The chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-Y-Zn system:An ab-initio molecular dynamics investigation of melt for the formation mechanism of LPSO structure

In an effort to clarify the formation mechanism of LPSO structure in Mg-Y-Zn alloy,the chemical environment and structural ordering in liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y-Zn system are investigated with the aid of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation.In liquid Mg-rich Mg-Y alloys,the strong Mg-Y interaction is determined,which promotes the formation of fivefold symmetric local structure.For Mg-Zn alloys,the weak Mg-Zn interaction results in the fivefold symmetry weakening in the liquid structure.Due to the coexistence of Y and Zn,the strong attractive interaction is introduced in liquid Mg-Y-Zn ternary alloy,and contributes to the clustering of Mg,Y,Zn launched from Zn.What is more,the distribution of local structures becomes closer to that in pure Mg compared with that in binary Mg-Y and Mg-Zn alloys.These results should relate to the origins of the Y/Zn segregation zone and close-packed stacking mode in LPSO structure,which provides a new insight into the formation mechanism of LPSO structure at atomic level.

Ab-initio and DFT Calculations of PdCl_2L_2 (L = DHSO, DPSO) Complexes

The substituent effect of sulfoxides in solvent extraction of palladium is investigated theoretically by using di-n-hexyl and diphenyl sulfoxide-palladium （Ⅱ） adducts as model complexes. RHF, DFT and two half-and-half functional （BHandHLYP and BHandH） methods have been applied in the geometry optimization, and BHandH method at the 6-31G^＊ level （Pd, 3-21G^＊） can give adequate accuracy for both free sulfoxides and their Pd （Ⅱ） complexes. As compared to diphenyl sulfoxide （DPSO）, the better affinity of di-n-hexyl sulfoxide （DHSO） towards Pd（Ⅱ） has been reasonably explained by a stronger electronic transfer, shorter Pd-S bond length and a larger binding energy in its Pd （Ⅱ） complex.

Atomic relaxation,stability and electronic properties of Mg2Sn(100)surfaces from ab-initio calculations

Mg2Sn(100)surfaces were investigated using ab-initio method based on density functional theory in order to explore the surface properties.It is found that both the eleven-layers for Mg-termination surfaces and the nine-layers for Sn-termination surfaces are all converged very well.The effects of relaxation mainly occurred within the three outermost atomic layers for both Mg and Sn terminations during the surface relaxation.Mg-termination surfaces are more stable than Sn-termination surfaces according to the analysis of surface energy.The density of states reveals the metallic property of both Mg-termination and Sn-termination surfaces.Covalent bonding exists in Mg2Sn(100)surfaces according to the analysis of partial density of states.

H_2-H_2各向异性作用势的ab-initio法计算

选用aug-cc-pVTZ及aug-cc-pVQZ基组对不同H2-H2位形进行了量子化学计算,外推出了氢分子间各向异性ab-initio作用势。依据实验数据确定出氢分子相互作用的5-体模型,在全局最优算法基础上拟合出了包含电四极矩项、多体极化作用项及三体关联项等在内的氢分子间各向异性作用势。结果验证了拟合势与ab-initio势能曲线几乎重合,两者偏差落在(-1.35K,1.29K)范围内;得出的氢分子第二维里系数与实验结果一致。

Magnetic properties of Mn-doped GaN with defects:ab-initio calculations

According to first-principles density functional calculations, we have investigated the magnetic properties of Mn- doped GaN with defects, Ga1-x-yVGxMny N1-z-tVNzOt with Mn substituted at Ga sites, nitrogen vacancies VN, gallium vacancies VG and oxygen substituted at nitrogen sites. The magnetic interaction in Mn-doped GaN favours the ferromagnetic coupling via the double exchange mechanism. The ground state is found to be well described by a model based on a Mn3＋-d5 in a high spin state coupled via a double exchange to a partially delocalized hole accommodated in the 2p states of neighbouring nitrogen ions. The effect of defects on ferromagnetic coupling is investigated. It is found that in the presence of donor defects, such as oxygen substituted at nitrogen sites, nitrogen vacancy antiferromagnetic interactions appear, while in the case of Ga vacancies, the interactions remain ferromagnetic; in the case of acceptor defects like Mg and Zn codoping, ferromagnetism is stabilized. The formation energies of these defects are computed. Furthermore, the half-metallic behaviours appear in some studied compounds.

