. A combined evaluation of correlation, direct effects and indirect effects showed that direct selection for shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight would be effective to improving the total weight. It was concluded that these traits could be regarded as the selection criteria in breeding programs of the species.展开更多
本文通过石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的急性毒性试验,经SPSS的probit分析结果表明,石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50和96 h LC50浓度依次是233.08、147.30、81.67和75.16 mg/L,安全浓度Sc是17.65 mg/L。通...本文通过石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的急性毒性试验,经SPSS的probit分析结果表明,石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50和96 h LC50浓度依次是233.08、147.30、81.67和75.16 mg/L,安全浓度Sc是17.65 mg/L。通过生物富集试验结果显示,华贵栉孔扇贝在120 h内对石油烃的富集效果与浓度和时间成正比。石油烃分散液胁迫下对华贵栉孔扇贝血清中POD、SOD酶活的影响呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特征,并对其肝、鳃组织AKP酶活性具有促进作用。展开更多
The processes of scallop meats can produce a large amount of by-products like scallop skirts,which are rich in nutrients. This work aimed to obtain the information about antioxidant peptides derived from scallop skirt...The processes of scallop meats can produce a large amount of by-products like scallop skirts,which are rich in nutrients. This work aimed to obtain the information about antioxidant peptides derived from scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis. The hydro-lysates obtained by trypsin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity( 75.6%,79.5% and 76.7% using DPPH,hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assays,respectively). The antioxidant peptides( MNAP) were separated and purified using UF membranes,GFC processes and RP-HPLC,and the antioxidant activity of MNAP was identified to be 85.7% using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The peptides( MNAP) were composed of two peptides with their molecular weights2 855.6 Da and 3 007.2 Da using MALDI-TOF-MS,respectively. The results suggested that the scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis could be explored as a source of antioxidant peptides.展开更多
Biofouling is an important factor that affects the bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential compet...Biofouling is an important factor that affects the bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cul- tured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April and June, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53 Lh-1 ± 1.416 Lh-1 and 11.94 Lh-1± 2.497 Lh-1 in April and June, respectively, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, i.e., 4.23 Lh-1 ± 2.744 Lh-1 and 2.57 Lh-1 ± 1.832 Lh-1 respectively. The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April and June was 5.52 Lh-1 ± 0.818 Lh-1 and 3.07 Lh-1 ± 0.971 Lh-1, respectively; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49 Lh-1 ± 0.614 Lh-1 and 2.37 ± 1.214 Lh-1, respectively. Fouling in- creased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81 Lh-1±7.699 Lh-1 and 76.39 Lh-1 ± 9.251 Lh-1 in April and June, while cleaned scallops released 2.46 Lh-1 ± 0.511 Lh-1 and 7.23 Lh-1 ± 1.026 Lh-1 ammonia, respectively. Phos- phate release of fouled scallops was 22.72 Lh-1 ± 9.978 Lh-1 in June and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01 Lh-1 ± 0.876 Lh-1 in April. Therefore, fouling contributed much to food reduction and concentration increase of ammonia and phosphate in water.展开更多
Three kinds offish frame protein hydrolysates （PPH, APH and FPH） were prepared from fish frame of red drum （ Sciaenops ocellatus ） by papain, alkaline proteinase and flavorzyme treatment. The hydrolysates were mai...Three kinds offish frame protein hydrolysates （PPH, APH and FPH） were prepared from fish frame of red drum （ Sciaenops ocellatus ） by papain, alkaline proteinase and flavorzyme treatment. The hydrolysates were mainly composed of peptide （83.5 % -84.6% ） and displayed different molecular weight distribution pattern. The protective effects of hydrolysates on the freeze-induced denaturation of myofibrillar protein （Mf） from bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） mince during storage at -20℃ for 12 weeks were investigated. The hydrolysate （5 % dried weight/wet weight） reduced the freeze-induced denaturation of Mf as evidenced by the lowered decrease in Ca-ATPase activity and reactive sulfllydryl contents as well as the impeded increase in surface hydrophobicity. Microscopic photographs indicated that the hydrolysates inhibited the growth of ice crystal in fish mince, and then prevented the aggregation of Mf during frozen storage. The protective effects of hydrolysates on freeze-induced denaturation of Mf were influenced by the molecular weight distribution. PPH had strongest cryoprotective ability among three hydrolysates.展开更多
