Diversified and compatible web APIs recommendation based on game theory in IoT

With the ever-increasing popularity of Internet of Things(IoT),massive enterprises are attempting to encapsulate their developed outcomes into various lightweight Web Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)that can be accessible remotely.In this context,finding and writing a list of existing Web APIs that can collectively meet the functional needs of software developers has become a promising approach to economically and easily develop successful mobile applications.However,the number and diversity of candidate IoT Web APIs places an additional burden on application developers’Web API selection decisions,as it is often a challenging task to simultaneously ensure the diversity and compatibility of the final set of Web APIs selected.Considering this challenge and latest successful applications of game theory in IoT,a Diversified and Compatible Web APIs Recommendation approach,namely DivCAR,is put forward in this paper.First of all,to achieve API diversity,DivCAR employs random walk sampling technique on a pre-built“API-API”correlation graph to generate diverse“API-API”correlation subgraphs.Afterwards,with the diverse“API-API”correlation subgraphs,the compatible Web APIs recommendation problem is modeled as a minimum group Steiner tree search problem.A sorted set of multiple compatible and diverse Web APIs are returned to the application developer by solving the minimum group Steiner tree search problem.At last,a set of experiments are designed and implemented on a real dataset crawled from www.programmableweb.com.Experimental results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed DivCAR approach in balancing the Web APIs recommendation diversity and compatibility.

Effect of Apis mellifera on community composition of local pollinator bees and their pollination network in Qinling Mountains and surrounding areas

The Qinling Mountains, known for their rich vegetation and diverse pollinating insects, have seen a significant decline in bee species richness and abundance over recent decades, largely due to the introduction and spread of Apis mellifera. This decline has caused cascading effects on the region's community structure and ecosystem stability. To improve the protection of native bees in the natural and agricultural landscape of the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas, we investigated 33 sampling sites within three habitats: forest, forest-agriculture ecotones, and farmland. Using a generalized linear mixing model, t-test, and other data analysis methods, we explored the impact of Apis mellifera on local pollinator bee richness, abundance, and the pollination network in different habitats in these regional areas. The results show that(1)Apis mellifera significantly negatively affects the abundance and richness of wild pollinator bees,while Apis cerana abundance is also affected by beekeeping conditions.(2)There are significant negative effects of Apis mellifera on the community structure of pollinator bees in the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas: the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of bee communities at sites with Apis mellifera influence were significantly lower than those at sites without Apis mellifera influence.(3)The underlying driver of this effect is the monopolization of flowering resources by Apis mellifera. This species tends to visit flowering plants with large nectar sources, which constitute a significant portion of the local plant community. By maintaining a dominant role in the bee-plant pollination network, Apis mellifera competitively displaces native pollinator bees, reducing their access to floral resources. This ultimately leads to a reduction in local bee-plant interactions, decreasing the complexity and stability of the pollination network. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect native pollinator species and maintain the ecological balance in the Qinling Mountains.

意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)与中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana ceraca)的生态位比较

为了明确中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂在皖南山区生态适应性,研究两种蜜蜂的食物生态位、时间生态位和空间生态位及其差异,结果是中蜂与意蜂食物(蜜源植物)资源生态位宽度分别是0.923、0.765,中蜂对蜜源植物采集喜好性差异小,而意蜂差异大,中蜂对意蜂生态位重迭为0.160,中蜂对意蜂生态位相似性为0.755;油菜花期,中蜂与意蜂时间资源生态位宽度分别是0.879、0.801,枇杷花期,分别是0.760、0.677,中蜂与意蜂的空间资源生态位宽度分别是0.797、0.670。中蜂3种生态位宽度均大于意蜂,中蜂三维生态位值是意蜂的1.61倍和1.57倍。表明中蜂在皖南山区生态适应性比意蜂强。

Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and memory in honey bees (Apis mellifera). The series of experiments outlined in this paper aimed to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experiments in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee performance and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experiment examined if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the amount of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a time. The second experiment explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experiments tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. These experiments contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

RESTlogic: Detecting Logic Vulnerabilities in Cloud REST APIs

logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.

