In order to study the dynamic behaviors of the thermal protection system(TPS)and dynamic strength of the strain-isolation-pad(SIP),a two degree-of-freedom dynamic theoretical model is presented under the acoustic exci...In order to study the dynamic behaviors of the thermal protection system(TPS)and dynamic strength of the strain-isolation-pad(SIP),a two degree-of-freedom dynamic theoretical model is presented under the acoustic excitation and base excitation. The tile and SIP are both considered as the elastic body and simplified as a mass point,a linear spring and a damping element. The theoretical solutions are derived,and the reasonability of theoretical model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the numerical results. Finally,the influences on the dynamic responses of TPS by the structural damping coefficient of TPS,elasticity modulus and thickness of SIP are analyzed.The results show that the material with higher damping,and SIP with thicker size and lower elastic modulus should be considered to reduce the dynamic responses and intensify the security of TPS. The researches provide a theoretical reference for studying the dynamic behaviors of TPS and the dynamic strength of SIP. Besides,the dynamic theoretical model can be used as a quick analysis tool for analyzing the dynamic responses of TPS during the initial design phase.展开更多
In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line d...In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line distributed capacitance,etc.Meanwhile,the influence of fault current limiting strategy(FCLS)has not been fully considered.In this paper,the fault characteristics under FCLS and the feasibility of traditional travelling wave protections are analyzed.To improve the reliability and sensibility,a similarity comparison based pilot protection scheme is proposed,which focuses on the relationship between the fault characteristics and the state of the protected transmission line,with the establishment of a precise frequencydependent transmission line model.The criteria based on the similarity comparison calculated by cross-wavelet can identify the fault effectively.Meanwhile,the protection scheme can also endure the influence of error synchronization.Finally,the protection performance is verified in the PSCAD/EMTDC under different fault conditions.展开更多
在黑盒场景下,使用模型功能窃取方法生成盗版模型已经对云端模型的安全性和知识产权保护构成严重威胁。针对扰动和软化标签(变温)等现有的模型窃取防御技术可能导致模型输出中置信度最大值的类别发生改变,进而影响原始任务中模型性能的...在黑盒场景下,使用模型功能窃取方法生成盗版模型已经对云端模型的安全性和知识产权保护构成严重威胁。针对扰动和软化标签(变温)等现有的模型窃取防御技术可能导致模型输出中置信度最大值的类别发生改变,进而影响原始任务中模型性能的问题,提出一种基于暗知识保护的模型功能窃取防御方法,称为DKP(defending against model stealing attacks based on Dark Knowledge Protection)。首先,利用待保护的云端模型对测试样本进行处理,以获得样本的初始置信度分布向量;然后,在模型输出层之后添加暗知识保护层,通过分区变温调节softmax机制对初始置信度分布向量进行扰动处理;最后,得到经过防御的置信度分布向量,从而降低模型信息泄露的风险。使用所提方法在4个公开数据集上取得了显著的防御效果,尤其在博客数据集上使盗版模型的准确率降低了17.4个百分点,相比之下对后验概率进行噪声扰动的方法仅能降低约2个百分点。实验结果表明,所提方法解决了现有扰动、软化标签等主动防御方法存在的问题,在不影响测试样本分类结果的前提下,通过扰动云端模型输出的类别概率分布特征,成功降低了盗版模型的准确率,实现了对云端模型机密性的可靠保障。展开更多
Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would ...Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would improve the network system capacity. In this paper, a novel cluster-based architecture is proposed for a two-hop cellular network whereby the transmission distance between any communicating pair is restricted to half the cell radius. In this design, a given radio resource is used by two simultaneously communicating pairs in every hexagonal cell, but for only half the time slot period. The characteristic feature of this cluster-based design is that it enables a frequency reuse ratio of one. The proposed hierarchical system is analyzed and tested under realistic propagation conditions including lognormal shadowing. It has been observed that the system capacity of a cluster-based design is 2.5 times that obtained from the single-hop cellular system with no relaying. In addition, the cluster-based design achieves higher capacity compared to state-of-the-art two-hop algorithms. This is an important finding since the hierarchical cluster-based approach has fewer degrees of freedom in the selection of the routing path for the end-to-end connection. Practical routing algorithms should be able to benefit from this.展开更多