Modern Ab-initio Calculations Based on Tomas-Fermi-Dirac Theory with Quantum, Correlation and Multi-shells Corrections

Thomas-Fermi theory is an approximate method, which is widely used to describe the properties of matter at various hierarchical levels （atomic nucleus, atom, molecule, solid, etc.）. Special development is achieved using Thomas-Fermi theory to the theory of extreme states of matter appearing under high pressures, high temperatures or strong external fields. Relevant sections of physics and related sciences （astrophysics, quantum chemistry, a number of applied sciences） determine the scope of Thomas-Fermi theory. Popularity Thomas-Fermi theory is related to its relative simplicity, clarity and versatility. The latter means that result of the calculation by Thomas-Fermi theory applies immediately to all chemical elements： the transition from element to element is as simple scale transformation. These features make it highly convenient tool for qualitative and, in many cases, quantitative analysis.

<i>Ab-Initio</i>Computations of Electronic, Transport, and Structural Properties of <i>zinc-blende</i>Beryllium Selenide (<i>zb</i>-BeSe)

We report results from several ab-initio computations of electronic, transport and bulk properties of zinc-blende beryllium selenide (zb-BeSe). Our nonrelativistic calculations utilized a local density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). The key distinction of our calculations from other DFT calculations is the implementation of the Bagayoko, Zhao and Williams (BZW) method, as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF), in the LCAO formalism. Our calculated, indirect band gap is 5.46 eV, from &Gamma;to a conduction band minimum between Г and X, for a room temperature lattice constant of 5.152 &Aring;. Available, room temperature experimental band gaps of 5.5 (direct) and 4 - 4.5 (unspecified) point to the need for additional measurements of this gap. Our calculated bulk modulus of 92.35 GPa is in excellent agreement with experiment (92.2 &plusmn;?1.8 GPa). Our predicted equilibrium lattice constant and band gap, at zero temperature, are 5.0438 &Aring;and 5.4 eV, respectively.

Modern Ab-Initio Calculations on Modified Tomas-Fermi-Dirac Theory

Thomas-Fermi theory is an approximate method, which is widely used to describe the properties of matter at various hierarchical levels (atomic nucleus, atom, molecule, solid, etc.). Special development is achieved using Thomas-Fermi theory to the theory of extreme states of matter appearing under high pressures, high temperatures or strong external fields. Relevant sections of physics and related sciences (astrophysics, quantum chemistry, a number of applied sciences) determine the scope of Thomas-Fermi theory. Popularity Thomas-Fermi theory is related to its relative simplicity, clarity and versatility. The latter means that the result of the calculation by Thomas-Fermi theory applies immediately to all chemical elements: the transition from element to element is as simple scale transformation. These features make it to be a highly convenient tool for qualitative and, in many cases, and quantitative analysis.

Physical Properties of the Zn_xCd_1-xSe Alloys: Ab-Initio Method

The present work performs self-consistent ab initio full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) method to study the structural and electronic properties of the ternary ZnxCd1-xSe alloy, based on density functional theory (DFT). In this approach, both the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) were used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. The ground-state properties are determined for the bulk materials CdSe, ZnSe and their alloy in cubic phase. In particular, the lattice constant, bulk modulus, electronic band structures and effective mass. We mainly showed deviation of the lattice parameter and bulk modulus from Vegard’s law of our alloys. We also presented the microscopic origins of the gap bowing using the approach of Zunger et al. The results are compared with other theoretical calculations and experimental data and are in reasonable agreement.