西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L．)sRNA的富集与文库检测

【目的】提取及扩增蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L)sRNA,并构建文库检测富集结果是否满足高通量测序研究要求。【方法】取蜜蜂3个级型不同发育阶段个体作为材料,分别提取总RNA后混合,从中分离出15～40nt的sRNA,反转成cDNA后构建文库,进行蓝白斑筛选。挑选288个单克隆进行测序,对测序结果进行分析。【结果】有效序列为214条,插入的cDNA片段大小范围为15～39bp。其中,sme-miR-71c miRNA65条,ncRNA(包括tm-RNA、intron_ghI、5.8s rRNA)5条,tRNA28条,siRNA及其他sRNA33条,CDS1条,未知序列82条。【结论】本实验采用的方法能有效富集蜜蜂sRNA,能够满足高通量测序从中识别出蜜蜂miRNA的研究。

基于下一代网络的SLEE APIs的研究

对下一代网络业务逻辑执行环境 (SLEE)的研究现状作了简要分析 ,在此基础上给出了业务逻辑执行环境 (SLEE)的体系结构。为满足不同层次业务开发者编写业务 (或应用 )的需要 ,提出不同抽象粒度的SLEE应用业务编程接口 (APIs)的体系框架。

Parlay APIs与SIP间呼叫相关概念映射的研究

对ParlayAPIs(parlayapplicationprogramminginterface)和SIP(sessionmitiationprotocol)协议中与呼叫相关的概念进行了分析和比较,得出了ParlayAPIs呼叫控制SCF(servicecapabilityfeature)中Call和CallLeg与SIP中Dialog的概念及相关参数的映射关系,进而提出了SIPServer工作在Proxy、B2BUA(back-to-backuseragent)及第三方控制模式下的ParlayAPIs呼叫控制SCF与SIPServer的呼叫概念映射模型.该模型为Parlay方法和参数与SIPServer操作和消息的进一步映射提供了前提和基础,为实际工程中,NGN(nextgenerationofnetwork)的Parlay网关中呼叫控制部分的设计与实现提供了指导作用.

Apis mellifera capensis蜜蜂失控自复制导致的正常群落破坏

提出对Apis mellifera capensis蜂造成Apis mellifera scutellata蜂群破坏的机制的一种新猜测,并根据logistic模型分别讨论这种猜测和已有的MARTIN猜测所导致的不同性质和规律,对2种猜测进行了比较。加强对社会成员之间信息网络的管理和监督,这也许是更加有效地防止破坏性子群体泛滥的途径。

Parlay APIs与SIP协议映射的实例研究

对下一代网中ParlayAPIs与SIP协议的映射进行了研究和分析,提出了ParlayAPIs到SIP协议的映射模型以及进行映射的分析方法,并以NGN中开发的语音邮件业务为例,分析了整个映射过程,验证了该方法的有效性。

Cloning and Expression of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Receptor in Apis cerana cerana

[Objective] This study was to clone the GnRH （gonadotropin-releasing hormone）, and to investigate its expression in Apis cerana cerana. [Method] The cDNA sequence of GnRHR gene was amplified from Apis cerana cerana by using RT-PCR techniques. It was conducted with bioinformatics analysis and the in situ hybridization histochemistry of its expression products was studied. [Result] The sequence analy- sis showed that the full cDNA sequence was 1 050 bp with the open reading frame of 1 050 bp, and it encoded 349 amino acid residues. The deduced amino sequence included 7 transmembrane regions, and the predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point were 40.6 kD and 9.54, respectively. The cluster analysis showed that the GnRHR from ＇,4. cerana cerana had close relationship to the GnRHR II from other insects. In situ hybridization showed that Bee-GnRHR staining was specifically localized to the brain, intestine, fat body and testis. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the GnRHR provided molecular bond for the reproduction and metabolism for insects, and suggested a functional role for bee-GnRHR signaling in the coupling of reproduction activities and environment conditions.

