With the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major reason causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the world. However, curre...With the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major reason causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the world. However, current treating strategy is aiming at blood glucose controlling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) restricting which can’t effectively preventing the development of DKD. Recent research indicating that low level of inflammatory and activation of immune system play a significant role in occurrence and progression of DKD. Understanding of inflammatory cascade and its mechanism is conducive to discern novel target of DKD and contributing to design new treating strategy based on anti-inflammatory. For the past few years, an increasing number of evidences proved that Tradit Chin Med (TCM) could delay the progression of ESRD on the basis of inflammatory. In this review, we overview the protective effect against DKD-based renal injury of TCM monomer, offering novel ideas in drug discovery and in mechanism-related research.sd.展开更多
This manuscript presents a dataset detailing a method for purifying monomers. Purification plays a crucial role in every chemical process, as it leads to an improvement in product quality through the removal of impuri...This manuscript presents a dataset detailing a method for purifying monomers. Purification plays a crucial role in every chemical process, as it leads to an improvement in product quality through the removal of impurities. The primary method for monomer purification, like acrylonitrile (AN), is the distillation technique. However, this technique is unsafe and hard to set up or handle. A straightforward, risk-free, low-cost method like the column technique resolves these issues. A simple column technique demonstrated the successful execution of purifying AN. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that AN was successfully purified, with purity reaching 99.8%. FTIR spectra revealed changes in the position and intensity of the stretching vibration peaks after purification. Also, the functional groups of the inhibitor monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MeHQ) were undetected after purification. Furthermore, after purification, NMR spectra revealed the absence of aromatic protons and carbons associated with MeHQ. In conclusion, the column technique is a successful and inexpensive way to purify AN monomers. This makes it useful for a wide range of applications, especially in polymerization reactions where MeHQ needs to be removed to prevent self-polymerization during the initiation process.展开更多
One of our previous studies showed that Yizhijiannao Granule,a compound Chinese medicine, effectively improved the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.In the present study,we established a model of Alzheimer’s ...One of our previous studies showed that Yizhijiannao Granule,a compound Chinese medicine, effectively improved the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.In the present study,we established a model of Alzheimer’s disease using beta-amyloid(25-35)in PC12 cells,and treated the cells with Yizhijiannao Granule and its four monomers,i.e.,icariin,catechin,Panax notoginseng saponins,and eleutheroside E.Flow cytometry showed that Yizhijiannao Granule-containing serum, icariin,Panax notoginseng saponins,and icariin+Panax notoginseng saponins were protective against beta-amyloid(25-35)-induced injury in PC12 cells.Icariin in combination with Panax notoginseng saponins significantly inhibited early apoptosis of PC12 cells with beta-amyloid (25-35)-induced injury compared to icariin or Panax notoginseng saponins alone.The effects of icariin+Panax notoginseng saponins were similar to the effects of Yizhijiannao Granule.The findings indicate that two of the effective monomers of Yizhijiannao Granule,icariin and Panax notoginseng saponins,can synergistically inhibit early apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by beta-amyloid(25-35).展开更多
A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The su...A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The surface property of the copolymer films was subsequently characterized. The contact angle measurements and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) show that the length and content of perfluoroalkyl side chains in the copolymers are crucial for the preparation of the film with low surface energy. At a given content of fluorinated monomers in the copolymers, the longer the perfluoroalkyl side chain, the larger the water contact angle of the copolymer films will be. On the other hand, the higher the content of fluorinated monomers, the lower the surface energy is. The water contact angle increases with the increase of the fluorinated monomer content and reaches a plateau at 3 wt% of fluorinated monomer content.展开更多
Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepare...Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with acryloyl chloride at –20ºC, in presence of triethylamine allowed the synthesis of the corresponding amides. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet- visible (UV-Vis) measurements confirmed the success of the synthesis with a yield over 90%. These compounds emerged as potentially attractive monomers since they can be used to obtain stimuli-sensitive polymeric materials, due to the presence of amide and pyridine groups.展开更多
