Novel Double-Damped Tuned AC Filters in HVDC Systems

This paper presents a performance analysis of novel doubledampedtuned alternating current (AC) filters in high voltage direct current(HVDC) systems. The proposed double-damped tuned AC filters offer theadvantages of improved performance of HVDC systems in terms of betterpower quality, high power factor, and lower total harmonic distortion (THD).The system under analysis consists of an 878 km long HVDC transmissionline connecting converter stations at Matiari and Lahore, two major cities inPakistan. The main focus of this research is to design a novel AC filter usingthe equivalent impedance method of two single-tuned and double-dampedtuned AC filters. Additionally, the impact of the damping resistor on the ACchannel is examined. TheTHDof theHVDCsystem with and without currentAC filters was also compared in this research and a double-damped tuned ACfilter was proposed. The results of the simulation represent that the proposeddouble-damped tuned AC filter is far smaller in size, offers better powerquality, and has a much lower THD compared to the AC filters currently inplace in the converter station. The simulation analysis was carried out utilizingpower systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) software.

Coupling model of AC filter branch in SF6 circuit breaker during the break process

In this paper, a coupling model of the AC filter branch circuit with the arc plasma in the circuit breaker was built to investigate the arcing process considering the harmonic current. The comparisons among the current at power frequency(50 Hz), power frequency combining the 11 th harmonic and power frequency combining the 24 th harmonic show that the high-order harmonic current would lead to higher decreasing rate of current before current-zero period. In addition, the influence of arc on the amplitude of high-order harmonic current is not negligible. Thus, the coupling of arc with AC filter branch circuit is quite necessary in the numerical modeling of the circuit breaker in the AC filter branch at the high voltage direct current converter station.

REALIZATION OF FUZZY-FILTER CONTROL ON A BRUSHLESS AC GENERATOR

The transistor voltage regulators have been widely adopted in the brushless AC generators in aircraft. This paper researches the digital voltage regulator. The paper presents the hardware platform of the digital voltage regulator, which is based on a DSP chip — TMS320C32. A novel fuzzy filter control structure is developed from normal fuzzy control strategy. And the fuzzy filter control algorithm is adopted in the hardware platform successfully. The computer simulation has been conducted. Some control parameters have been obtained through the simulation. The same parameters have been applied in the digital regulation experiments on a brushless AC generator. In the experiment, the digital voltage regulator results in good responses. From the experiment results, it can be seen that the new control algorithm is efficient for the digital voltage regulator.

AC Line Filter Electrochemical Capacitors:Materials,Morphology,and Configuration

Recently,more and more supercapacitors(SCs)have been developed as AC line filter capacitors,which are generally named AC line filter electrochemical capacitors(FECs).Compared to traditional bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs),FECs have higher capacity and lower space occupancy,which makes them a strong competitor.However,different from the common SCs for energy storage,it is necessary to consider the frequency response of the SCs for AC line filtering,where the contradiction between frequency response and specific capacitance is a challenge.The researchers have proposed different solutions from the perspective of materials,morphology,and configuration for this challenge.Based on the above background,in this review,we briefly introduce the principle and parameters of AC line filter electrochemical capacitors.We systematically summarize the state-of-the-art progresses of FECs and discuss their possible application and development in the future.The development of FECs can greatly promote the planarization,integration,and miniaturization of filter capacitors,and provide a new solution for the utilization of green and unstable energy.

Harmonic detection an AC excited generation system based on in-phase correlation filtering

The paper reports results of investigation on the harmonic detection technique of a complicated power supply system such as an AC excited generation system, which has a variable fundamental frequency and low order harmonics with rich sub-harmonics whose frequencies are lower than the fundamental one. The in-phase correlation filtering technique, based on the frequency shifting principle, is proposed in this paper.Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this technique for the harmonic detections of AC excited generation systems.

High-frequency supercapacitors with phosphorus-doped Ketjen black

Compact supercapacitors(SCs)have attracted attention for their great potential to replace bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs)in alternating current(AC)line filtering applications.Herein,the fabrication of a high-frequency SC is reported using Ketjen black(KB)nanoparticles doped with phosphorus(P)to achieve a high areal capacitance of up to 2.26 mF cm^(-2)along with a high-rate capability,with a phase angle of-80.2°at 120 Hz.The high performance of the phosphorus-doped KB(designated PKB)SC with a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte is associated with its increased surface wettability and additional capacitive sites provided by the P-doping.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further indicate that the P-doping enhances the interactions between the electrolyte ions and the carbon surface,thus leading to an improved electrochemical performance.These results suggest that the P-doped carbonbased SC could be highly favored in replacing conventional AECs in various high-frequency electronic devices.