Correlation between the Change in the Number of Apis mellifera Worker Bees and Nectar Secretion of Nectariferous Plants

[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the correlation between changes of Apis mel ifera and the nectar secretion characteristics of nectariferous plants. [Method] Considering the nectar secretion characteristics of major and auxiliary nec-tariferous plants, six Apis mel ifera colonies were selected for measure the number of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult bees from Jan. to Dec. in 2012; based on that, their annual change curves were also plotted. [Result] The results showed that there were three peaks of the total number of A. mel ifera workers throughout the year：the first occurred on May 15th, with bees developed into an ideal population for col-lecting pomegranate nectar, and the second and third peaks occurred on July 15th and Oct. 15th, respectively, with bees developed into an ideal population for col ect-ing E. ciliate （Thuab） Hyland. [Conclusion] Prevention of Varroa jacobsoni should be carried out with two or more types of acaricides at the late nectar flow stages of the two nectariferous plants（pomegranate and E. ciliate （Thuab） Hyland） when there was a nectar deficiency. Prevention of Tropilaelaps clareae should be timely per-formed with sublimed sulfur in conjunction with acaricides. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yielding production of honey, as wel as for the product safety.

cDNA Cloning and Bioinformatic Prediction of TPI Gene from Apis mellifera

[Objective] The aim was to clone triosephosphate isomerase （TPI） gene from Apis mellifera, and predict the properties of TPI protein with bioinformatic meth- ods. [Method] The TPI gene was firstly cloned by in silico cloning based on the ex- pressed sequence tags （ESTs） from Unigene of NCBI. Some characters of the TPI protein including hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, isoelectric point （pl） and secondary structure were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatics. [Result] The TPI gene from A. mellifera was 1 768 bp in full length and it contained a complete ORF which encoded 247 amino acids; the pl of TPI protein was 8.515; the TPI protein was a member of ~13-fold family. [Conclusion] The in silico cloning based on the expressed sequence tags is a efficient method in practice, and this study will provide more references for further study on A. mellifera at molecular level.

Parlay CC APIs与SIP协议映射问题的研究

对Parlay APIs协议和SIP协议中与呼叫相关的部分作了对比,首先提出了两者与呼叫相关的核心概念的映射关系,列举了SIP Server工作在两种常用模式下的具体概念映射模型;随后阐述了Parlay CC API与SIP消息之间的映射,并给出实例加以说明;接着对二者的地址映射问题进行了讨论;最后给出了一个基于SIP的Par-lay CC API构建基本会话的时序关系。

The Influence of Bt-Transgenic Maize Pollen on the Bacterial Diversity in the Midgut of Chinese Honeybees, Apis cerana cerana

Using culture-independent technique polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and conventional culture techniques, ecological risk of transgenic maize pollen on gut bacteria of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana, was assessed. Honeybees were fed with Bt-transgenic maize pollen, non-transgenic near isoline pollen, linear crylAh gene （800 ng mL^-1） and supercoiled plasmid DNA （800 ng mL^-1） under laboratory conditions. The DGGE profile showed that the number of DGGE bands varied from 10.7 to 14.7 per sample, and the Shannon＇s index ranged from 0.85 to 1.00. The similarity calculated by PAST was mostly above 92%, indicating no obvious changes among treatments or within replicates. 14 bacterial strains affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were isolated and characterized on media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These results demonstrated that transgenic crylAh maize pollen did not induce significant changes of the honeybee gut bacterial community composition under laboratory conditions.