After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the sup...After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the support of Bigger Data approaches, and a fairly large number of articles, more than 250 and 10,000 patents, the following. It covers an overview of biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers, biooligomers and biopolymers;these are produced today in a way that allows reducing the fossil resources depletion and dependency, and obtaining environmentally-friendlier goods in a leaner energy consuming society. A process with a realistic productivity is underlined thanks to the implementation of recent and specifically effective processes where engineered microorganisms are capable to convert natural non-fossil goods, at industrial scale, into fuels and useful high-value chemicals in good yield. Those processes, further detailed, integrate: metabolic engineering involving 1) system biology, 2) synthetic biology and 3) evolutionary engineering. They enable acceptable production yield and productivity, meet the targeted chemical profiles, minimize the consumption of inputs, reduce the production of by-products and further diminish the overall operation costs. As generally admitted the properties of most natural occurring biopolymers (e.g., starch, poly (lactic acid), PHAs.) are often inferior to those of the polymers derived from petroleum;blends and composites, exhibiting improved properties, are now successfully produced. Specific attention is paid to these aspects. Then further evidence is provided to support the important potential and role of products deriving from the biomass in general. The need to enter into the era of Bigger Data, to grow and increase the awareness and multidimensional role and opportunity of biosourcing serves as a conclusion and future prospects. Although providing a large reference database, this review is largely initiatory, therefore not mimicking previous classic reviews but putting them in a multiplying synergistic prospective.展开更多
A procedure was developed for the determination of residual monomers in polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCs) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Four kinds of residual monomers wer...A procedure was developed for the determination of residual monomers in polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCs) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Four kinds of residual monomers were well separated and determined on a SinoChrom ODS-BP (C18) column with mobile phases composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution.The monomers were detected by UV detector at 205 nm and quantitatively analyzed with an external standard method.For those residual monomers,the linear response ranged from 4.0×10-6 mol·L-1 to 2.0×10-3 mol·L-1.The determination limit of acrylic acid,sodium methylallyl sulfonate and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid was 0.02×10-5 mol·L-1,while that of methoxy-polyethylene glycol monoacrylate was 0.1×10-5 mol·L-1.The relative standard deviation (RSD) of high concentration samples was less than 1%,while that of the low concentration samples was between 1%-4%.The standard (additional) recovery ratio was 97.4% -104.2%.展开更多
In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then obser...In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).展开更多
BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,tr...BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs.Therefore,screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AIM To screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the level of RRM2 gene expression in normal and tumor tissues as well as RRM2's effect on the overall survival rate of tumor patients.TCM monomers that potentially act on RRM2 were screened via literature mining.Using AutoDock software,the screened monomers were docked with the RRM2 protein.RESULTS The expression of RRM2 mRNA in multiple tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and it was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with the majority of tumor types.Through literature mining,we discovered that berberine,ursolic acid,gambogic acid,cinobufagin,quercetin,daphnetin,and osalmide have inhibitory effects on RRM2.The results of molecular docking identified that the above TCM monomers have a strong binding capacity with RRM2 protein,which mainly interacted through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force.The main binding sites were Arg330,Tyr323,Ser263,and Met350.CONCLUSION RRM2 is an important tumor therapeutic target.The TCM monomers screened have a good binding capacity with the RRM2 protein.展开更多
Three polymerizable vinyl thiamphenicol esters with different acyl donor carbon chain length (C4, C6, C10) were regioselectivly synthesized by Lipozyme? (immobilized from mucor miehei) in acetone at 50 oC for 12 h t...Three polymerizable vinyl thiamphenicol esters with different acyl donor carbon chain length (C4, C6, C10) were regioselectivly synthesized by Lipozyme? (immobilized from mucor miehei) in acetone at 50 oC for 12 h to give 73%, 81%, 63% yield, respectively. The products were valuable monomers for preparation of macromolecular antibiotic.展开更多