基于MATLAB GUI的交流电路频率特性仿真教学平台设计

为了使学生更加直观地理解交流电路中的频率特性,构建了一种基于MATLAB GUI的交流电路频率特性仿真教学平台。该仿真平台包括RC滤波电路和RLC谐振电路两个模块,其中RC滤波电路能够实现低通滤波、高通滤波和带通滤波电路频率特性的仿真研究,RLC谐振电路能够实现串联谐振和并联谐振电路频率特性的仿真研究。借助该仿真平台,只需手动输入电路元件参数,就能获得各交流电路的幅频和相频特性曲线,最后将源程序封装成.exe文件。该仿真平台操作简单,便于任课教师和学生使用,能够显著地提高课堂教学质量。

Power Factor Improvement of AC-DC Converter Based on Separately Excited DC Motor Using Passive Filter

In industries DC motor drives are very essential due to their high performance applications such as its reliability, ease of control, low cost and simplicity. And speed control of these motors is very easy due to power electronic AC-DC converters. These power electronic converters are with prominent low power factor and higher Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). These converters operate only for short time resulting non-sinusoidal waveform. This problem of harmonic distortion can be mitigated by reshaping the non-sinusoidal waveform to pure sine wave. Different wave shaping techniques have been developed by using different filters among which one is tuned passive filter. This paper proposed power factor improvement and harmonic mitigation of AC-DC converters based on separately excited DC motor using tuned passive filter. In this context experimental model is designed and results are analyzed by power quality analyzer.

直流换流站高通HP3型交流滤波器电抗器匝间故障监测及保护

直流换流站高通HP3型交流滤波器组中电抗器匝间短路故障事故多发,由于缺乏对此故障的快速监测及保护,导致其匝间短路持续存在3~9 min之久并起火燃烧。匝间短路后电抗器的等值电感会不断减小,由此引起了滤波器电路参数变化并进而引发了滤波器配置的热过负荷保护启动告警,长久故障也引发了次生的电抗器底部支撑绝缘子闪络接地致使滤波器差动保护动作出口跳闸。文中分析了3起典型故障案例,结合C型高通HP3型滤波器电路设计理念及运行特点,解释了有关保护启动及动作的原因。基于匝间短路会导致HP3电路中电阻器上的工频电压、电流会随着匝间短路的不断发展而剧烈增大的特性,提出了一种基于工频电压差动原理的故障监测及保护方法。

计及AC-UHVDC系统无功补偿和谐波特性的UHVDC交流滤波器可靠性建模

特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一种计及无功补偿和谐波特性的ACF可靠性模型,用矩阵组合将单一型号滤波器状态空间(state space,SS)合并成ACF所有配置方案的SS模型。由ACUHVDC基波潮流确定ACF需提供无功容量等级,进而将配置方案分组。由谐波潮流计算各配置方案的谐波指标,若谐波电流超标,将配置方案移至容量等级较低分组。根据分组情况,合并配置方案为五状态容量模型。算例表明,配置方案按无功补偿分组后,可能会因不满足滤波指标而被移至0%CL分组,故0%CL状态概率可能比75%CL、50%CL或25%CL状态高。

基于引导滤波分层的宽动态范围红外图像细节增强算法

针对宽动态范围红外图像在视觉效果方面出现的对比度低、细节信息不凸显及整体清晰度较差问题,本文提出了一种基于引导滤波分层的宽动态范围红外图像细节增强算法。该算法采用方差决策加权引导滤波对原图作分层,得到了更接近原图的基础层和更精细的细节层。为提高基础层的对比度,首先改进CLAHE的全局剪切点提升增强效果,然后基于AC视觉显著模型指导全局和改进局部直方图的融合,合理兼顾了图像背景和目标;为有效加强细节信息,基于多尺度加权引导滤波得到了信息更全面的新细节层,接着采用梯度域导向滤波对其消噪,再由Sigmoid函数压缩强边缘并突显细微目标,最后将两层信息融合并输出。实验结果表明,该算法在主观视觉和定量指标上均强于对比算法,且自适应强,鲁棒性好。

换流站交流滤波器过负荷保护误动作机理及防误动策略

换流站是耦合交直流系统的关联区域,站内设备众多、运行环境复杂。交流滤波器配置的保护虽然较为齐全,但在各类异常扰动情况下,电气量特殊的暂态特征仍会引发过负荷等保护的误动作。通过分析典型过负荷和励磁涌流工况下交流滤波器电阻支路电流波形的特点,揭示涌流引起交流滤波器过负荷保护误动作的机理。从波形相似度角度考虑,结合斯皮尔曼等级相关系数,提出了基于斯皮尔曼等级相关系数的交流滤波器过负荷保护辅助判据,并利用仿真试验验证该判据识别励磁涌流工况扰动的有效性,以防止保护误动的发生,提高保护的可靠性。