一个基于ASP.NET与Yahoo Web APIs的搜索网站的实现

继Google之后,Yahoo公司也发布了免费和受限的Web搜索服务APIs。本文介绍了Yahoo搜索服务的技术特点,简述了调用接口和返回文档结构,给出了一个基于ASP.NET的搜索网的技术要点和实现代码,设计并实现了一个搜索网实例。

Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille （Hymenoptera, Apidae） on Gossypium hirsutum （Malvaceae） Flowers at Dang （Ngaoundere, Cameroon）

To evaluate Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille impact on fruit and seed yields of Gossypium hirsutum L., its foraging and pollinating activities were studied in Ngaoundere for two seasons. Observations were made on 340 flowers each year and divided in three treatments. The treatments included unlimited flowers access by all visitors; bagged flowers to deny all visits and limited visits by Apis mellifera adansonii only. The worker bees seasonal rhythm of activity, its foraging behaviour, its pollination efficiency, the fruiting rate, the number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of normal seeds were evaluated. Results show that this bee foraged G. hirsutum flowers throughout the whole blooming period. This bee species intensely harvested pollen and nectar. The mean foraging speed was 9.41 flowers per rain in 2009 and 8.41 flowers per min in 2010. The fruiting rate, the number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of normal seeds of unprotected flowers were significantly higher than those of flowers protected from insects. Through its pollination efficiency, Apis mellifera adansonii provoked a significant increment of the fruiting rate by 60.84% in 2009 and 36.48% in 2010, as well as the number of seeds per fruit by 94.16% in 2009 and 31.41% in 2010, and the percentage of normal seeds by 94.23% in 2009 and 33.49% in 2010. The installation ofA. m. adansonii colonies close to G. hirsutum fields could be recommended to increase fruit, seed and honey yields, and pollen production as a hive product in the region.

含毒死蜱有效成分的杀虫剂对意大利蜂(Apis mellifera L.)的经口毒性

采用摄入法在室内测定了7种含有毒死蜱有效成分的杀虫剂对成年意大利蜂的急性经口毒性。结果表明:所测定的7种杀虫剂对成年意大利的急性经口毒性均为高毒;毒力由高到低的顺序是:10%阿维.毒死蜱乳油>12%高氯.毒死蜱乳油>50%毒死蜱微乳剂>30%甲维.毒死蜱乳油>30%毒死蜱.三唑磷乳油>20%毒死蜱.氟铃脲乳油>22%吡虫.毒死蜱乳油。另外,22%吡虫.毒死蜱乳油对供试蜜蜂24h和48h的致死作用存在明显的差异,其24h LC50值约是48h LC50值的12.6倍。

基于XML和Automation APIs的CAD模型集成与交换研究

异构数据源(例如不同CAD系统之间)的交换和共享是虚拟产品开发中信息集成的核心。一般是采用基于设计历史参数化建模方法进行模型交换,但特征和几何信息的交换导致了转换器规模变大;另外转换器采用过程模型作为中性文件,需要几何建模内核生成内部显式模型。为了解决该问题,提出了一种称之为MidCAD的共享集成平台,该平台将转换器和中性文件分开,这样商业CAD系统的转换器只和MidCAD进行交互。采用Microsoft开发的Automation APIs实现MidCAD的交互通信。转换器利用MidCAD的Automation APIs将源CAD模型转换为XML宏文件,或将XML宏文件转换为目标CAD系统的模型。对MidCAD集成平台进行了验证。

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of cDNA Encoding MRJP3 of Apis cerana cerana

By screening the worker （Apis cerana cerana） heads cDNA library using a fragment of the mrjp3 gene of Apis cerana as probe, 120 positive clones were obtained. The clone containing A. cerana cerana MRJP3 （AccMRJP3） cDNA was selected. Based on the sequencing of the inserts of the positive clone, a sequence of AccMRJP3 cDNA which is 1 887 bp long including a poly （A） tail was obtained. The AccMRJP3 cDNA encompassed an open-reading frame （ORF） with 1 779 bp encoding 593 amino acids. The un-translated regions （UTR） of the 5′ end and 3′end are 46 bp and 160 bp in length, respectively. Similar to AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3, the putative AccMRJP3 also has a repetitive region. The comparison of the repetitive region of AccMRJP3, AmMRJP3 and AdMRJP3 shows some differences between them.