Myosin subfragment-1 was prepared from the myofibrils of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). The myosin subfrag- ment-1 was proved to have the activity of tripolyphosphatase (TPPase) responding to the hydrolysis of s...Myosin subfragment-1 was prepared from the myofibrils of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). The myosin subfrag- ment-1 was proved to have the activity of tripolyphosphatase (TPPase) responding to the hydrolysis of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The optimum temperature and pH for the TPPase of myosin subfragment-1 were 30℃ and pH 5.0, and at pH 8.0 the TPPase also showed a high activity. Mg2+ was necessary to TPPase. The TPPase activity of myosin subfragment-1 was activated by Mg2+ under low concentrations, but was inhibited when the concentration was over 17 mmolL-1. The TPPase activity was also affected by KCl. The optimum concentration of KCl for TPPase was 0.3 molL-1 under the condition of 17 mmolL-1 Mg2+. The TPPase activity was significantly inhibited by EDTA-Na2. Reagents such as KBr, KI and KIO3 could inhibit the TPPase effectively. K2Cr2O7 as well as KMnO7 and KNO3 exhibited weak inhibiting effects. The TPPase converted STPP to pyrophosphate (PP) and orthophosphate (Pi) stoichiometrically with a KM of 3.2 mmolL-1.展开更多
基金supported by National Science Foundation of Huaihai Institute of Technology (No. KQ07102)Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, SCSIO, CAS (No. KK09001)
文摘Biofouling is an important factor that affects bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cultured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53 / Lh ±1.416 / Lh in April, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, Le., 4.23 / Lh±2.744 / Lh. The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April was 5.52 / Lh± 0.818 / Lh; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49 / Lh ±0.614 / Lh Fouling increased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81/Lh ±7.699 / Lh in April, while cleaned scallops released 2.46 / Lh ±0.511 / Lh ammonia. Phosphate uptake of fouled scallops was 2.01± 0.699 / Lh and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01 / Lh ＋ 0.876 / Lh in April. There was not significant difference in nitrate consumption between fouled and cleaned scallops. According to the phytoplankton classification of input and output water samples, fouled scallops filtered more phytoplankton species than cleaned scallops. Therefore, this study showed that fouling contributed much to phytoplankton depletion and concentration increase of ammonia in water.
文摘In April of 2006, a base population of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis was established by collecting parental breeders from the stocks in Wushi, Zhanjiang. In December of 2006, 200 individuals were randomly sampled from the base population and subjected for correlation and path coefficient analysis. It was found that there were statistically significant phenotypic correlations among the traits （P 〈 0.01）. Total weight was significantly and positively correlated with the shell length （r = 0.934 3）, shell height （r = 0.895 9）, shell width （r = 0.899 1 ）, muscle weight （r = 0.882 0） and shell weight （r = 0.937 9）, respectively. Shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight had positive and direct effects on the total weight, with values of 0.397 1, 0.321 9, 0.172 1, 0.089 6 and 0.066 9, respectively. Shell length, shell width and muscle weight had higher direct effects on the total weight than shell height and shell weight. A combined evaluation of correlation, direct effects and indirect effects showed that direct selection for shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight would be effective to improving the total weight. It was concluded that these traits could be regarded as the selection criteria in breeding programs of the species.
基金Guangxi Scientific and Techonological Plan Research Foundation (No. 1010006-5)Scientific and Technological Development Research Foundation from Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.201036)
文摘本文通过石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的急性毒性试验,经SPSS的probit分析结果表明,石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50和96 h LC50浓度依次是233.08、147.30、81.67和75.16 mg/L,安全浓度Sc是17.65 mg/L。通过生物富集试验结果显示,华贵栉孔扇贝在120 h内对石油烃的富集效果与浓度和时间成正比。石油烃分散液胁迫下对华贵栉孔扇贝血清中POD、SOD酶活的影响呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特征,并对其肝、鳃组织AKP酶活性具有促进作用。
基金Sponsored by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program During the 12th Five-year Plan Period(Grant No.2015BAD17B03)Subject Construction Fund Guided by HIT(Grant No.WH20150206,WH20160206)Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(Grant No.2015GSF115016)
文摘The processes of scallop meats can produce a large amount of by-products like scallop skirts,which are rich in nutrients. This work aimed to obtain the information about antioxidant peptides derived from scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis. The hydro-lysates obtained by trypsin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity( 75.6%,79.5% and 76.7% using DPPH,hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assays,respectively). The antioxidant peptides( MNAP) were separated and purified using UF membranes,GFC processes and RP-HPLC,and the antioxidant activity of MNAP was identified to be 85.7% using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The peptides( MNAP) were composed of two peptides with their molecular weights2 855.6 Da and 3 007.2 Da using MALDI-TOF-MS,respectively. The results suggested that the scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis could be explored as a source of antioxidant peptides.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of Huaihai Institute of Technology(No.KQ07102)National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30670401 and 40576052).