Edge-Oriented Graphene on Carbon Nanofiber for High-Frequency Supercapacitors

High-frequency supercapacitors are being studied with the aim to replace the bulky electrolytic capacitors for current ripple filtering and other functions used in power systems. Here, 3 D edge-oriented graphene(EOG)was grown encircling carbon nanofiber(CNF) framework to form a highly conductive electrode with a large surface area. Such EOG/CNF electrodes were tested in aqueous and organic electrolytes for high-frequency supercapacitor development. For the aqueous and the organic cell, the characteristic frequency at-45° phase angle was found to be as high as 22 and 8.5 k Hz, respectively. At 120 Hz, the electrode capacitance density was 0.37 and 0.16 m F cm^(-2) for the two cells. In particular, the 3 V high-frequency organic cell was successfully tested as filtering capacitor used in AC/DC converter, suggesting the promisingpotential of this technology for compact power supply design and other applications.

同步调相机接入高压直流近区谐振风险快速评估方法

为了提高换流站的无功支撑能力,交流滤波器和同步调相机在高压直流近区得到了广泛的应用。然而换流站配置的交流滤波器易与系统背景谐波阻抗交互导致谐波谐振,且现有研究鲜有同步调相机对于系统谐振影响的分析,进一步加剧了换流站谐波谐振的风险。为此本文详细分析了不同容量的交流滤波器和同步调相机与交流侧背景谐波阻抗的交互作用,得出同步调相机有着抑制或加速系统谐波谐振风险的结论。在此研究基础上,提出换流站高压直流近区谐振风险快速评估方法,可为换流站滤波器容量配置方案提供参考。

特高压换流站交流滤波电容器组不平衡保护故障研究

交流滤波器作为特高压直流输电工程关键组成部分,扮演着调节电压、提供无功补偿的角色,其安全稳定运行至关重要。针对某换流站交流滤波器组发生不平衡保护动作,通过介绍该站交流滤波器配置情况,结合故障电流的分布特点,对交流滤波器C1电容器不平衡异常进行了分析。为了提高现场运维人员处理故障效率,提出了一种故障电容器组定位方法,该方法可精确定位双H桥的1/6区域,解决了电容器组不平衡保护的故障定位难题,对特高压换流站可靠运行具有实际参考价值。

±500 kV换流站交流滤波器失谐特性分析

换流阀运行时会产生大量特征谐波,需在换流站交流场配置滤波器解决。该文结合南方电网公司某直流换流站发生的13次谐波失谐保护动作事件,首先分析了失谐保护动作的特性和谐波电流产生的原因;然后探讨了B型交流滤波器失谐保护定值整定问题,提出了针对换流站交流滤波器13次失谐动作特性的改进措施。

混合双馈入直流输电系统的高频振荡特征及机理研究

在混合双馈入直流输电系统中,由于电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)的存在,系统在不同的联络线长度下呈现出不同的高频振荡特征。为研究混合双馈入直流输电系统的高频振荡特征及机理,首先建立系统的状态空间模型,基于此研究系统的高频振荡特征,结果表明,由于LCC子系统的存在,在不同的联络线长度下混合双馈入直流输电系统呈现出不同的高频振荡特征。然后,建立混合双馈入直流系统的高频阻抗模型,研究LCC子系统、联络线长度、模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)控制链路延时、交流线路长度等对系统高频阻抗的影响。结果表明,对于无电气距离的混合双馈入系统,LCC滤波器的存在使其无高频振荡风险;对于有电气距离的混合双馈入系统,当LCC和MMC子系统之间的电气距离较近时,LCC交流滤波器对系统高频振荡的抑制效果随着联络线长度的增大而减弱。最后,提出混合双馈入系统无高频振荡风险的联络线临界长度确定方法,并通过理论分析和电磁暂态仿真进行有效性验证。

改进型虚拟锁相放大技术的电阻率测量系统

本文设计研究了针对强噪声环境下电阻率测量的硬件和软件系统,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的改进型正交锁相放大算法结合恒流交流检测技术的电阻率测量方案。以BMn3-12(锰铜)材料为对象,对改进型正交锁相算法进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明:分别对比0,-10dB和-20dB的结果,传统算法的最大波动系数为27.21%,而改进型算法最大波动系数降低到2.86%,最大相对误差由15.20%降低至2.29%。实验结果表明:传统算法与改进型算法测量结果的最大相对误差分别为16.70%和2.90%,方差分别为2.90×10^(-3)和4.11×10^(-5),此方案提高了低信噪比情况下电阻率测量的准确度和精度,增强了系统的抗干扰能力。