Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechan...Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.展开更多
目的探讨苏葶平喘汤对激素抵抗型难治性哮喘小鼠癌蛋白Fos(c-Fos)及血清核转录因子激活蛋白-1(activator protein 1,AP-1)表达的影响,试分析苏葶平喘汤对难治性哮喘的干预机制。方法将50只雌性SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白组...目的探讨苏葶平喘汤对激素抵抗型难治性哮喘小鼠癌蛋白Fos(c-Fos)及血清核转录因子激活蛋白-1(activator protein 1,AP-1)表达的影响,试分析苏葶平喘汤对难治性哮喘的干预机制。方法将50只雌性SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白组(A)、模型组(B)、苏葶平喘汤组(C)、地塞米松组(D)和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组(E),每组10只。除空白组外,剩余4组均将小鼠建立为激素抵抗型哮喘模型。药物干预结束后进行取材,利用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)分别检测小鼠血清AP-1、肺组织c-Fos的表达水平。结果1.ELISA检测结果显示:模型组小鼠较空白组小鼠血清中AP-1的值明显增高(P<0.05),苏葶平喘汤组、地塞米松组及苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组较空白组的小鼠血清AP-1值均降低(P<0.05),其中以苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组的降低最为显著(P<0.05)。2.PCR检测结果显示:模型组与其余各组相比小鼠肺组织的c-FosmRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05),苏葶平喘汤组、地塞米松组和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组c-FosmRNA表达下降(P<0.05),地塞米松组、苏葶平喘汤组和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组小鼠的肺组织c-FosmRNA表达水平则无明显差异。结论苏葶平喘汤治疗激素抵抗型哮喘可通过影响AP-1及c-Fos的表达水平来实现抑制哮喘炎症反应控制激素抵抗型哮喘症状的作用。展开更多
目的研究麻杏解毒合剂对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠炎性因子表达的影响,基于p38MAPK/AP-1通路研究其疗效机制。方法60只昆明种(KM)小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、p38MAPK抑制剂组及麻杏解毒合剂高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。采用模拟寒湿...目的研究麻杏解毒合剂对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠炎性因子表达的影响,基于p38MAPK/AP-1通路研究其疗效机制。方法60只昆明种(KM)小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、p38MAPK抑制剂组及麻杏解毒合剂高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。采用模拟寒湿环境、表达h ACE2的重组腺相关病毒转导、SARS-CoV-2spike假病毒气管内给药建立小鼠冠状病毒肺炎模型。检测各组小鼠血清炎性因子、肺组织病理改变、肺组织p38MAPK、c-jun、c-fos的mRNA水平和蛋白表达情况。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达均显著升高(P<0.01),肺组织炎性改变明显,c-fos m RNA水平和p-p38、c-fos、c-jun蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,麻杏解毒合剂高、中剂量组小鼠血清炎性因子显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),小鼠肺组织炎性损伤明显减轻,同时肺组织中c-fos的mRNA水平和p-p38、c-fos的蛋白表达均显著下调(P<0.05)。结论麻杏解毒合剂能降低病毒性肺炎模型小鼠血清炎性因子水平,减轻肺组织炎性损伤,其疗效机制与抑制p38MAPK蛋白的磷酸化,下调AP-1通路mRNA及蛋白表达有关。展开更多
受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(receptor-interacting protein kinase 1,RIPK1)是一种多结构域丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。它通过磷酸化特定的蛋白质,引起下游的信号转导和生物效应。近年来,随着对RIPK1的深入研究,学者发现其在自身免疫性疾病、...受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(receptor-interacting protein kinase 1,RIPK1)是一种多结构域丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。它通过磷酸化特定的蛋白质,引起下游的信号转导和生物效应。近年来,随着对RIPK1的深入研究,学者发现其在自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病,以及多种实体瘤和血液肿瘤中具有重要意义。一方面,RIPK1通过激活特定通路如核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)等促进细胞存活及炎症反应。另一方面,RIPK1通过与胱天蛋白酶-8(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8,caspase-8)作用促进凋亡,或与RIPK3和混合谱系激酶结构域样假激酶(mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein,MLKL)作用促进坏死性凋亡的发生。RIPK1作为上游信号在不同肿瘤患者中表达水平不同。其支架功能和激酶活性可以调节癌症进展,也可以启动机体适应性免疫,抑制肿瘤进展;此外,还能产生免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境而促进肿瘤的发展。其双重作用在调节癌症的发生、发展及机体免疫反应方面都有所展现,可以作为新的治疗靶点控制癌症进展。该文从RIPK1的结构入手,深入探讨其功能,特别是其在调节癌症进展和免疫反应方面的功能,为癌症靶向药物的开发提供新的思路。展开更多
Recent studies have shown that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces the amount of time spent immobile in the forced swimming test.Howeve r,whether 9-hour fasting has therapeutic effects in female mice with depressive symptom...Recent studies have shown that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces the amount of time spent immobile in the forced swimming test.Howeve r,whether 9-hour fasting has therapeutic effects in female mice with depressive symptoms has not been established.Therefore,in this study,we simulated perimenopausal depression via an ovariectomy in mice,and subjected them to a single 9-hour fasting 7 days later.We found that the ovariectomy increased the time spent immobile in the forced swimming test,inhibited expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefro ntal cortex,and decreased the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus.The 9-hour acute fasting alleviated the above-mentioned phenomena.Furthermore,all of the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting were reve rsed by an inhibitor of the mammalian to rget of rapamycin complex 1.Electrophysiology data showed a remarkable increase in long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 of the ovariectomized mice subjected to fasting compared with the findings in the ovariectomized mice not subjected to fasting.These findings show that the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting may be related to the activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian hippocampus.Thus,fasting may be a potential treatment for depression.展开更多