文摘Biofouling is an important factor that affects the bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cul- tured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April and June, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53 Lh-1 ± 1.416 Lh-1 and 11.94 Lh-1± 2.497 Lh-1 in April and June, respectively, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, i.e., 4.23 Lh-1 ± 2.744 Lh-1 and 2.57 Lh-1 ± 1.832 Lh-1 respectively. The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April and June was 5.52 Lh-1 ± 0.818 Lh-1 and 3.07 Lh-1 ± 0.971 Lh-1, respectively; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49 Lh-1 ± 0.614 Lh-1 and 2.37 ± 1.214 Lh-1, respectively. Fouling in- creased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81 Lh-1±7.699 Lh-1 and 76.39 Lh-1 ± 9.251 Lh-1 in April and June, while cleaned scallops released 2.46 Lh-1 ± 0.511 Lh-1 and 7.23 Lh-1 ± 1.026 Lh-1 ammonia, respectively. Phos- phate release of fouled scallops was 22.72 Lh-1 ± 9.978 Lh-1 in June and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01 Lh-1 ± 0.876 Lh-1 in April. Therefore, fouling contributed much to food reduction and concentration increase of ammonia and phosphate in water.
文摘Three kinds offish frame protein hydrolysates （PPH, APH and FPH） were prepared from fish frame of red drum （ Sciaenops ocellatus ） by papain, alkaline proteinase and flavorzyme treatment. The hydrolysates were mainly composed of peptide （83.5 % -84.6% ） and displayed different molecular weight distribution pattern. The protective effects of hydrolysates on the freeze-induced denaturation of myofibrillar protein （Mf） from bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） mince during storage at -20℃ for 12 weeks were investigated. The hydrolysate （5 % dried weight/wet weight） reduced the freeze-induced denaturation of Mf as evidenced by the lowered decrease in Ca-ATPase activity and reactive sulfllydryl contents as well as the impeded increase in surface hydrophobicity. Microscopic photographs indicated that the hydrolysates inhibited the growth of ice crystal in fish mince, and then prevented the aggregation of Mf during frozen storage. The protective effects of hydrolysates on freeze-induced denaturation of Mf were influenced by the molecular weight distribution. PPH had strongest cryoprotective ability among three hydrolysates.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30671632）supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Project of China （No. 2006AA09Z444）.
文摘Myosin subfragment-1 was prepared from the myofibrils of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). The myosin subfrag- ment-1 was proved to have the activity of tripolyphosphatase (TPPase) responding to the hydrolysis of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The optimum temperature and pH for the TPPase of myosin subfragment-1 were 30℃ and pH 5.0, and at pH 8.0 the TPPase also showed a high activity. Mg2+ was necessary to TPPase. The TPPase activity of myosin subfragment-1 was activated by Mg2+ under low concentrations, but was inhibited when the concentration was over 17 mmolL-1. The TPPase activity was also affected by KCl. The optimum concentration of KCl for TPPase was 0.3 molL-1 under the condition of 17 mmolL-1 Mg2+. The TPPase activity was significantly inhibited by EDTA-Na2. Reagents such as KBr, KI and KIO3 could inhibit the TPPase effectively. K2Cr2O7 as well as KMnO7 and KNO3 exhibited weak inhibiting effects. The TPPase converted STPP to pyrophosphate (PP) and orthophosphate (Pi) stoichiometrically with a KM of 3.2 mmolL-1.
