Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicated that bacterial complications in COVID-19 would decrease clearance rate of the in...Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicated that bacterial complications in COVID-19 would decrease clearance rate of the infecting agent and increase mortality rate. Macrolides such as Azithromycin are usually administered to COVID-19 patients as palliative treatments. Currently, a considerable number of bacterial strains have developed resistance to various antibiotics, especially macrolides. Resistance is reported to be due to possession of mefA, ermB, and mphA genes by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, this study determined antibiotic resistance patterns and identify mefA, ermB and mphA macrolide-resistant genes in bacterial pathogens isolated from COVID-19 cases in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 400 Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from symptomatic cases before antibiotic medication;structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic data of participants. Samples were cultured on Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 48 hrs. Bacterial identification was performed using VITEK 2.0 ID cards and API 20E for Gram positive and negative bacteria respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods and VITEK 2.0 AST card kits. DNA of multidrug resistant bacterial isolates was extracted;resistant genes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Amplified genes were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: 240 (60%) had bacterial growth and 97 (22.2%) yielded no growth. From the 240 bacterial isolates, 38 (15.83%) were multi-drug resistant including resistance to macrolides (Azithromycin) 20 (52.63%) of which were positive for either mefA or ermB, and none (0.0%) possess mphA gene;14 (36.8%) isolates had mefA gene, 10 (26.3%) isolates carried ermB gene. Conclusion: Multi-drug bacterial resistance including macrolides and quinolones was detected. Only mefA and ermB genes were detected in the bacterial isolates, especially in Gram positive organisms. The detection of mefA and ermB genes in the MDR bacterial isolates raised concern on the use of azithromycin as palliative treatment for COVID-19 symptomatic patients.展开更多
以2个芹菜(Apium graveolens)品种‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’为试验材料,分别克隆出过敏原蛋白Api g 1基因。序列分析表明,‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’中的过敏原蛋白基因Api g 1均含有1个480 bp的开放阅读框及1个148 bp的内含子,分别...以2个芹菜(Apium graveolens)品种‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’为试验材料,分别克隆出过敏原蛋白Api g 1基因。序列分析表明,‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’中的过敏原蛋白基因Api g 1均含有1个480 bp的开放阅读框及1个148 bp的内含子,分别编码159个氨基酸,二者有2个核苷酸位点的差异,编码的氨基酸有1个位点差异。‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’的过敏原蛋白Api g 1与胡萝卜、欧芹等植物的过敏原蛋白相似度较高,在保守区域有7个甘氨酸残基,空间结构上由3个螺旋和7个折叠组成。实时定量PCR表达分析显示,该基因在主根中表达较高,茎其次,其他部位表达较弱,具有明显的组织特异性。展开更多
从芹菜(Apium graveolens Linn.)品种‘津南实芹’(‘Jinnanshiqin’)和‘美国西芹’(‘Meiguoxiqin’)中分别克隆获得泛变应原基因Api g 4;2个品种的Api g 4基因均包含1个长度为405 bp的开放阅读框,二者间有3个核苷酸位点的差异。2个...从芹菜(Apium graveolens Linn.)品种‘津南实芹’(‘Jinnanshiqin’)和‘美国西芹’(‘Meiguoxiqin’)中分别克隆获得泛变应原基因Api g 4;2个品种的Api g 4基因均包含1个长度为405 bp的开放阅读框,二者间有3个核苷酸位点的差异。2个品种的Api g 4基因均能编码134个氨基酸,但二者编码的氨基酸序列有2个位点的差异。多重比对以及进化树分析结果均表明:2个芹菜品种Api g 4基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物的泛变应原氨基酸序列同源性较高,氨基酸序列高度保守;与同科植物欧芹〔Petroselinum crispum(Miller)Nyman ex A.W.Hill〕和胡萝卜(Daucus carota Linn.)的泛变应原氨基酸序列的同源性均达到90%以上,在进化树上也归为同一支。2个品种的泛变应原Api g 4均为疏水性蛋白,具有相似的三维空间结构,均包含3个α螺旋和7个β折叠。实时定量PCR分析结果显示:Api g 4基因在‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’根中的表达水平均最高,在茎和茎尖分生组织中的表达水平相对较低,在叶中的表达水平很弱,且2个品种间同一组织的Api g 4基因表达水平也有差异,表明Api g 4基因的表达具有明显的组织特异性。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed wit...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed with enhancers and blockers of H2O2 and NO to analyze dynamic changes of flower development and API expression. [ Result] The expression level of API gene in off-season longan was improved during flower development. SNP and MV treatments up-regulated the expression level of API gene in leaves and terminal buds to varying degrees during lateral primordium formation. Especially, SNP treatment exhibited the most remark-able effect. DMTU treatment significantly inhibited the expression of AP1 gene in leaves and terminal buds during lateral primordium formation. L-NNA treatment slightly inhibited the expression of API gene in leaves and exerted no significant effect on expression of AP1 gene in terminal buds. [ Conclusion] It can be specu-lated that the enhancement of NO and H2O2 signals is conducive to flower development of off-season longan, while blocking H2O2 signals may inhibit flower develop-ment of off-season longan.展开更多