A neutral nickel(Ⅱ)catalyst D,{[O-(3-cyclohexyl)(5-Cl)C_6H_2-ortho-C(H)=N-2,6-C_6H_3(i-Pr)_2]Ni(Ph_3P)(Ph)}hasbeen synthesized and characterized by IH-NMR,FTIR and elemental analysis.The results indicate that Al(i-Bu...A neutral nickel(Ⅱ)catalyst D,{[O-(3-cyclohexyl)(5-Cl)C_6H_2-ortho-C(H)=N-2,6-C_6H_3(i-Pr)_2]Ni(Ph_3P)(Ph)}hasbeen synthesized and characterized by IH-NMR,FTIR and elemental analysis.The results indicate that Al(i-Bu)_3 is aneffective cocatalyst for the neutral nickel catalyst.With bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)[Ni(COD)_2]or Al(i-Bu)_3 as a co-catalyst,the neutral nickel catalyst D is active for ethylene polymerisation and copolymerisation with polar monomers(tert-butyl 10-undecenoate(BU),methyl 10-undecenoate(MU),allyl alcohol(AA)and 4-penten-1-ol(PO))under mild conditions.The resulting polymers were characterized by (?)H-NMR,FTIR,DSC,and GPC.From the comparative studies,Ni(COD)_2 ismore active than Al(i-Bu)_3 for ethylene homopolymerization,while Al(i-Bu)_3 is more effective than Ni(COD)_2 for ethylenecopolymerisation with polar monomers.The polymerization parameters which affect both the catalytic activity and propertiesof the resulting polyethylene were investigated in detail.Under the conditions of 20 μmol catalyst D and Ni(COD)_2/D=3(molar ratio) in 30 mL toluene solution at 45℃,12×105 Pa ethylene for 20 min,the polymerization activity reaches ashigh as 7.29×105 gPE.(mol.Ni.h)^(-1) and M_η,is 7.16×104 g.mol^(-1).For ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers,theeffect of comonomer concentrations was examined.As high as 0.97 mol% of MU,1.06 mol% of BU,1.04 mol% of AA and1.37 mol% of PO were incorporated into the polymer,respectively,catalyzed by D/Al(i-Bu)_3 system.展开更多
Ten alkoxy yttrium monomers with double bond,Y(OR) 3-n(OCOCH=CHCOOR).(n=1 or 2,R=alkyl),are synthesized.Their molecular structures are determined by analysis of yttrium content,infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic re...Ten alkoxy yttrium monomers with double bond,Y(OR) 3-n(OCOCH=CHCOOR).(n=1 or 2,R=alkyl),are synthesized.Their molecular structures are determined by analysis of yttrium content,infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra展开更多
BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune comp...BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune complex concentration were significantly reduced, and the morphology of the soleus muscle was restored in mice with sciatic nerve injury. These effects of Brazil were dose-dependent. Our experimental findings indicate that Brazil can regulate immune responses after nerve injury and promote sciatic nerve repair.展开更多
The application of polycarboxylic acid as a fluid loss additive for cement(i.e.,a substance specifically designed to lower the volume of filtrate that passes through the cement)can prolong the thickening time of cemen...The application of polycarboxylic acid as a fluid loss additive for cement(i.e.,a substance specifically designed to lower the volume of filtrate that passes through the cement)can prolong the thickening time of cement slurries.Given the lack of data about the effects of carboxylic acid monomers as possible components for the additives traditionally used for oil-well cement,in this study different cases are experimentally investigated considering different types of these substances,concentrations,temperatures,and magnesium ion contamination.The results demonstrate that itaconic acid has a strong retarding side effect,while maleic and acrylic acids have similar influences on the thickening time of the cement slurry.The rheological properties of the cement slurry tend to deteriorate when the carboxylic acid monomer content in the fluid loss additive is increased to 40%.If the temperature exceeds 80°C,there is a significant decrease in the related impact on the thickening duration.With an increase in the intrusion of magnesium ions to>0.5%,both the rheological properties of the cement slurry and the thickening time are affected in a negative way.展开更多
Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticit...Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.展开更多
This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. (TSRP) on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and repe...This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. (TSRP) on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was performed in rats using the suture method. The results indicate that intragastric injection of TSRP, at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, could decrease neurological impairment, reduce cerebral infarct volume, diminish pathological changes, and significantly inhibit the apoptosis of neurons surrounding the ischemic area. In addition, TSRP upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, at the protein and mRNA levels, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, at the protein and mlRNA levels. These findings indicate that TSRP protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it may do so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.展开更多
The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A gr...The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.展开更多