以状态检修为目的,研究了智能变电站保护系统的可靠性评估方法。首先从智能变电站技术特点出发,提出一种考虑逻辑节点的保护系统监测方法。根据状态检修的需要选取保护系统可靠性指标,并在此基础上建立了动态Markov模型,利用该模型定量...以状态检修为目的,研究了智能变电站保护系统的可靠性评估方法。首先从智能变电站技术特点出发,提出一种考虑逻辑节点的保护系统监测方法。根据状态检修的需要选取保护系统可靠性指标,并在此基础上建立了动态Markov模型,利用该模型定量评估保护系统在给定条件下的检修需求。最后以典型220 k V智能变电站为例说明了该评估模型的应用方法并做了相关分析。算例结果表明,该方法具有一定的可操作性,能够为智能变电站保护系统的检修决策提供一些参考。展开更多
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘In order to study the dynamic behaviors of the thermal protection system(TPS)and dynamic strength of the strain-isolation-pad(SIP),a two degree-of-freedom dynamic theoretical model is presented under the acoustic excitation and base excitation. The tile and SIP are both considered as the elastic body and simplified as a mass point,a linear spring and a damping element. The theoretical solutions are derived,and the reasonability of theoretical model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the numerical results. Finally,the influences on the dynamic responses of TPS by the structural damping coefficient of TPS,elasticity modulus and thickness of SIP are analyzed.The results show that the material with higher damping,and SIP with thicker size and lower elastic modulus should be considered to reduce the dynamic responses and intensify the security of TPS. The researches provide a theoretical reference for studying the dynamic behaviors of TPS and the dynamic strength of SIP. Besides,the dynamic theoretical model can be used as a quick analysis tool for analyzing the dynamic responses of TPS during the initial design phase.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaState Grid Joint Fund for Smart Grid(No.U2066210)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52007003)。
文摘In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line distributed capacitance,etc.Meanwhile,the influence of fault current limiting strategy(FCLS)has not been fully considered.In this paper,the fault characteristics under FCLS and the feasibility of traditional travelling wave protections are analyzed.To improve the reliability and sensibility,a similarity comparison based pilot protection scheme is proposed,which focuses on the relationship between the fault characteristics and the state of the protected transmission line,with the establishment of a precise frequencydependent transmission line model.The criteria based on the similarity comparison calculated by cross-wavelet can identify the fault effectively.Meanwhile,the protection scheme can also endure the influence of error synchronization.Finally,the protection performance is verified in the PSCAD/EMTDC under different fault conditions.
文摘在黑盒场景下,使用模型功能窃取方法生成盗版模型已经对云端模型的安全性和知识产权保护构成严重威胁。针对扰动和软化标签(变温)等现有的模型窃取防御技术可能导致模型输出中置信度最大值的类别发生改变,进而影响原始任务中模型性能的问题,提出一种基于暗知识保护的模型功能窃取防御方法,称为DKP(defending against model stealing attacks based on Dark Knowledge Protection)。首先,利用待保护的云端模型对测试样本进行处理,以获得样本的初始置信度分布向量;然后,在模型输出层之后添加暗知识保护层,通过分区变温调节softmax机制对初始置信度分布向量进行扰动处理;最后,得到经过防御的置信度分布向量,从而降低模型信息泄露的风险。使用所提方法在4个公开数据集上取得了显著的防御效果,尤其在博客数据集上使盗版模型的准确率降低了17.4个百分点,相比之下对后验概率进行噪声扰动的方法仅能降低约2个百分点。实验结果表明,所提方法解决了现有扰动、软化标签等主动防御方法存在的问题,在不影响测试样本分类结果的前提下,通过扰动云端模型输出的类别概率分布特征,成功降低了盗版模型的准确率,实现了对云端模型机密性的可靠保障。
文摘Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would improve the network system capacity. In this paper, a novel cluster-based architecture is proposed for a two-hop cellular network whereby the transmission distance between any communicating pair is restricted to half the cell radius. In this design, a given radio resource is used by two simultaneously communicating pairs in every hexagonal cell, but for only half the time slot period. The characteristic feature of this cluster-based design is that it enables a frequency reuse ratio of one. The proposed hierarchical system is analyzed and tested under realistic propagation conditions including lognormal shadowing. It has been observed that the system capacity of a cluster-based design is 2.5 times that obtained from the single-hop cellular system with no relaying. In addition, the cluster-based design achieves higher capacity compared to state-of-the-art two-hop algorithms. This is an important finding since the hierarchical cluster-based approach has fewer degrees of freedom in the selection of the routing path for the end-to-end connection. Practical routing algorithms should be able to benefit from this.
文摘以状态检修为目的,研究了智能变电站保护系统的可靠性评估方法。首先从智能变电站技术特点出发,提出一种考虑逻辑节点的保护系统监测方法。根据状态检修的需要选取保护系统可靠性指标,并在此基础上建立了动态Markov模型,利用该模型定量评估保护系统在给定条件下的检修需求。最后以典型220 k V智能变电站为例说明了该评估模型的应用方法并做了相关分析。算例结果表明,该方法具有一定的可操作性,能够为智能变电站保护系统的检修决策提供一些参考。