利用AOML(Atlantic Oceanographical and Meteorological Laboratory)SVP漂流浮标的海表面温度数据,针对30°S以南的南大洋海域,对目前主要使用的微波遥感产品(AMSR-E,Ad-vanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Obser...利用AOML(Atlantic Oceanographical and Meteorological Laboratory)SVP漂流浮标的海表面温度数据,针对30°S以南的南大洋海域,对目前主要使用的微波遥感产品(AMSR-E,Ad-vanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System)反演的SST进行了较为系统的评估。结果表明,AMSR-E SST比浮标数据偏冷,偏差为-0.01℃,标准差为0.70℃。夏季的偏差为0.004℃,标准差为0.64℃;冬季的偏差为-0.06℃,标准差为0.75℃,冬季的偏差和标准差较大。温差ΔT受流速影响,随着流速的增大而减小,且这种趋势在夏季更为显著。具备托伞结构的浮标与总体情况基本一致,而无托伞结构的浮标受流速的影响要大一些。同时,温差ΔT受水汽的影响,随着水汽的增加而减小,且这种影响在冬季更大一些。进一步对4个穿极和绕极浮标的追踪分析表明,温差ΔT受大洋海流系统的影响显著。在海流大的大西洋边界流和南极绕极流中,温差ΔT的不确定性要明显大于总体情况。展开更多
Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the globa...Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans to evaluate the advantages of Argo NST(near-surface temperature: water temperature less than 1 m from the surface). By comparing Argo nominal surface temperature(~5 m) with its NST, a diurnal cycle caused by daytime warming and nighttime cooling was found, along with a maximum warming of 0.08±0.36°C during 14:00–15:00 local time. Further comparisons between Argo 5-m temperature/Argo NST and AMSR-E SST retrievals related to wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar cloud water indicate warming biases at low wind speed(<5 m/s) and columnar water vapor >28 mm during daytime. The warming tendency is more remarkable for AMSR-E SST/Argo 5-m temperature compared with AMSR-E SST/Argo NST, owing to the effect of diurnal warming. This effect of diurnal warming events should be excluded before validation for microwave SST retrievals. Both AMSR-E nighttime SST/Argo 5-m temperature and nighttime SST/Argo NST show generally good agreement, independent of wind speed and columnar water vapor. From our analysis, Argo NST data demonstrated their advantages for validation of satellite-retrieved SST.展开更多
Sea surface temperature(SST)is one of the important parameters of global ocean and climate research,which can be retrieved by satellite infrared and passive microwave remote sensing instruments.While satellite infrare...Sea surface temperature(SST)is one of the important parameters of global ocean and climate research,which can be retrieved by satellite infrared and passive microwave remote sensing instruments.While satellite infrared SST offers high spatial resolution,it is limited by cloud cover.On the other hand,passive microwave SST provides all-weather observation but suffers from poor spatial resolution and susceptibility to environmental factors such as rainfall,coastal effects,and high wind speeds.To achieve high-precision,comprehensive,and high-resolution SST data,it is essential to fuse infrared and microwave SST measurements.In this study,data from the Fengyun-3D(FY-3D)medium resolution spectral imager II(MERSI-II)SST and microwave imager(MWRI)SST were fused.Firstly,the accuracy of both MERSIII SST and MWRI SST was verified,and the latter was bilinearly interpolated to match the 5km resolution grid of MERSI SST.After pretreatment and quality control of MERSI SST and MWRI SST,a Piece-Wise Regression method was employed to correct biases in MWRI SST.Subsequently,SST data were selected based on spatial resolution and accuracy within a 3-day window of the analysis date.Finally,an optimal interpolation method was applied to fuse the FY-3D MERSI-II SST and MWRI SST.The results demonstrated a significant improvement in spatial coverage compared to MERSI-II SST and MWRI SST.Furthermore,the fusion SST retained true spatial distribution details and exhibited an accuracy of–0.12±0.74℃compared to OSTIA SST.This study has improved the accuracy of FY satellite fusion SST products in China.展开更多
The Yangtze River basin(YRB)experienced a record-breaking mei-yu season in June‒July 2020.This unique long-lasting extreme event and its origin have attracted considerable attention.Previous studies have suggested tha...The Yangtze River basin(YRB)experienced a record-breaking mei-yu season in June‒July 2020.This unique long-lasting extreme event and its origin have attracted considerable attention.Previous studies have suggested that the Indian Ocean(IO)SST forcing and soil moisture anomaly over the Indochina Peninsula(ICP)were responsible for this unexpected event.However,the relative contributions of IO SST and ICP soil moisture to the 2020 mei-yu rainfall event,especially their linkage with atmospheric circulation changes,remain unclear.By using observations and numerical simulations,this study examines the synergistic impacts of IO SST and ICP soil moisture on the extreme mei-yu in 2020.Results show that the prolonged dry soil moisture led to a warmer surface over the ICP in May under strong IO SST backgrounds.The intensification of the warm condition further magnified the land thermal effects,which in turn facilitated the westward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH)in June‒July.The intensified WNPSH amplified the water vapor convergence and ascending motion over the YRB,thereby contributing to the 2020 mei-yu.In contrast,the land thermal anomalies diminish during normal IO SST backgrounds due to the limited persistence of soil moisture.The roles of IO SST and ICP soil moisture are verified and quantified using the Community Earth System Model.Their synergistic impacts yield a notable 32%increase in YRB precipitation.Our findings provide evidence for the combined influences of IO SST forcing and ICP soil moisture variability on the occurrence of the 2020 super mei-yu.展开更多