Polystyrene macromonomers with different molecular weight were prepared by radical polymerization of styrene(St) in benzene using β-methacryloxylethyl 2-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamylacetate (MAEDCA) as a monomer-iniferte...Polystyrene macromonomers with different molecular weight were prepared by radical polymerization of styrene(St) in benzene using β-methacryloxylethyl 2-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamylacetate (MAEDCA) as a monomer-iniferter.Characterization of the macromonomer by ~1H-NMR showed that the end groups were α-methacrylyoxylethyloxycarbonyl-methyl and ω-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl). The macromonomer was difficult to homopolymerize, but it was easilycopolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by AIBN to form graft copolymers (PMMA-g-PSt) with PStbranches randomly distributed along the PMMA backbone. Copolymerization reaction and the structure of the graft copolymers were strongly affected by M_n and concentration of the macromonomer. The composition and M_n of the purified graft copolymer were determined by ~1H-NMR and GPC analysis.展开更多
In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) ...In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) heterodimer rather than its monomers. This newly-identified DNA aptamer, representing as the first molecular probe reported capable of recognizing a protein dimer, could serve as an important tool to uncover the mystery of this particular protein dimer in a biological context. This study was published in Advanced Science on April 9.展开更多
The incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China are increasing year by year.Finding effective therapeutic strategies and interventions,especially exploring“highly effective and low toxic”drugs to...The incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China are increasing year by year.Finding effective therapeutic strategies and interventions,especially exploring“highly effective and low toxic”drugs to prevent“inflammation-cancer”transformation,treat primary tumors,prevent tumor metastasis and reduce the toxicity and increase efficiency of existing therapies has become a hot topic of domestic and foreign scholars.The advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer is to reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,improve patients’symptoms and the quality of life of“tumor survivors”and prolong the survival time.This paper summarizes the tumor treatment strategies and research prospects of traditional Chinese medicine targeting mitogen activated protein kinase by sorting out the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine extracts or effective components intervening colorectal cancer by regulating mitogen activated protein kinase signal pathway in tumor cells in recent years.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060851)Hainan Graduate Innovative Research Project A(No.HyYS2021A03)Hainan Graduate Innovative Research Project Class A(No.HYYS2021A35)。
文摘With the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major reason causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the world. However, current treating strategy is aiming at blood glucose controlling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) restricting which can’t effectively preventing the development of DKD. Recent research indicating that low level of inflammatory and activation of immune system play a significant role in occurrence and progression of DKD. Understanding of inflammatory cascade and its mechanism is conducive to discern novel target of DKD and contributing to design new treating strategy based on anti-inflammatory. For the past few years, an increasing number of evidences proved that Tradit Chin Med (TCM) could delay the progression of ESRD on the basis of inflammatory. In this review, we overview the protective effect against DKD-based renal injury of TCM monomer, offering novel ideas in drug discovery and in mechanism-related research.sd.
文摘This manuscript presents a dataset detailing a method for purifying monomers. Purification plays a crucial role in every chemical process, as it leads to an improvement in product quality through the removal of impurities. The primary method for monomer purification, like acrylonitrile (AN), is the distillation technique. However, this technique is unsafe and hard to set up or handle. A straightforward, risk-free, low-cost method like the column technique resolves these issues. A simple column technique demonstrated the successful execution of purifying AN. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that AN was successfully purified, with purity reaching 99.8%. FTIR spectra revealed changes in the position and intensity of the stretching vibration peaks after purification. Also, the functional groups of the inhibitor monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MeHQ) were undetected after purification. Furthermore, after purification, NMR spectra revealed the absence of aromatic protons and carbons associated with MeHQ. In conclusion, the column technique is a successful and inexpensive way to purify AN monomers. This makes it useful for a wide range of applications, especially in polymerization reactions where MeHQ needs to be removed to prevent self-polymerization during the initiation process.
