Preliminary Results of Application Mobilev Traffic model to Calculate Air Emission and Assessing Policies for Reducing Air Emissions in an ASEAN City

Traffic is one of the main air pollution source in urban cities,especially in Ho Chi Minh City.Annually,it emits a huge amount of pollutants into the atmosphere;and air quality in HCMC becomes worse due to circulation of outdate private vehicles.Therefore,clean air plan(CAP)is necessary for reducing air pollution level in the city and air emission inventory(EI)is an essential step to develop CAP.Mobilev model from Germany was chosen to conduct EI for HCMC.Objectives include of this study:(i)elaborating an air emission inventory(EI)from road traffic activities over HCMC;and(ii)assessing emission control policies and study abatement strategies to reduce air pollution level from traffic activities for HCMC in 2020.The results indicated that motorcycles are the main sources of air emission in HCMC.The emissions of CO are 3,586.707 tons/year,following ish VOC,NOx,CH4,NO2,SO2 and particulate matter(PM).In addition,CO2,which is one of the main greenhouse gases,also included and contributed 36,293.501 ton/year.These pollutants concentrated in the center which has crowded roads and population,affecting directly human health.Therefore,a replaced private vehicle with public transportation is necessary to reduce emissions.Two abatement strategies to 2020 for reducing emissions were performed and showed that if the HCMC government has severe policies on motor vehicles,the emission will be reduced until 60%,opposite emissions in 2020 will be increased to 200%.

ASEAN Commitment to Sustainable Development in the Regional International Environmental Law Perspective

The World Commission on Environment and Development in its report entitled“Our Common Future”has put forward the idea of sustainable development which is also an important part of the development of regional environmental law in Southeast Asia.In 1985 ASEAN Agreement on the Nature and Natural Resources has put sustainable development for the first time in ASEAN’s treaty.Sustainable development continues to grow through the 1987 Jakarta Resolution on Sustainable Development agreed upon by the leaders of ASEAN.This research will look at the importance of sustainable development as part of the regional environmental international law concept and how it has grown in ASEAN today.The purpose of this research is to know the various international agreements both soft law and hard law that puts sustainable development as an important element.The results show that sustainable development has become an integral part of the regional international environmental legal system in ASEAN.A provisional conclusion shows that ASEAN’s commitment to sustainable development has greatly improved the success of implementing environmental policies at the ASEAN level.

ASEAN-EU energy cooperation: sharing best practices to implement renewable energy sources in regional energy grids

The promotion of the energy security condition is one of the main aim of the cooperation between ASEAN and EU within the Plan of Action 2018-2022.The implementation of a regional integrated energy market among Southeast Asian countries will be the main driver to realize the ASEAN Economic Community,providing regular energy supplies(without disruptions)in order to meet the growing energy demand which will support the expected economic growth in the ASEAN region.We can observe that ASEAN and EU share the same approach in terms of diversification of the energy mix and the development of a regional energy grid,mainly fuelled with renewable sources(RES):as a matter of fact,the project to create an ASEAN Power Grid follows the EU attempt to create an EU-Mediterranean electricity ring,developing regional interconnections and producing"clean electricity"through RES(mainly solar and wind).Moreover,ASEAN initiatives to increase energy interconnectivity through the implementation of the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline and Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)regasification terminals are conceived as a way to reduce their dependence on coal(using gas as a transit fuel)as well the promotion of clean coal technologies.The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential evolution of this ASEAN-EU cooperation in the energy field and how sharing best practices and promoting a bilateral dialogue will support ASEAN countries to enhance a long-term renewable energy cooperation.ASEAN has set a target of securing 23 percent of its primary energy from renewable sources by 2025 and the EU initiatives and policies on RES(which accounts for 17 percent of energy consumed and 30 percent of the energy mix necessary to produce electricity)will be an interesting framework to work together on the achievement of the common goal of combating climate change.

ASEAN的发展是投资良机还是竞争威胁

印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国、文莱等国家的纺织和服装工业正在迅速发展.根据经济情报部门的一份特别报告“东南亚国家的纺织品和服装业是竞争的威胁,还是投资的机会?”分析表明,服装出口的急剧增加,使东南亚与日本和西方国家建立的合作关系受到威胁,但同时也展示了一个重要的投资良机.东南亚拥有一个3亿消费者的巨大市场,这个市场是九十年代全世界发展最迅速的市场之一,与此同时,东南亚的零售市场也得到迅速发展.东南亚的经济已经呈现出高速增长。

非ASEAN(非东南亚国家联盟)地区的环境问题的现状与对策——香港、台湾、印度为例

1950～1960年代发达国家已经历过的公害问题,在1970年之后,发展成包括发展中国家在内的国际性的环境问题,1972年在斯德格尔摩的联合国人类环境会议成为对发展中国家环境问题更加关心的重要转机.当时,发达国家与发展中国家对环境问题的观点,基本认识是不同的.

