[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pratia extract on H22 tumor-bearing mice and the effects on immune organs.[Methods]With the application of H22 liver tumor-bearing mice as a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pratia extract on H22 tumor-bearing mice and the effects on immune organs.[Methods]With the application of H22 liver tumor-bearing mice as an animal model,the animals were divided into such three Pratia extract groups as the high,medium and low dose groups(400,200 and 100 mg/kg)and cyclophosphamide CTX group(20 mg/kg).15 d after the administration,the animals were killed by cervical dislocation,and the tumors,thymuses and spleens were taken and weighed,followed by the calculation of the tumor inhibitory rate and the thymus and spleen index,and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-2(IL-2)levels were determined by ELISA assay.[Results]The inhibitory rates were 54.1,32.6 and 8.2%,respectively,and there were significant differences from the model group(P<0.05);and the spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice was reduced,while the thymus index was improved.The serological results showed that the drug-administrated groups significantly improved the IL-2 levels in the tumor-bearing mice,but had no effects on TNF-α.[Conclusions]Pratia extract has an antitumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice,and show certain dose-effect relationship,and its mechanism may be related to enhancing the immune function in tumor-bearing mice by regulating IL-2.展开更多
Objective:Previous studies have shown that exercise suppresses tumor growth.However,the effects of exercise with different intensities and exercise detraining after tumor-bearing on tumor progression remain unclear.Th...Objective:Previous studies have shown that exercise suppresses tumor growth.However,the effects of exercise with different intensities and exercise detraining after tumor-bearing on tumor progression remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous and disrupted free and exhausted swimming training after tumor-bearing on tumor progression in melanoma B16-F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to free or exhausted swimming exercise training for 4 weeks prior to the injection of melanoma B16-F10 cells.Subsequently,the B16-F10-bearing mice were maintained with training consisting of free or exhausted swimming or without exercise for 2 weeks during the tumor challenge.Results:The tumor weight was increased by 42%and 109%in mice with 4-week exhausted swimming prior to B16-F10 tumor cells inoculation followed by 2-week training cessation compared with the tumor-bearing control(P<.05)and continuous training groups(P<.01).Tumor weights in groups with exercise detraining after tumor cell inoculation tended to be increased,while the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes tended to be decreased compared with the group that maintained exercise intensity.After 6-weeks continuous free or exhausted swimming training,the tumor weight of mice was decreased and the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was increased compared with the tumor-bearing control group.The frequency of natural killer cells in tumors was increased in all exercise training groups of mice.Conclusions:These results suggest that maintaining exercise intensity after tumor-bearing slows tumor growth in mice,possibly because of the enhanced proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes rather than natural killer cell infiltration.However,detraining after tumor-bearing might accelerate tumor progression because of the reduced proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes.展开更多
Objective:To determine the anti-breast cancer activities and the safety oral consumption of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract(DRAE)in BALB/c mice.Methods:In the anti-breast cancer study,female BALB/c mice wer...Objective:To determine the anti-breast cancer activities and the safety oral consumption of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract(DRAE)in BALB/c mice.Methods:In the anti-breast cancer study,female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups(n=12),which were(1)positive control(with breast cancer,untreated),(2)negative control(without breast cancer,untreated)and other three groups of mice with breast cancer treated with 1 000,500 and 250 mg/kg of DRAE,respectively,by oral gavage for 28 days.All mice except from the negative control group were injected into the mammary fat pad with 4T1 cells(1×1054T1 cells/0.1 m L of phosphate buffer solution).DRAE was administered orally on Day 11 after the tumor has developed.Results:The tumor volume of the 1 000 mg/kg of DRAE group reduced significantly compared to the positive control while treatment with 500 mg/kg of DRAE had significantly inhibited metastasis to the heart.In the acute toxicity study,treatment with up to5 000 mg/kg of DRAE was not toxic to the animals,indicating its safety when a large amount of this plant extract was ingested.Based on the sub-acute toxicity study,treatment of the highest dose of DRAE(1 000 mg/kg)had mild liver toxicity indicated by mild focal hemorrhage.Conclusions:DRAE possesses anti-breast cancer properties but at the same time it shows mild toxicity to the liver.The non observable adverse effect dose for DRAE is500 mg/kg.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of evodiamine(EVO)on the expression of hexokinase(HK),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),and pyruvate kinase M(PKM),key enzymes of glycolysis,in the tumor-bearing mice after ...Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of evodiamine(EVO)on the expression of hexokinase(HK),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),and pyruvate kinase M(PKM),key enzymes of glycolysis,in the tumor-bearing mice after modeling mouse colon cancer cells(CT26).Methods:A tumor-bearing mouse model was generated by administering axillary injection of CT26 and intraperitoneally injecting different doses of EVO.The therapeutic effects of EVO on CT26 tumor-bearing mice were evaluated by measuring the thymus and spleen indices,tumor volume,tumor suppression rate,and other related indicators in the tumor tissues of mice in each group after the administration of EVO,in addition,histopathological changes in the tumor tissues of the mice in the groups were studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The expression levels of HK,LDHA,and PKM in the tumor tissues of each group of mice were measured by performing Western blot to investigate the mechanism of EVO treatment in CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Results:EVO inhibited the growth of tumors in CT26-bearing mice and enhanced their splenic and thymic indices.Western blot results showed that EVO reduced the expression levels of HK,LDHA,and PKM proteins in the tumor tissues of CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion:EVO has a therapeutic effect on CT26 tumor-bearing mice,and its mechanism of action may be related to the low expression of key enzymes HK,LDHA and PKM of glycolysis in tumor tissues.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common digestive system cancers with high mortality rates worldwide.The main ingredients in Mu Ji Fang Granules(MJF)are alkaloids,flavonoids,and polysaccharid...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common digestive system cancers with high mortality rates worldwide.The main ingredients in Mu Ji Fang Granules(MJF)are alkaloids,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.MJF has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis,cirrhosis and HCC for more than 30 years.Few previous studies have focused on the mechanism of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.AIM To explore the mechanism of action of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.METHODS The absorbable ingredients of MJF were identified using Molecule Network related to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry,and hub potential anti-HCC targets were screened using network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analysis.Forty male mice were randomly divided into the Blank,Model,and MJF groups(1.8,5.4,and 10.8 g/kg/d)following 7 d of oral administration.Average body weight gain,spleen and thymus indices were calculated,tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin,and Interferon gamma(IFN-γ),Tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),Interleukin-2,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),Fas,and FasL were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.Relevant mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by Real Time Quantitative PCR(RTqPCR)and protein expression of Transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog(SMAD)4 was assessed by Western blotting.The HepG2 cell line was treated with 10 mg/mL,20 mg/mL,30 mg/mL,40 mg/mL of MJF,and another 3 groups were treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor(LY364947)and different doses of MJF.Relevant mRNA expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by RT-qPCR and protein expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2,SMAD4,and SMAD7 was assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS It was shown that MJF improved body weight gain and tumor inhibition rate in H22 tumorbearing mice,protected immune organs and liver function,reduced the HCC indicator AFP,affected immunity and apoptosis,and up-regulated the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,by increasing the relative expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2 and SMAD4 and decreasing SMAD7,reducing immune factors TNF-αand IFN-γ,decreasing apoptosis cytokines Fas,FasL and Bcl2/Bax,and inhibiting the effect of LY364947 in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION MJF inhibits HCC by activating the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,and affecting immune and apoptotic cytokines,which may be due to MJF adjusting immune escape and apoptosis.展开更多
Purpose: Magnetic targeting refers to the attachment of therapeutic agents to magnetizable particles such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and then applying magnetic fields to concentrate them to the targeted region s...Purpose: Magnetic targeting refers to the attachment of therapeutic agents to magnetizable particles such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and then applying magnetic fields to concentrate them to the targeted region such as solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for monitoring the effect of magnetic targeting using tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: Colon-26 cells (1 × 106 cells) were implanted into the backs of eight-week-old male BALB/c mice. When the tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3, the mice were divided into treated (n = 8) and untreated groups (n = 8). The tumors in the treated group were