文摘One of our previous studies showed that Yizhijiannao Granule,a compound Chinese medicine, effectively improved the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.In the present study,we established a model of Alzheimer’s disease using beta-amyloid(25-35)in PC12 cells,and treated the cells with Yizhijiannao Granule and its four monomers,i.e.,icariin,catechin,Panax notoginseng saponins,and eleutheroside E.Flow cytometry showed that Yizhijiannao Granule-containing serum, icariin,Panax notoginseng saponins,and icariin+Panax notoginseng saponins were protective against beta-amyloid(25-35)-induced injury in PC12 cells.Icariin in combination with Panax notoginseng saponins significantly inhibited early apoptosis of PC12 cells with beta-amyloid (25-35)-induced injury compared to icariin or Panax notoginseng saponins alone.The effects of icariin+Panax notoginseng saponins were similar to the effects of Yizhijiannao Granule.The findings indicate that two of the effective monomers of Yizhijiannao Granule,icariin and Panax notoginseng saponins,can synergistically inhibit early apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by beta-amyloid(25-35).
基金This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50273008)Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
文摘A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The surface property of the copolymer films was subsequently characterized. The contact angle measurements and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) show that the length and content of perfluoroalkyl side chains in the copolymers are crucial for the preparation of the film with low surface energy. At a given content of fluorinated monomers in the copolymers, the longer the perfluoroalkyl side chain, the larger the water contact angle of the copolymer films will be. On the other hand, the higher the content of fluorinated monomers, the lower the surface energy is. The water contact angle increases with the increase of the fluorinated monomer content and reaches a plateau at 3 wt% of fluorinated monomer content.
文摘Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with acryloyl chloride at –20ºC, in presence of triethylamine allowed the synthesis of the corresponding amides. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet- visible (UV-Vis) measurements confirmed the success of the synthesis with a yield over 90%. These compounds emerged as potentially attractive monomers since they can be used to obtain stimuli-sensitive polymeric materials, due to the presence of amide and pyridine groups.
文摘After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the support of Bigger Data approaches, and a fairly large number of articles, more than 250 and 10,000 patents, the following. It covers an overview of biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers, biooligomers and biopolymers;these are produced today in a way that allows reducing the fossil resources depletion and dependency, and obtaining environmentally-friendlier goods in a leaner energy consuming society. A process with a realistic productivity is underlined thanks to the implementation of recent and specifically effective processes where engineered microorganisms are capable to convert natural non-fossil goods, at industrial scale, into fuels and useful high-value chemicals in good yield. Those processes, further detailed, integrate: metabolic engineering involving 1) system biology, 2) synthetic biology and 3) evolutionary engineering. They enable acceptable production yield and productivity, meet the targeted chemical profiles, minimize the consumption of inputs, reduce the production of by-products and further diminish the overall operation costs. As generally admitted the properties of most natural occurring biopolymers (e.g., starch, poly (lactic acid), PHAs.) are often inferior to those of the polymers derived from petroleum;blends and composites, exhibiting improved properties, are now successfully produced. Specific attention is paid to these aspects. Then further evidence is provided to support the important potential and role of products deriving from the biomass in general. The need to enter into the era of Bigger Data, to grow and increase the awareness and multidimensional role and opportunity of biosourcing serves as a conclusion and future prospects. Although providing a large reference database, this review is largely initiatory, therefore not mimicking previous classic reviews but putting them in a multiplying synergistic prospective.
