目的评估1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病与死亡趋势,为降低结直肠癌疾病负担提供科学依据。方法本研究采用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型,分析2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease study,GBD2019)数据库中1990-201...目的评估1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病与死亡趋势,为降低结直肠癌疾病负担提供科学依据。方法本研究采用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型,分析2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease study,GBD2019)数据库中1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的数据。结果1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病/死亡率总体呈现上升趋势。APC模型分析结果显示:我国结直肠癌的发病与死亡风险的年龄效应随着年龄的增长而增加。结直肠癌发病风险的队列效应总体呈上升趋势,死亡风险队列效应呈现先上升后下降趋势。结直肠癌发病风险的时期效应总体呈上升趋势,死亡风险的时期效应呈先下降后上升再下降趋势。结论由于年龄、时期和队列效应的影响,中国居民1990-2019年结直肠癌发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,且结直肠癌发病的风险在60~70年龄段增长速度最快。这提示我们,有必要加强结直肠癌相关健康教育,尤其是中老年群体的健康干预,进而预防结直肠癌的发生,减轻疾病给个人、家庭和社会带来的负担。展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approa...Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approach:The study analyzes 81,823 publications from the journal PLOS ONE,covering the period from January 2018 to June 2023.It examines the authorship attributions within these publications to try and determine the prevalence of inappropriate authorship.It also investigates the demographic and professional profiles of affected authors,exploring trends and potential factors contributing to inaccuracies in authorship.Findings:Surprisingly,9.14%of articles feature at least one author with inappropriate authorship,affecting over 14,000 individuals(2.56%of the sample).Inappropriate authorship is more concentrated in Asia,Africa,and specific European countries like Italy.Established researchers with significant publication records and those affiliated with companies or nonprofits show higher instances of potential monetary authorship.Research limitations:Our findings are based on contributions as declared by the authors,which implies a degree of trust in their transparency.However,this reliance on self-reporting may introduce biases or inaccuracies into the dataset.Further research could employ additional verification methods to enhance the reliability of the findings.Practical implications:These findings have significant implications for journal publishers,Beyond authorship:Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and Maddi,A.,&the challenges of appropriate attribution highlighting the necessity for robust control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of authorship attributions.Moreover,researchers must exercise discernment in determining when to acknowledge a contributor and when to include them in the author list.Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the credibility and fairness of academic publications.Originality/value:This study contributes to an understanding of critical issues within academic authorship,shedding light on the prevalence and impact of inappropriate authorship attributions.By calling for a nuanced approach to ensure accurate credit is given where it is due,the study underscores the importance of upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing.展开更多
Source apportionment of particulate matter （PM10） measurements taken in Delhi, India between January 2013 and June 2014 was carried out using two receptor models, principal component analysis with absolute principal...Source apportionment of particulate matter （PM10） measurements taken in Delhi, India between January 2013 and June 2014 was carried out using two receptor models, principal component analysis with absolute principal component scores （PCA/APCS） and UNMIX. The results were compared with previous estimates generated using the positive matrix factorization （PMF） receptor model to investigate each model＇s source-apportioning capability. All models used the PM10 chemical composition （organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, water soluble inorganic ions （WSIC）, and trace elements） for source apportionment. The average PM10 concentration during the study period was 249.7±103.9 μg/m3 （range： 61.4-584.8 μg/m3）. The UNMIX model resolved five sources （soil dust （SD）, vehicular emissions （VE）, secondary aerosols （SA）, a mixed source of biomass burning （BB） and sea salt （SS）, and industrial emissions （IE））. The PCA/APCS model also resolved five sources, two of which also included mixed sources （SD, VE, SD＋SS, （SA＋BB＋SS） and 1E）. The PMF analysis differentiated seven individual sources （SD, VE, SA, BB, SS, IE, and fossil fuel combustion （FFC））. All models identified the main sources contributing to PM10 emissions and reconfirmed that VE, SA, BB, and SD were the dominant contributors in Delhi.展开更多