directly injected with MNPs (Resovist?, 250 mM) and a neodymium magnet was attached to the tumor surface, whereas the magnet was not attached to the tumor in the untreated group. The mice were imaged using our MPI scanner and the average and maximum MPI values were obtained by drawing a region of interest (ROI) on the tumor, with the threshold value for extracting the contour of the tumor being taken as 40% of the maximum MPI value in the ROI. The relative tumor volume growth (RTVG) was calculated from (V ? V0)/V0, where V0 and V represented the tumor volume immediately before and after the injection of MNPs, respectively. Results: The average and maximum MPI values in the treated group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group 3 days after the injection of MNPs, suggesting the effectiveness of magnetic targeting. There were no significant differences in RTVG between the two groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that MPI is useful for monitoring the effect of magnetic targeting.展开更多
目的:研究放疗联合周剂量重组人血管内皮抑素(recombinant human endostatin,rh-Endostatin)对肺腺癌A549裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用。方法:40只裸鼠A549细胞移植瘤模型随机分成4组:空白对照组、rh-Endostatin治疗组、放射治疗组和放疗联...目的:研究放疗联合周剂量重组人血管内皮抑素(recombinant human endostatin,rh-Endostatin)对肺腺癌A549裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用。方法:40只裸鼠A549细胞移植瘤模型随机分成4组:空白对照组、rh-Endostatin治疗组、放射治疗组和放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组,观察并绘制肿瘤生长曲线图,计算肿瘤体积抑制率;肿瘤组织行常规HE病理学检查,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中微血管内皮CD31的表达及肿瘤微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的变化;采用免疫组织化学及Western印迹法检测血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达;TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结果:治疗第8天起,放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组的肿瘤体积与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。15 d后,rh-Endostatin治疗组、放射治疗组和放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组小鼠的肿瘤体积的抑制率依次为68.35%、90.78%和106.56%;rh-Endostatin治疗组小鼠的MVD较放射治疗组下降明显(P<0.05);但rh-Endostatin治疗组与对照组、放疗联合rh-Endostati治疗组及放射治疗组相比,VEGF的改变差异均无统计学意义;放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组细胞凋亡明显。结论:放疗联合周剂量rh-Endostatin能抑制肿瘤的生长,较早诱导肿瘤退缩,可能与减少放射治疗后肿瘤血管再生及增加肿瘤细胞和内皮细胞的凋亡相关;各治疗组小鼠均未出现急性不良反应,因此该方法具有短疗程的优势,可用于临床推广。展开更多
In recent decades, accumulating evidence from both animal and clinical studies has suggested that a sufficiently activated immune system may strongly augment various types of cancer treatment, including photodynamic t...In recent decades, accumulating evidence from both animal and clinical studies has suggested that a sufficiently activated immune system may strongly augment various types of cancer treatment, including photodynamic therapy （PDT）. Through the generation of reactive oxygen species, PDT eradicates tumors by triggering localized tumor damage and inducing anti-tumor immunity. As the major component of anti-tumor immunity, the involvement of a cell-mediated immune response in PDT has been well investigated in the past decade, whereas the role of humoral immunity has remained relatively unexplored. In the present investigation, using the photosensitizer BAM-SiPc and the CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse model, it was demonstrated that both cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immune components could be involved in PDT. With a vascular PDT （VPDT） regimen, BAM-SiPc could eradicate the tumors of -70% of tumor-bearing mice and trigger an anti-tumor immune response that could last for more than 1 year. An elevation of Th2 cytokines was detected ex vivoafter VPDT, indicating the potential involvement of a humoral response. An analysis of serum from the VPDT-cured mice also revealed elevated levels of tumor-specific antibodies. Moreover, this serum could effectively hinder tumor growth and protect the mice against further re-challenge in a T-cell-dependent manner. Taken together, these results show that the humoral components induced after BAM-SiPc-VPDT could assist the development of anti-tumor immunity.展开更多
基金Supported by Youth Fund of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2010GXNSFB013075)
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pratia extract on H22 tumor-bearing mice and the effects on immune organs.[Methods]With the application of H22 liver tumor-bearing mice as an animal model,the animals were divided into such three Pratia extract groups as the high,medium and low dose groups(400,200 and 100 mg/kg)and cyclophosphamide CTX group(20 mg/kg).15 d after the administration,the animals were killed by cervical dislocation,and the tumors,thymuses and spleens were taken and weighed,followed by the calculation of the tumor inhibitory rate and the thymus and spleen index,and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-2(IL-2)levels were determined by ELISA assay.[Results]The inhibitory rates were 54.1,32.6 and 8.2%,respectively,and there were significant differences from the model group(P<0.05);and the spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice was reduced,while the thymus index was improved.The serological results showed that the drug-administrated groups significantly improved the IL-2 levels in the tumor-bearing mice,but had no effects on TNF-α.[Conclusions]Pratia extract has an antitumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice,and show certain dose-effect relationship,and its mechanism may be related to enhancing the immune function in tumor-bearing mice by regulating IL-2.