Innovation and Development Trends in ASEAN Marketing Models in the Digital Age

The digital wave is reshaping the global economic landscape with unprecedented force,especially in the dynamic and promising ASEAN region.Southeast Asia,a multicultural gathering place composed of ten countries,is experiencing profound changes due to the digital revolution,and its marketing model is also displaying new vitality.With soaring internet penetration,widespread use of smartphones,and the booming rise of social media,ASEAN markets have become at the forefront of global digital marketing innovation.This transformation is not only about the application of technology but also involves a comprehensive shift in thinking,consumer behavior,and business strategy.The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth how ASEAN marketing models are innovating in this era and to identify future trends,with a view to providing insights for companies to help them remain competitive in the rapidly changing market.

“Upgraded” China-ASEAN Expo to Hold Exhibition Tour in ASEAN Countries

During April 2-4,Chinar ASEAN Expo held an exposition in of Bangkok of Thailand,which was the first time for China-ASEAN Expo to hold expositions abroad ever since the beginning of China-ASEAN Expo was held 11 years ago.Since the year of 2004,China-

A Critique of Investment Protection of China’s Multinational Enterprises in Host ASEAN Nations – A Survey of the Legal Requisites for Foreign Investors of Guangdong Corporations in Southeast Asian Nations

As a result of the development of the“One Belt One Road”and“Stepping-out”strategy for multinational enterprises,China’s outward directed investments have grown rapidly.During the transformation period from a capital-importing country to a capital-exporting country,issues of insufficient investment protection laws on China’s outward investment have surfaced.To examine major investment risks,investment dispute settlement mechanisms,and legal barriers of China’s multinational enterprises in ASEAN States,this study selects typical state-owned enterprises and private companies among 300 Guangdong businesses,which invested in ASEAN via data analyses,surveys,and field studies.The findings of this research provide a reference for the investment protection and for the launching of investment litigation of these Chinese multinational enterprises whenever it is required.

Power Generation Optimization in ASEAN by 2030

The vast growing economic development in South East Asia (ASEAN) region leads to the increase of energy demand particularly electricity. Almost all the ASEAN member countries are planning to develop nuclear power plant in the near future, despite having quite enormous number of renewable energy potential such as geothermal (Indonesia and Philippines), high solar radiation (between 3 - 5 kW/m2/day), biomass and hydro the countries still required more sophisticated and more reliable source of power for its based load such as nuclear power. Philippines has built the first nuclear power plant back in 1980 in Bataan, however the commissioning of this plant was postponed due to the political power turbulence. The question whether nuclear or renewable energy could be the best option in term of cost effectiveness will be assessed in this paper. The optimization methodology has been used by using GAMS (General Algebraic Model), the econometric based on time series (1999-2010) is used to predict the increases of national power generation up to year 2030. The increases of electricity demand is assumed to be linear with the increased country GDP (Gross Domestic Products) and population. The optimization predicted that In Malaysia, the renewable energy could be the best option, since it shows lower cost compare to the fossil fuel based power plant. Geothermal in the Philippines shows cheaper to be commissioned compare to fossil fuel and nuclear power plant. While Indonesia the cost of nuclear still not competitive enough compare to fossil fuel, mainly due to cost of subsidy.

Free Trade and Employment in the ASEAN： From Theory to Empirical

The issue of flee trade and employment has been aconcemed for many countries for a long time. It seems that there exists a tradeoffbetween them. This paper looks back at the theories from the classical economics and discusses the role of free trade in economics. It also discusses the relationship between free trade and a nation＇s wealth, and the problems of free trade we face today. The theory is not challenged in the paper; however, the multi-functional state engaged within the market for full employment is included. The statistics and data of ASEAN are utilized to explain and examine the theory. A few ways of government intervention are introduced and regulations that are detrimental to employment are also discussed.