A Study by Ab-Initio Calculation of Structural and Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures Based on ZnSe

Our calculations are based on the modeling technique and simulation Ab-Initio that appeals to the Density Functional Theory (DFT) relying on the Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Waves (FP-LAPW) method that requires a calculation process using approximations such as Local Density (LDA) and Generalized Gradient (GGA) developed in the modelling software of nanostructures WIEN2k. The optimal structure of the binary semiconductor ZnSe crystallizing in the complex phase of Zinc Blende (B3) was determined by studying the variation of energy depending on the volume of the elementary cell. Then the electronic properties of the optimized state were analyzed such as the gap energy, the total density of states (TDOS), the partial density of states (PDOS) and the repartition of the electronic charge density. The obtained results were successful compared with other theoretical and experimental values reported in literature.

An ab-initio study of a^1B_(3u)→X^1A_g transition in a neutral molecular N_2 dimer

Presents the ab initio calculations performed for different symmetry groups of neutral molecular N 2 dimer, and the calculation of ground state and low lying singlet excited states for each symmetry group and concludes from the results that there is an electric dipole transition between X 1A g and a 1B 3u (singlet singlet) excited states belonging to D 2h group symmetry, and discusses the vibrational energy levels and emission spectra calculates for this transition.

<i>Ab-Initio</i>Calculations of 27 Electronic States of the BP⁺Ion-Molecule

The theoretical investigation of the potential energy curves, in the representation 2s+1Λ(+/-), of the 27 low-lying Doublet and Quartet electronic states of the BP+ molecular ion has been performed with the methods in quantum chemistry, the Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) and the Multireference Configuration Interaction (MRCI) calculations. The harmonic vibrational frequency ωe, the inter-nuclear distance at equilibrium Re, the rotational constant Be, the electronic energy with respect to the minimum ground state energy Te, and the permanent dipole moment have also been calculated. Twenty-three new electronic states have been investigated here for the first time. The comparison between the values of the present work and those available in the literature for several electronic states shows a good agreement. These investigated data can be a conducive to further work on BP+ molecular ion in both experimental and theoretical research.

基于语言模型的蛋白质结构域边界预测方法

蛋白质结构域对于蛋白质结构和功能研究具有重要意义。针对目前从头预测蛋白质结构域的方法普遍存在精度不高、耗费资源多等问题,提出了一种基于语言模型的蛋白质结构域边界预测方法DomTransformer,该方法基于蛋白质结构分类数据库(CATH)、蛋白质结构预测关键评估(CASP)竞赛数据,以及在AFDB(AlphaFold protein structure database)基础上建立的域数据库等共同构建数据集,搭建了基于Transformer网络架构和稀疏多头自注意力机制的网络模型,引入了新的特征、接触数和域级MSA(Domain multiple sequence alignment),通过直接预测结构域边界来解决数据不平衡等问题。在独立测试集上的测试结果表明了DomTransformer的有效性。

TiC/Ni固液界面异质形核行为的第一性原理分子动力学模拟

本文借助第一性原理分子动力学方法和密度泛函理论,针对四种TiC/Ni固液界面,从原子的异质形核行为与界面的电子性质两方面综合分析,进一步研究TiC促进Ni异质形核的机制。结果表明:TiC(100)、[Ti]-TiC(111)、[C]-TiC(111)基底均可诱导出Ni的预形核层(Pre-nucleation layer,PNL),且界面PNL的层间及面内有序度排序均为:[Ti]-TiC(111)/Ni>[C]-TiC(111)/Ni>TiC(100)/Ni。[Ti]-TiC(111)与PNL的Ni原子之间的强相互作用及化学键合使得其诱导出的PNL有序度最高。而TiC(110)基底无法诱导液体Ni原子形成预形核层,相较于上述三种基底,其促进Ni原子形核的能力最弱。在降温过程中,液相中剩余的Ni原子通过在TiC(100)、[Ti]-TiC(111)及[C]-TiC(111)基底诱导出的PNL作为过渡层的基础上,随温度的降低在PNL外侧聚集成簇,形成稳定的晶核。