基金The authors are grateful to Dr.Qing Wang(University of Kentucky,USA)for her critical reading of the manuscript.
文摘Objective:Previous studies have shown that exercise suppresses tumor growth.However,the effects of exercise with different intensities and exercise detraining after tumor-bearing on tumor progression remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous and disrupted free and exhausted swimming training after tumor-bearing on tumor progression in melanoma B16-F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to free or exhausted swimming exercise training for 4 weeks prior to the injection of melanoma B16-F10 cells.Subsequently,the B16-F10-bearing mice were maintained with training consisting of free or exhausted swimming or without exercise for 2 weeks during the tumor challenge.Results:The tumor weight was increased by 42%and 109%in mice with 4-week exhausted swimming prior to B16-F10 tumor cells inoculation followed by 2-week training cessation compared with the tumor-bearing control(P<.05)and continuous training groups(P<.01).Tumor weights in groups with exercise detraining after tumor cell inoculation tended to be increased,while the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes tended to be decreased compared with the group that maintained exercise intensity.After 6-weeks continuous free or exhausted swimming training,the tumor weight of mice was decreased and the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was increased compared with the tumor-bearing control group.The frequency of natural killer cells in tumors was increased in all exercise training groups of mice.Conclusions:These results suggest that maintaining exercise intensity after tumor-bearing slows tumor growth in mice,possibly because of the enhanced proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes rather than natural killer cell infiltration.However,detraining after tumor-bearing might accelerate tumor progression because of the reduced proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes.
基金Supported by the Universiti Putra Malaysia with Grant No.9366600
文摘Objective:To determine the anti-breast cancer activities and the safety oral consumption of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract(DRAE)in BALB/c mice.Methods:In the anti-breast cancer study,female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups(n=12),which were(1)positive control(with breast cancer,untreated),(2)negative control(without breast cancer,untreated)and other three groups of mice with breast cancer treated with 1 000,500 and 250 mg/kg of DRAE,respectively,by oral gavage for 28 days.All mice except from the negative control group were injected into the mammary fat pad with 4T1 cells(1×1054T1 cells/0.1 m L of phosphate buffer solution).DRAE was administered orally on Day 11 after the tumor has developed.Results:The tumor volume of the 1 000 mg/kg of DRAE group reduced significantly compared to the positive control while treatment with 500 mg/kg of DRAE had significantly inhibited metastasis to the heart.In the acute toxicity study,treatment with up to5 000 mg/kg of DRAE was not toxic to the animals,indicating its safety when a large amount of this plant extract was ingested.Based on the sub-acute toxicity study,treatment of the highest dose of DRAE(1 000 mg/kg)had mild liver toxicity indicated by mild focal hemorrhage.Conclusions:DRAE possesses anti-breast cancer properties but at the same time it shows mild toxicity to the liver.The non observable adverse effect dose for DRAE is500 mg/kg.
基金the Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University,the Fuzhou Science and Technology planning project(2020-WS-123).