文摘利用AOML(Atlantic Oceanographical and Meteorological Laboratory)SVP漂流浮标的海表面温度数据,针对30°S以南的南大洋海域,对目前主要使用的微波遥感产品(AMSR-E,Ad-vanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System)反演的SST进行了较为系统的评估。结果表明,AMSR-E SST比浮标数据偏冷,偏差为-0.01℃,标准差为0.70℃。夏季的偏差为0.004℃,标准差为0.64℃;冬季的偏差为-0.06℃,标准差为0.75℃,冬季的偏差和标准差较大。温差ΔT受流速影响,随着流速的增大而减小,且这种趋势在夏季更为显著。具备托伞结构的浮标与总体情况基本一致,而无托伞结构的浮标受流速的影响要大一些。同时,温差ΔT受水汽的影响,随着水汽的增加而减小,且这种影响在冬季更大一些。进一步对4个穿极和绕极浮标的追踪分析表明,温差ΔT受大洋海流系统的影响显著。在海流大的大西洋边界流和南极绕极流中,温差ΔT的不确定性要明显大于总体情况。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB430301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41321004,41206022,41406022)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.201305032)
文摘Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans to evaluate the advantages of Argo NST(near-surface temperature: water temperature less than 1 m from the surface). By comparing Argo nominal surface temperature(~5 m) with its NST, a diurnal cycle caused by daytime warming and nighttime cooling was found, along with a maximum warming of 0.08±0.36°C during 14:00–15:00 local time. Further comparisons between Argo 5-m temperature/Argo NST and AMSR-E SST retrievals related to wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar cloud water indicate warming biases at low wind speed(<5 m/s) and columnar water vapor >28 mm during daytime. The warming tendency is more remarkable for AMSR-E SST/Argo 5-m temperature compared with AMSR-E SST/Argo NST, owing to the effect of diurnal warming. This effect of diurnal warming events should be excluded before validation for microwave SST retrievals. Both AMSR-E nighttime SST/Argo 5-m temperature and nighttime SST/Argo NST show generally good agreement, independent of wind speed and columnar water vapor. From our analysis, Argo NST data demonstrated their advantages for validation of satellite-retrieved SST.
文摘Sea surface temperature(SST)is one of the important parameters of global ocean and climate research,which can be retrieved by satellite infrared and passive microwave remote sensing instruments.While satellite infrared SST offers high spatial resolution,it is limited by cloud cover.On the other hand,passive microwave SST provides all-weather observation but suffers from poor spatial resolution and susceptibility to environmental factors such as rainfall,coastal effects,and high wind speeds.To achieve high-precision,comprehensive,and high-resolution SST data,it is essential to fuse infrared and microwave SST measurements.In this study,data from the Fengyun-3D(FY-3D)medium resolution spectral imager II(MERSI-II)SST and microwave imager(MWRI)SST were fused.Firstly,the accuracy of both MERSIII SST and MWRI SST was verified,and the latter was bilinearly interpolated to match the 5km resolution grid of MERSI SST.After pretreatment and quality control of MERSI SST and MWRI SST,a Piece-Wise Regression method was employed to correct biases in MWRI SST.Subsequently,SST data were selected based on spatial resolution and accuracy within a 3-day window of the analysis date.Finally,an optimal interpolation method was applied to fuse the FY-3D MERSI-II SST and MWRI SST.The results demonstrated a significant improvement in spatial coverage compared to MERSI-II SST and MWRI SST.Furthermore,the fusion SST retained true spatial distribution details and exhibited an accuracy of–0.12±0.74℃compared to OSTIA SST.This study has improved the accuracy of FY satellite fusion SST products in China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0801603).
文摘The Yangtze River basin(YRB)experienced a record-breaking mei-yu season in June‒July 2020.This unique long-lasting extreme event and its origin have attracted considerable attention.Previous studies have suggested that the Indian Ocean(IO)SST forcing and soil moisture anomaly over the Indochina Peninsula(ICP)were responsible for this unexpected event.However,the relative contributions of IO SST and ICP soil moisture to the 2020 mei-yu rainfall event,especially their linkage with atmospheric circulation changes,remain unclear.By using observations and numerical simulations,this study examines the synergistic impacts of IO SST and ICP soil moisture on the extreme mei-yu in 2020.Results show that the prolonged dry soil moisture led to a warmer surface over the ICP in May under strong IO SST backgrounds.The intensification of the warm condition further magnified the land thermal effects,which in turn facilitated the westward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH)in June‒July.The intensified WNPSH amplified the water vapor convergence and ascending motion over the YRB,thereby contributing to the 2020 mei-yu.In contrast,the land thermal anomalies diminish during normal IO SST backgrounds due to the limited persistence of soil moisture.The roles of IO SST and ICP soil moisture are verified and quantified using the Community Earth System Model.Their synergistic impacts yield a notable 32%increase in YRB precipitation.Our findings provide evidence for the combined influences of IO SST forcing and ICP soil moisture variability on the occurrence of the 2020 super mei-yu.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42105063]the Youth Training Project of the Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions[project number CAMT-202302]a funded project of Hengyang Normal University[project number 2022QD11].