Using culture-independent technique polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and conventional culture techniques, ecological risk of transgenic maize pollen on gut bacteria of the...Using culture-independent technique polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and conventional culture techniques, ecological risk of transgenic maize pollen on gut bacteria of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana, was assessed. Honeybees were fed with Bt-transgenic maize pollen, non-transgenic near isoline pollen, linear crylAh gene （800 ng mL^-1） and supercoiled plasmid DNA （800 ng mL^-1） under laboratory conditions. The DGGE profile showed that the number of DGGE bands varied from 10.7 to 14.7 per sample, and the Shannon＇s index ranged from 0.85 to 1.00. The similarity calculated by PAST was mostly above 92%, indicating no obvious changes among treatments or within replicates. 14 bacterial strains affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were isolated and characterized on media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These results demonstrated that transgenic crylAh maize pollen did not induce significant changes of the honeybee gut bacterial community composition under laboratory conditions.展开更多
By screening the worker （Apis cerana cerana） heads cDNA library using a fragment of the mrjp3 gene of Apis cerana as probe, 120 positive clones were obtained. The clone containing A. cerana cerana MRJP3 （AccMRJP3）...By screening the worker （Apis cerana cerana） heads cDNA library using a fragment of the mrjp3 gene of Apis cerana as probe, 120 positive clones were obtained. The clone containing A. cerana cerana MRJP3 （AccMRJP3） cDNA was selected. Based on the sequencing of the inserts of the positive clone, a sequence of AccMRJP3 cDNA which is 1 887 bp long including a poly （A） tail was obtained. The AccMRJP3 cDNA encompassed an open-reading frame （ORF） with 1 779 bp encoding 593 amino acids. The un-translated regions （UTR） of the 5′ end and 3′end are 46 bp and 160 bp in length, respectively. Similar to AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3, the putative AccMRJP3 also has a repetitive region. The comparison of the repetitive region of AccMRJP3, AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3 shows some differences between them.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to clone and analyze the gene sequence encoding carbonic anhydrase-related protein lO-like （ CARP X） from Apis mellif era. [Method] The cDNA sequence of CARPX gene was cloned through R...[ Objective ] This study aimed to clone and analyze the gene sequence encoding carbonic anhydrase-related protein lO-like （ CARP X） from Apis mellif era. [Method] The cDNA sequence of CARPX gene was cloned through RT-PCR, and then analyzed with bioinformatic method. [Result] The full-length cDNA sequence of CARPX was 972 bp long and encoded 324 amino acid residues, including a signal peptide and two transmembrane domains. The predicted molecular mass was 37.1 kDa and the predicted isoeleetric point was 7.458. The CARP X from A. mellifera shared close relationship with proteins from Apisflorae, Bombtas impatiens, Bombus terrestris, Nasonia vitripennis and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The insect CARP X family may include two subfamilies. [ Conclusion] The results pro- vide basis for studying CARPs family.展开更多
文摘Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicated that bacterial complications in COVID-19 would decrease clearance rate of the infecting agent and increase mortality rate. Macrolides such as Azithromycin are usually administered to COVID-19 patients as palliative treatments. Currently, a considerable number of bacterial strains have developed resistance to various antibiotics, especially macrolides. Resistance is reported to be due to possession of mefA, ermB, and mphA genes by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, this study determined antibiotic resistance patterns and identify mefA, ermB and mphA macrolide-resistant genes in bacterial pathogens isolated from COVID-19 cases in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 400 Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from symptomatic cases before antibiotic medication;structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic data of participants. Samples were cultured on Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 48 hrs. Bacterial identification was performed using VITEK 2.0 ID cards and API 20E for Gram positive and negative bacteria respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods and VITEK 2.0 AST card kits. DNA of multidrug resistant bacterial isolates was extracted;resistant genes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Amplified genes were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: 240 (60%) had bacterial growth and 97 (22.2%) yielded no growth. From the 240 bacterial isolates, 38 (15.83%) were multi-drug resistant including resistance to macrolides (Azithromycin) 20 (52.63%) of which were positive for either mefA or ermB, and none (0.0%) possess mphA gene;14 (36.8%) isolates had mefA gene, 10 (26.3%) isolates carried ermB gene. Conclusion: Multi-drug bacterial resistance including macrolides and quinolones was detected. Only mefA and ermB genes were detected in the bacterial isolates, especially in Gram positive organisms. The detection of mefA and ermB genes in the MDR bacterial isolates raised concern on the use of azithromycin as palliative treatment for COVID-19 symptomatic patients.