基金Funded by the Western Region Traffic Construction Technology Program of the Ministry of Communications of China(No.2007319811130)
文摘A procedure was developed for the determination of residual monomers in polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCs) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Four kinds of residual monomers were well separated and determined on a SinoChrom ODS-BP (C18) column with mobile phases composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution.The monomers were detected by UV detector at 205 nm and quantitatively analyzed with an external standard method.For those residual monomers,the linear response ranged from 4.0×10-6 mol·L-1 to 2.0×10-3 mol·L-1.The determination limit of acrylic acid,sodium methylallyl sulfonate and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid was 0.02×10-5 mol·L-1,while that of methoxy-polyethylene glycol monoacrylate was 0.1×10-5 mol·L-1.The relative standard deviation (RSD) of high concentration samples was less than 1%,while that of the low concentration samples was between 1%-4%.The standard (additional) recovery ratio was 97.4% -104.2%.
基金Natural Science Foundation of South Central University for Nationalities (YZQ05011)
文摘In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).
基金Supported by Nanchong City School’s Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation,China,No.20SXQT0304Research and Development Project Plan of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,China,No.2020ZD003.
文摘BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs.Therefore,screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AIM To screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the level of RRM2 gene expression in normal and tumor tissues as well as RRM2's effect on the overall survival rate of tumor patients.TCM monomers that potentially act on RRM2 were screened via literature mining.Using AutoDock software,the screened monomers were docked with the RRM2 protein.RESULTS The expression of RRM2 mRNA in multiple tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and it was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with the majority of tumor types.Through literature mining,we discovered that berberine,ursolic acid,gambogic acid,cinobufagin,quercetin,daphnetin,and osalmide have inhibitory effects on RRM2.The results of molecular docking identified that the above TCM monomers have a strong binding capacity with RRM2 protein,which mainly interacted through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force.The main binding sites were Arg330,Tyr323,Ser263,and Met350.CONCLUSION RRM2 is an important tumor therapeutic target.The TCM monomers screened have a good binding capacity with the RRM2 protein.
文摘Three polymerizable vinyl thiamphenicol esters with different acyl donor carbon chain length (C4, C6, C10) were regioselectivly synthesized by Lipozyme? (immobilized from mucor miehei) in acetone at 50 oC for 12 h to give 73%, 81%, 63% yield, respectively. The products were valuable monomers for preparation of macromolecular antibiotic.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC(No.2007402820374043)SINOPEC(X500030).
文摘A neutral nickel(Ⅱ)catalyst D,{[O-(3-cyclohexyl)(5-Cl)C_6H_2-ortho-C(H)=N-2,6-C_6H_3(i-Pr)_2]Ni(Ph_3P)(Ph)}hasbeen synthesized and characterized by IH-NMR,FTIR and elemental analysis.The results indicate that Al(i-Bu)_3 is aneffective cocatalyst for the neutral nickel catalyst.With bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)[Ni(COD)_2]or Al(i-Bu)_3 as a co-catalyst,the neutral nickel catalyst D is active for ethylene polymerisation and copolymerisation with polar monomers(tert-butyl 10-undecenoate(BU),methyl 10-undecenoate(MU),allyl alcohol(AA)and 4-penten-1-ol(PO))under mild conditions.The resulting polymers were characterized by (?)H-NMR,FTIR,DSC,and GPC.From the comparative studies,Ni(COD)_2 ismore active than Al(i-Bu)_3 for ethylene homopolymerization,while Al(i-Bu)_3 is more effective than Ni(COD)_2 for ethylenecopolymerisation with polar monomers.The polymerization parameters which affect both the catalytic activity and propertiesof the resulting polyethylene were investigated in detail.Under the conditions of 20 μmol catalyst D and Ni(COD)_2/D=3(molar ratio) in 30 mL toluene solution at 45℃,12×105 Pa ethylene for 20 min,the polymerization activity reaches ashigh as 7.29×105 gPE.(mol.Ni.h)^(-1) and M_η,is 7.16×104 g.mol^(-1).For ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers,theeffect of comonomer concentrations was examined.As high as 0.97 mol% of MU,1.06 mol% of BU,1.04 mol% of AA and1.37 mol% of PO were incorporated into the polymer,respectively,catalyzed by D/Al(i-Bu)_3 system.