文摘Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of evodiamine(EVO)on the expression of hexokinase(HK),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),and pyruvate kinase M(PKM),key enzymes of glycolysis,in the tumor-bearing mice after modeling mouse colon cancer cells(CT26).Methods:A tumor-bearing mouse model was generated by administering axillary injection of CT26 and intraperitoneally injecting different doses of EVO.The therapeutic effects of EVO on CT26 tumor-bearing mice were evaluated by measuring the thymus and spleen indices,tumor volume,tumor suppression rate,and other related indicators in the tumor tissues of mice in each group after the administration of EVO,in addition,histopathological changes in the tumor tissues of the mice in the groups were studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The expression levels of HK,LDHA,and PKM in the tumor tissues of each group of mice were measured by performing Western blot to investigate the mechanism of EVO treatment in CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Results:EVO inhibited the growth of tumors in CT26-bearing mice and enhanced their splenic and thymic indices.Western blot results showed that EVO reduced the expression levels of HK,LDHA,and PKM proteins in the tumor tissues of CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion:EVO has a therapeutic effect on CT26 tumor-bearing mice,and its mechanism of action may be related to the low expression of key enzymes HK,LDHA and PKM of glycolysis in tumor tissues.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874342Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2020-MZLH-35.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common digestive system cancers with high mortality rates worldwide.The main ingredients in Mu Ji Fang Granules(MJF)are alkaloids,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.MJF has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis,cirrhosis and HCC for more than 30 years.Few previous studies have focused on the mechanism of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.AIM To explore the mechanism of action of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.METHODS The absorbable ingredients of MJF were identified using Molecule Network related to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry,and hub potential anti-HCC targets were screened using network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analysis.Forty male mice were randomly divided into the Blank,Model,and MJF groups(1.8,5.4,and 10.8 g/kg/d)following 7 d of oral administration.Average body weight gain,spleen and thymus indices were calculated,tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin,and Interferon gamma(IFN-γ),Tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),Interleukin-2,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),Fas,and FasL were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.Relevant mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by Real Time Quantitative PCR(RTqPCR)and protein expression of Transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog(SMAD)4 was assessed by Western blotting.The HepG2 cell line was treated with 10 mg/mL,20 mg/mL,30 mg/mL,40 mg/mL of MJF,and another 3 groups were treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor(LY364947)and different doses of MJF.Relevant mRNA expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by RT-qPCR and protein expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2,SMAD4,and SMAD7 was assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS It was shown that MJF improved body weight gain and tumor inhibition rate in H22 tumorbearing mice,protected immune organs and liver function,reduced the HCC indicator AFP,affected immunity and apoptosis,and up-regulated the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,by increasing the relative expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2 and SMAD4 and decreasing SMAD7,reducing immune factors TNF-αand IFN-γ,decreasing apoptosis cytokines Fas,FasL and Bcl2/Bax,and inhibiting the effect of LY364947 in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION MJF inhibits HCC by activating the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,and affecting immune and apoptotic cytokines,which may be due to MJF adjusting immune escape and apoptosis.
文摘Purpose: Magnetic targeting refers to the attachment of therapeutic agents to magnetizable particles such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and then applying magnetic fields to concentrate them to the targeted region such as solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for monitoring the effect of magnetic targeting using tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: Colon-26 cells (1 × 106 cells) were implanted into the backs of eight-week-old male BALB/c mice. When the tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3, the mice were divided into treated (n = 8) and untreated groups (n = 8). The tumors in the treated group were directly injected with MNPs (Resovist?, 250 mM) and a neodymium magnet was attached to the tumor surface, whereas the magnet was not attached to the tumor in the untreated group. The mice were imaged using our MPI scanner and the average and maximum MPI values were obtained by drawing a region of interest (ROI) on the tumor, with the threshold value for extracting the contour of the tumor being taken as 40% of the maximum MPI value in the ROI. The relative tumor volume growth (RTVG) was calculated from (V ? V0)/V0, where V0 and V represented the tumor volume immediately before and after the injection of MNPs, respectively. Results: The average and maximum MPI values in the treated group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group 3 days after the injection of MNPs, suggesting the effectiveness of magnetic targeting. There were no significant differences in RTVG between the two groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that MPI is useful for monitoring the effect of magnetic targeting.
文摘In recent decades, accumulating evidence from both animal and clinical studies has suggested that a sufficiently activated immune system may strongly augment various types of cancer treatment, including photodynamic therapy （PDT）. Through the generation of reactive oxygen species, PDT eradicates tumors by triggering localized tumor damage and inducing anti-tumor immunity. As the major component of anti-tumor immunity, the involvement of a cell-mediated immune response in PDT has been well investigated in the past decade, whereas the role of humoral immunity has remained relatively unexplored. In the present investigation, using the photosensitizer BAM-SiPc and the CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse model, it was demonstrated that both cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immune components could be involved in PDT. With a vascular PDT （VPDT） regimen, BAM-SiPc could eradicate the tumors of -70% of tumor-bearing mice and trigger an anti-tumor immune response that could last for more than 1 year. An elevation of Th2 cytokines was detected ex vivoafter VPDT, indicating the potential involvement of a humoral response. An analysis of serum from the VPDT-cured mice also revealed elevated levels of tumor-specific antibodies. Moreover, this serum could effectively hinder tumor growth and protect the mice against further re-challenge in a T-cell-dependent manner. Taken together, these results show that the humoral components induced after BAM-SiPc-VPDT could assist the development of anti-tumor immunity.