In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and p...In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.展开更多
Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematological tumor with high mortality and recurrence rate.Carfilzomib is a new-generation proteasome inhibitor that is used as the first-line therapy for MM.However,the development of drug r...Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematological tumor with high mortality and recurrence rate.Carfilzomib is a new-generation proteasome inhibitor that is used as the first-line therapy for MM.However,the development of drug resistance is a pervasive obstacle to treating MM.Therefore,elucidating the drug resistance mechanisms is conducive to the formulation of novel therapeutic therapies.To elucidate the mechanisms of carfilzomib resistance,we retrieved the GSE78069 microarray dataset containing carfilzomib-resistant LP-1 MM cells and parental MM cells.Differential gene expression analyses revealed major alterations in the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)and cell adhesion molecules.The upregulation of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor superfamily member 1A(TNFRSF1A)gene was accompanied by the downregulation of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules.Furthermore,to investigate the roles of these genes,we established a carfilzomib-resistant cell model and observed that carfilzomib resistance induced TNFRSF1A overexpression and TNFRSF1A silencing reversed carfilzomib resistance and reactivated the expression of cell adhesion molecules.Furthermore,TNFRSF1A silencing suppressed the tumorigenesis of MM cells in immunocompetent mice,indicating that TNFRSF1A may lead to carfilzomib resistance by dampening antitumor immunity.Furthermore,our results indicated that TNFRSF1A overexpression conferred carfilzomib resistance in MM cells and suppressed the expression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules.The suppression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules may impair the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells to impair antitumor immunity.Future studies are warranted to further investigate the signaling pathway underlying the regulatory role of TNFRSF1A in MM cells.展开更多
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F....Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.展开更多
基金supported by the tenth batch of"3221"industrial innovation and scientific research projects in Bengbu City(beng talent[2020]No.8)the 2021 Bengbu Medical College Science and Technology Project[Natural Science,Project Number:2021byzd217].
文摘Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
文摘目的探讨苏葶平喘汤对激素抵抗型难治性哮喘小鼠癌蛋白Fos(c-Fos)及血清核转录因子激活蛋白-1(activator protein 1,AP-1)表达的影响,试分析苏葶平喘汤对难治性哮喘的干预机制。方法将50只雌性SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白组(A)、模型组(B)、苏葶平喘汤组(C)、地塞米松组(D)和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组(E),每组10只。除空白组外,剩余4组均将小鼠建立为激素抵抗型哮喘模型。药物干预结束后进行取材,利用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)分别检测小鼠血清AP-1、肺组织c-Fos的表达水平。结果1.ELISA检测结果显示:模型组小鼠较空白组小鼠血清中AP-1的值明显增高(P<0.05),苏葶平喘汤组、地塞米松组及苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组较空白组的小鼠血清AP-1值均降低(P<0.05),其中以苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组的降低最为显著(P<0.05)。2.PCR检测结果显示:模型组与其余各组相比小鼠肺组织的c-FosmRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05),苏葶平喘汤组、地塞米松组和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组c-FosmRNA表达下降(P<0.05),地塞米松组、苏葶平喘汤组和苏葶平喘汤+地塞米松组小鼠的肺组织c-FosmRNA表达水平则无明显差异。结论苏葶平喘汤治疗激素抵抗型哮喘可通过影响AP-1及c-Fos的表达水平来实现抑制哮喘炎症反应控制激素抵抗型哮喘症状的作用。
文摘目的研究麻杏解毒合剂对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠炎性因子表达的影响,基于p38MAPK/AP-1通路研究其疗效机制。方法60只昆明种(KM)小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、p38MAPK抑制剂组及麻杏解毒合剂高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。采用模拟寒湿环境、表达h ACE2的重组腺相关病毒转导、SARS-CoV-2spike假病毒气管内给药建立小鼠冠状病毒肺炎模型。检测各组小鼠血清炎性因子、肺组织病理改变、肺组织p38MAPK、c-jun、c-fos的mRNA水平和蛋白表达情况。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达均显著升高(P<0.01),肺组织炎性改变明显,c-fos m RNA水平和p-p38、c-fos、c-jun蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,麻杏解毒合剂高、中剂量组小鼠血清炎性因子显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),小鼠肺组织炎性损伤明显减轻,同时肺组织中c-fos的mRNA水平和p-p38、c-fos的蛋白表达均显著下调(P<0.05)。结论麻杏解毒合剂能降低病毒性肺炎模型小鼠血清炎性因子水平,减轻肺组织炎性损伤,其疗效机制与抑制p38MAPK蛋白的磷酸化,下调AP-1通路mRNA及蛋白表达有关。