文摘Ten alkoxy yttrium monomers with double bond,Y(OR) 3-n(OCOCH=CHCOOR).(n=1 or 2,R=alkyl),are synthesized.Their molecular structures are determined by analysis of yttrium content,infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
文摘BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune complex concentration were significantly reduced, and the morphology of the soleus muscle was restored in mice with sciatic nerve injury. These effects of Brazil were dose-dependent. Our experimental findings indicate that Brazil can regulate immune responses after nerve injury and promote sciatic nerve repair.
文摘The application of polycarboxylic acid as a fluid loss additive for cement(i.e.,a substance specifically designed to lower the volume of filtrate that passes through the cement)can prolong the thickening time of cement slurries.Given the lack of data about the effects of carboxylic acid monomers as possible components for the additives traditionally used for oil-well cement,in this study different cases are experimentally investigated considering different types of these substances,concentrations,temperatures,and magnesium ion contamination.The results demonstrate that itaconic acid has a strong retarding side effect,while maleic and acrylic acids have similar influences on the thickening time of the cement slurry.The rheological properties of the cement slurry tend to deteriorate when the carboxylic acid monomer content in the fluid loss additive is increased to 40%.If the temperature exceeds 80°C,there is a significant decrease in the related impact on the thickening duration.With an increase in the intrusion of magnesium ions to>0.5%,both the rheological properties of the cement slurry and the thickening time are affected in a negative way.
文摘Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.
文摘This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. (TSRP) on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was performed in rats using the suture method. The results indicate that intragastric injection of TSRP, at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, could decrease neurological impairment, reduce cerebral infarct volume, diminish pathological changes, and significantly inhibit the apoptosis of neurons surrounding the ischemic area. In addition, TSRP upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, at the protein and mRNA levels, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, at the protein and mlRNA levels. These findings indicate that TSRP protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it may do so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603438 and No.81802568).
文摘The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.
文摘Polystyrene macromonomers with different molecular weight were prepared by radical polymerization of styrene(St) in benzene using β-methacryloxylethyl 2-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamylacetate (MAEDCA) as a monomer-iniferter.Characterization of the macromonomer by ~1H-NMR showed that the end groups were α-methacrylyoxylethyloxycarbonyl-methyl and ω-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl). The macromonomer was difficult to homopolymerize, but it was easilycopolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by AIBN to form graft copolymers (PMMA-g-PSt) with PStbranches randomly distributed along the PMMA backbone. Copolymerization reaction and the structure of the graft copolymers were strongly affected by M_n and concentration of the macromonomer. The composition and M_n of the purified graft copolymer were determined by ~1H-NMR and GPC analysis.
文摘In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) heterodimer rather than its monomers. This newly-identified DNA aptamer, representing as the first molecular probe reported capable of recognizing a protein dimer, could serve as an important tool to uncover the mystery of this particular protein dimer in a biological context. This study was published in Advanced Science on April 9.
基金the Sixth Batch of academic experience inheritance studios of national old traditional Chinese medicine experts of the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine(zyrjf[2017]No.29).
文摘The incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China are increasing year by year.Finding effective therapeutic strategies and interventions,especially exploring“highly effective and low toxic”drugs to prevent“inflammation-cancer”transformation,treat primary tumors,prevent tumor metastasis and reduce the toxicity and increase efficiency of existing therapies has become a hot topic of domestic and foreign scholars.The advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer is to reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,improve patients’symptoms and the quality of life of“tumor survivors”and prolong the survival time.This paper summarizes the tumor treatment strategies and research prospects of traditional Chinese medicine targeting mitogen activated protein kinase by sorting out the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine extracts or effective components intervening colorectal cancer by regulating mitogen activated protein kinase signal pathway in tumor cells in recent years.