ASEAN ISIS与亚太安全制度建构:以ARF机制为核心的分析

本文以ASEAN ISIS在创设亚太安全合作机制——ARF中所发挥的作用为例,分析亚太认知共同体在安全机制建构中的作用,即提出和形成一种新的安全观,并推动亚太安全观的社会化与机制化。这一研究表明,在适当的情况下,认知共同体也可以在国际安全合作领域发挥重要作用。

Supply Chain Cooperation between China and ASEAN:A Top-Down Approach

The significant relocation of supply chains from China to ASEAN countries did not start with the pandemic.China has been steadily increasing its investment in ASEAN's low valueadded manufacturing sector due to the region's comparative advantage in labor costs.In recent years,changing geopolitics and the restructuring of regional economies in the Asia-Pacific region have accelerated this relocation.

China-ASEAN:Tightening Industrial Cooperation and Integrated Supply Chains

China and ASEAN countries are geographical neighbors and share a similar culture.In recent years,the bilateral trade between China and ASEAN countries has been growing continuously.The latest data from the General Administration of Customs shows that the bilateral trade between China and ASEAN has increased from RMB 876.38 billion in 2004to RMB 6.41 trillion in 2023,with an average annual growth rate of 11%,which is 3 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of China's foreign trade during the same period.

冷战时期美国对东南亚区域合作的政策选择——从东约(SEATO)到东盟(ASEAN)

受冷战的影响,20世纪50-70年代的东南亚区域合作经历了由外源型向内生型的方式转换。外来因素不仅塑造了东南亚区域主义基本样式,决定了区域合作的性质,而且极大地影响了区域合作的发展进程和方向。在众多的外部因素中,域外大国,尤其是西方阵营的主导性国家——美国的外交政策发挥着关键作用。冷战时期,美国对东南亚区域合作的政策也经历了由积极介入、强力主导到施加间接影响的转变,主要体现在对东约(SEATO)和东盟(ASEAN)这两个不同性质的区域合作组织采取不同的政策。本文即选取这两个区域组织为案例,通过对史料的解读,分析冷战时期美国对东南亚不同类型的区域组织采取不同政策的原因和政策实施效果。

EYE ON EMERGING INDUSTRIES ASEAN(Malaysia)-China Conference on Emerging Industries aims to foster new growth points in China-Malaysia economic and trade cooperation

On June 5,the opening ceremony of the ASEAN(Malaysia)-China Conference on Emerging Industries took place in Kuala Lumpur.The conference was guided and hosted by ASEAN-China Centre(ACC),China International Communications Group(CICG),and Ministry of Investment,Trade,and Industry of Malaysia(MITI),and co-hosted by the CICG Center for Asia-Pacific,National Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Malaysia(NCCIM),Associated Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Malaysia(ACCCIM),and China Enterprises Chamber of Commerce in Malaysia(CECCM).More than 300 guests from government departments,business communities,and academia of China and Malaysia attended.

Promising Signals--High-standard opening up promotes China-ASEAN high-quality cooperation and development

The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)attracted worldwide attention.The meeting facilitated discussions of the future course of China’s economy,which will also influence the development of the global economy.

NAVIGATING REGIONAL DYNAMICS--ASEAN’s unwavering path to regional development and stability

From July 21 to 27,Vientiane,the capital of Laos,hosted the 57th ASEAN Foreign Ministers'Meeting(AMM)and related gatherings.Over an intense week,25 ministerial meetings took place,including core ASEAN discussions and dialogues with 11 partner nations.The attendance of representatives from over 30 countries emphasized ASEAN's role as a crucial platform for multilateral engagement.

China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Consensus on eco environmental protection outweighs differences with continued focus on four strategic areas

In response to the severe challenges posed by global climate change and the sustainable development goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, green development has become a shared objective and necessity for economic growth and social transformation worldwide. China and the ASEAN countries share extensive common interests and positions on addressing climate change. Both have consistently emphasized green and sustainable development in their pursuit of shared prosperity. They have engaged in extensive practical cooperation in areas such as ecological conservation and clean energy.

BEHIND THE GROWTH OF CHINA-ASEAN TRADE

The first eight months of2024 saw continuous growth of China's trade in goods,with total import and export value reaching28.58 trillion yuan(US$4.01 trillion) and a trade surplus up by 13.6 percent.The main reasons were sustained expansion of global demand,continued optimization of China's foreign trade structure,and the country's vibrant trade withemerging markets such as ASEAN member states and countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.

China-ASEAN Technological Cooperation Digital and green technologies remain the focus of cooperation

At the 11th Forum on China-ASEAN Technology Transfer and Collaborative Innovation(hereinafter referred to as the China-ASEAN Innovation Forum)in July 2023,ASEAN Secretary-General Kao Kim Hourn highlighted the pivotal role of technology transfer and innovation in driving economic growth.He emphasized that technology transfer can assist China and ASEAN in bypassing traditional developmental stages.