直吹式煤粉炉燃烧系统具有非线性、滞后性以及强耦合性等特点。常规自动化控制只适用于一定负荷条件下,而对变负荷及煤质变化等适应性差,不能满足用气负荷变化速度。APC(Advanced Process Control)先进过程控制[1]系统的出现,大大改善...直吹式煤粉炉燃烧系统具有非线性、滞后性以及强耦合性等特点。常规自动化控制只适用于一定负荷条件下,而对变负荷及煤质变化等适应性差,不能满足用气负荷变化速度。APC(Advanced Process Control)先进过程控制[1]系统的出现,大大改善了传统PID控制[2]的控制效果,使优化结果始终处于安全允许的范围内,确保煤粉锅炉及发电系统运行安全性,同时,根据负荷和煤质的变化,优化配风和给煤,使锅炉系统有较高的运行效率。展开更多
文摘目的评估1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病与死亡趋势,为降低结直肠癌疾病负担提供科学依据。方法本研究采用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型,分析2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease study,GBD2019)数据库中1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的数据。结果1990-2019年中国结直肠癌发病/死亡率总体呈现上升趋势。APC模型分析结果显示:我国结直肠癌的发病与死亡风险的年龄效应随着年龄的增长而增加。结直肠癌发病风险的队列效应总体呈上升趋势,死亡风险队列效应呈现先上升后下降趋势。结直肠癌发病风险的时期效应总体呈上升趋势,死亡风险的时期效应呈先下降后上升再下降趋势。结论由于年龄、时期和队列效应的影响,中国居民1990-2019年结直肠癌发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,且结直肠癌发病的风险在60~70年龄段增长速度最快。这提示我们,有必要加强结直肠癌相关健康教育,尤其是中老年群体的健康干预,进而预防结直肠癌的发生,减轻疾病给个人、家庭和社会带来的负担。
文摘Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approach:The study analyzes 81,823 publications from the journal PLOS ONE,covering the period from January 2018 to June 2023.It examines the authorship attributions within these publications to try and determine the prevalence of inappropriate authorship.It also investigates the demographic and professional profiles of affected authors,exploring trends and potential factors contributing to inaccuracies in authorship.Findings:Surprisingly,9.14%of articles feature at least one author with inappropriate authorship,affecting over 14,000 individuals(2.56%of the sample).Inappropriate authorship is more concentrated in Asia,Africa,and specific European countries like Italy.Established researchers with significant publication records and those affiliated with companies or nonprofits show higher instances of potential monetary authorship.Research limitations:Our findings are based on contributions as declared by the authors,which implies a degree of trust in their transparency.However,this reliance on self-reporting may introduce biases or inaccuracies into the dataset.Further research could employ additional verification methods to enhance the reliability of the findings.Practical implications:These findings have significant implications for journal publishers,Beyond authorship:Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and Maddi,A.,&the challenges of appropriate attribution highlighting the necessity for robust control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of authorship attributions.Moreover,researchers must exercise discernment in determining when to acknowledge a contributor and when to include them in the author list.Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the credibility and fairness of academic publications.Originality/value:This study contributes to an understanding of critical issues within academic authorship,shedding light on the prevalence and impact of inappropriate authorship attributions.By calling for a nuanced approach to ensure accurate credit is given where it is due,the study underscores the importance of upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing.
文摘Source apportionment of particulate matter （PM10） measurements taken in Delhi, India between January 2013 and June 2014 was carried out using two receptor models, principal component analysis with absolute principal component scores （PCA/APCS） and UNMIX. The results were compared with previous estimates generated using the positive matrix factorization （PMF） receptor model to investigate each model＇s source-apportioning capability. All models used the PM10 chemical composition （organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, water soluble inorganic ions （WSIC）, and trace elements） for source apportionment. The average PM10 concentration during the study period was 249.7±103.9 μg/m3 （range： 61.4-584.8 μg/m3）. The UNMIX model resolved five sources （soil dust （SD）, vehicular emissions （VE）, secondary aerosols （SA）, a mixed source of biomass burning （BB） and sea salt （SS）, and industrial emissions （IE））. The PCA/APCS model also resolved five sources, two of which also included mixed sources （SD, VE, SD＋SS, （SA＋BB＋SS） and 1E）. The PMF analysis differentiated seven individual sources （SD, VE, SA, BB, SS, IE, and fossil fuel combustion （FFC））. All models identified the main sources contributing to PM10 emissions and reconfirmed that VE, SA, BB, and SD were the dominant contributors in Delhi.
文摘直吹式煤粉炉燃烧系统具有非线性、滞后性以及强耦合性等特点。常规自动化控制只适用于一定负荷条件下,而对变负荷及煤质变化等适应性差,不能满足用气负荷变化速度。APC(Advanced Process Control)先进过程控制[1]系统的出现,大大改善了传统PID控制[2]的控制效果,使优化结果始终处于安全允许的范围内,确保煤粉锅炉及发电系统运行安全性,同时,根据负荷和煤质的变化,优化配风和给煤,使锅炉系统有较高的运行效率。