文摘以2个芹菜(Apium graveolens)品种‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’为试验材料,分别克隆出过敏原蛋白Api g 1基因。序列分析表明,‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’中的过敏原蛋白基因Api g 1均含有1个480 bp的开放阅读框及1个148 bp的内含子,分别编码159个氨基酸,二者有2个核苷酸位点的差异,编码的氨基酸有1个位点差异。‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’的过敏原蛋白Api g 1与胡萝卜、欧芹等植物的过敏原蛋白相似度较高,在保守区域有7个甘氨酸残基,空间结构上由3个螺旋和7个折叠组成。实时定量PCR表达分析显示,该基因在主根中表达较高,茎其次,其他部位表达较弱,具有明显的组织特异性。
文摘从芹菜(Apium graveolens Linn.)品种‘津南实芹’(‘Jinnanshiqin’)和‘美国西芹’(‘Meiguoxiqin’)中分别克隆获得泛变应原基因Api g 4;2个品种的Api g 4基因均包含1个长度为405 bp的开放阅读框,二者间有3个核苷酸位点的差异。2个品种的Api g 4基因均能编码134个氨基酸,但二者编码的氨基酸序列有2个位点的差异。多重比对以及进化树分析结果均表明:2个芹菜品种Api g 4基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物的泛变应原氨基酸序列同源性较高,氨基酸序列高度保守;与同科植物欧芹〔Petroselinum crispum(Miller)Nyman ex A.W.Hill〕和胡萝卜(Daucus carota Linn.)的泛变应原氨基酸序列的同源性均达到90%以上,在进化树上也归为同一支。2个品种的泛变应原Api g 4均为疏水性蛋白,具有相似的三维空间结构,均包含3个α螺旋和7个β折叠。实时定量PCR分析结果显示:Api g 4基因在‘津南实芹’和‘美国西芹’根中的表达水平均最高,在茎和茎尖分生组织中的表达水平相对较低,在叶中的表达水平很弱,且2个品种间同一组织的Api g 4基因表达水平也有差异,表明Api g 4基因的表达具有明显的组织特异性。
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-33-25)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed with enhancers and blockers of H2O2 and NO to analyze dynamic changes of flower development and API expression. [ Result] The expression level of API gene in off-season longan was improved during flower development. SNP and MV treatments up-regulated the expression level of API gene in leaves and terminal buds to varying degrees during lateral primordium formation. Especially, SNP treatment exhibited the most remark-able effect. DMTU treatment significantly inhibited the expression of AP1 gene in leaves and terminal buds during lateral primordium formation. L-NNA treatment slightly inhibited the expression of API gene in leaves and exerted no significant effect on expression of AP1 gene in terminal buds. [ Conclusion] It can be specu-lated that the enhancement of NO and H2O2 signals is conducive to flower development of off-season longan, while blocking H2O2 signals may inhibit flower develop-ment of off-season longan.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB109203 and 2009CB118902)
文摘Using culture-independent technique polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and conventional culture techniques, ecological risk of transgenic maize pollen on gut bacteria of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana, was assessed. Honeybees were fed with Bt-transgenic maize pollen, non-transgenic near isoline pollen, linear crylAh gene （800 ng mL^-1） and supercoiled plasmid DNA （800 ng mL^-1） under laboratory conditions. The DGGE profile showed that the number of DGGE bands varied from 10.7 to 14.7 per sample, and the Shannon＇s index ranged from 0.85 to 1.00. The similarity calculated by PAST was mostly above 92%, indicating no obvious changes among treatments or within replicates. 14 bacterial strains affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were isolated and characterized on media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These results demonstrated that transgenic crylAh maize pollen did not induce significant changes of the honeybee gut bacterial community composition under laboratory conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30200206) Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(302113).
文摘By screening the worker （Apis cerana cerana） heads cDNA library using a fragment of the mrjp3 gene of Apis cerana as probe, 120 positive clones were obtained. The clone containing A. cerana cerana MRJP3 （AccMRJP3） cDNA was selected. Based on the sequencing of the inserts of the positive clone, a sequence of AccMRJP3 cDNA which is 1 887 bp long including a poly （A） tail was obtained. The AccMRJP3 cDNA encompassed an open-reading frame （ORF） with 1 779 bp encoding 593 amino acids. The un-translated regions （UTR） of the 5′ end and 3′end are 46 bp and 160 bp in length, respectively. Similar to AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3, the putative AccMRJP3 also has a repetitive region. The comparison of the repetitive region of AccMRJP3, AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3 shows some differences between them.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Education Commission of Shaanxi Province (11JK0618)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to clone and analyze the gene sequence encoding carbonic anhydrase-related protein lO-like （ CARP X） from Apis mellif era. [Method] The cDNA sequence of CARPX gene was cloned through RT-PCR, and then analyzed with bioinformatic method. [Result] The full-length cDNA sequence of CARPX was 972 bp long and encoded 324 amino acid residues, including a signal peptide and two transmembrane domains. The predicted molecular mass was 37.1 kDa and the predicted isoeleetric point was 7.458. The CARP X from A. mellifera shared close relationship with proteins from Apisflorae, Bombtas impatiens, Bombus terrestris, Nasonia vitripennis and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The insect CARP X family may include two subfamilies. [ Conclusion] The results pro- vide basis for studying CARPs family.