文摘受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(receptor-interacting protein kinase 1,RIPK1)是一种多结构域丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。它通过磷酸化特定的蛋白质,引起下游的信号转导和生物效应。近年来,随着对RIPK1的深入研究,学者发现其在自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病,以及多种实体瘤和血液肿瘤中具有重要意义。一方面,RIPK1通过激活特定通路如核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)等促进细胞存活及炎症反应。另一方面,RIPK1通过与胱天蛋白酶-8(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8,caspase-8)作用促进凋亡,或与RIPK3和混合谱系激酶结构域样假激酶(mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein,MLKL)作用促进坏死性凋亡的发生。RIPK1作为上游信号在不同肿瘤患者中表达水平不同。其支架功能和激酶活性可以调节癌症进展,也可以启动机体适应性免疫,抑制肿瘤进展;此外,还能产生免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境而促进肿瘤的发展。其双重作用在调节癌症的发生、发展及机体免疫反应方面都有所展现,可以作为新的治疗靶点控制癌症进展。该文从RIPK1的结构入手,深入探讨其功能,特别是其在调节癌症进展和免疫反应方面的功能,为癌症靶向药物的开发提供新的思路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871070Jilin Province Medical and Health Talents,No.2020SCZT021Changchun City Science and Technology Development Plan Key Project,No.21ZGY16 (all to BJL)。
文摘Recent studies have shown that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces the amount of time spent immobile in the forced swimming test.Howeve r,whether 9-hour fasting has therapeutic effects in female mice with depressive symptoms has not been established.Therefore,in this study,we simulated perimenopausal depression via an ovariectomy in mice,and subjected them to a single 9-hour fasting 7 days later.We found that the ovariectomy increased the time spent immobile in the forced swimming test,inhibited expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefro ntal cortex,and decreased the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus.The 9-hour acute fasting alleviated the above-mentioned phenomena.Furthermore,all of the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting were reve rsed by an inhibitor of the mammalian to rget of rapamycin complex 1.Electrophysiology data showed a remarkable increase in long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 of the ovariectomized mice subjected to fasting compared with the findings in the ovariectomized mice not subjected to fasting.These findings show that the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting may be related to the activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian hippocampus.Thus,fasting may be a potential treatment for depression.
基金supported by the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD05)the Shanghai Oriental Talent(Rural Revitalization)Top Talent Project(T2023102).
文摘In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.
基金Research Projects-Joint Fund for Applied Basic Research of Kunming Medical University,Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2018FE001(-113),No.202301AY070001-098)Open project of Yunnan Clinical Medical Center(Nos.2020LCZXKF-XY02,XY06,XY16+1 种基金2022LCZXKF-XY02)Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents(No.D–2018018).
文摘Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematological tumor with high mortality and recurrence rate.Carfilzomib is a new-generation proteasome inhibitor that is used as the first-line therapy for MM.However,the development of drug resistance is a pervasive obstacle to treating MM.Therefore,elucidating the drug resistance mechanisms is conducive to the formulation of novel therapeutic therapies.To elucidate the mechanisms of carfilzomib resistance,we retrieved the GSE78069 microarray dataset containing carfilzomib-resistant LP-1 MM cells and parental MM cells.Differential gene expression analyses revealed major alterations in the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)and cell adhesion molecules.The upregulation of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor superfamily member 1A(TNFRSF1A)gene was accompanied by the downregulation of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules.Furthermore,to investigate the roles of these genes,we established a carfilzomib-resistant cell model and observed that carfilzomib resistance induced TNFRSF1A overexpression and TNFRSF1A silencing reversed carfilzomib resistance and reactivated the expression of cell adhesion molecules.Furthermore,TNFRSF1A silencing suppressed the tumorigenesis of MM cells in immunocompetent mice,indicating that TNFRSF1A may lead to carfilzomib resistance by dampening antitumor immunity.Furthermore,our results indicated that TNFRSF1A overexpression conferred carfilzomib resistance in MM cells and suppressed the expression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules.The suppression of MHC genes and cell adhesion molecules may impair the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells to impair antitumor immunity.Future studies are warranted to further investigate the signaling pathway underlying the regulatory role of TNFRSF1A in MM cells.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901835)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China(212102110145)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143018).
文摘Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