ZnO(110)衬底上单层黑磷烯的外延生长

二维黑磷烯作为新一代半导体材料,具有可调带隙和高载流子迁移率等优点,具有广阔的应用前景.但二维黑磷烯目前还不能直接大规模制备,限制了其进一步的研究和应用.分子束外延是一种广泛使用的具有较高外延质量的单晶薄膜生长方法,在制备二维黑磷烯方面具有广阔的应用前景.本文基于密度泛函理论计算筛选了ZnO(110)、GaN(110)、BP(110)和SiC(110)四种潜在的衬底,研究了二维黑磷烯在这些衬底上的生长情况.研究表明,ZnO(110)上的黑磷单层及团簇结构是稳定的,且磷在该表面扩散特性也有助于磷团簇的成核生长.本研究为高效制备二维黑磷烯及其他二维材料提供了有益的指导.

Conductivity of carbon-based molecular junctions from ab-initio methods

Carbon nanomaterials （CNMs） are prompting candidates tor next generational electronics. In this review we provide a mini overview of recent results on the conductivity of carbon-based molecular junctions obtained from ab-mitio methods. CNMs used as nanoelectrodes and molecular materials in molecular junctions are discussed. The flmctionalities that include the nanomechanically controlled molecular conductance switches, negative differential resistance devices, and electronic rectifiers realized by using CNMs have been demonstrated.

Quantitative structure-property relationship study of cathode volume changes in lithium ion batteries using ab-initio and partial least squares analysis

In this paper,we report a method through the combination of ab-initio calculations and partial least squares(PLS)analysis to develop the Quantitative Structure eActivity Relationship(QSAR)formulations of cathode volume changes in lithium ion batteries.The PLS analysis is based on ab-initio calculation data of 14 oxide cathodes with spinel structure LiX2O4 and 14 oxide cathodes with layered-structure LiXO_(2)(X=Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Nb,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ta,Ir).Five types of descriptors,describing the characteristics of each compound from crystal structure,element,composition,local distortion and electronic level,with 34 factors in total,are adopted to obtain the QSAR formulation.According to the variable importance in projection analysis,the radius of X4t ion,and the X octahedron descriptors make major contributions to the volume change of cathode during delithiation.The analysis is hopefully applied to the virtual screening and combinatorial design of low-strain cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.

Strongly correlated intermetallic rare-earth monoaurides(Ln-Au):Ab-initio study

In this paper, we explored the structural, elastic and mechanical properties of the strongly correlated electron systems, intermetallic Ln-Au（Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu） in cubic structure,using PF-LAPW method within the density functional theory. Structural properties of these intermetallics were investigated by treating the exchange-correlation potential with the GGA-PBE, GGA-PBEsol and GGA ＋ U. The effectiveness of the U for the structural properties as compared to other methods confirms the strong correlated nature of these compounds and the calculated lattice constants endorse the divalency of Yb. The results demonstrate the stable cubic CsCl structure of these compounds. Bulk modulus, Young＇s modulus, shear modulus, B/G ratio, Cauchy pressure, Poisson＇s ratio, anisotropic ratio,Kleinman parameters and Lame＇s coefficients were studied using the PBEsol to evaluate their importance in various types of engineering applications. The most prominent features of these compounds are their ductility, very high melting points, resistance to corrosion, and anisotropic nature.

Estimation of the desorption energy of dichloromethane and water in MIL-53 by DSC and ab-initio calculations

Desorption energies of dichloromethane （CH2C12） and water （H20） in a metal-organic framework, MIL-53（A1）, were investi- gated by the combination of experimental （differential scanning calorimeter, DSC） and computational （ab-initio calculations） methods. The differences of desorption energy and natural log of the frequency factor of CH2C12 and H20 in MIL-53（A1） were analyzed by a thermo active process using DSC measurements. The interaction energy of guest molecules with MIL-53（A1）, which corresponds to the desorption in the thermal active process, was explored using ab-initio calculation. As a result of the difference in the interaction energies of H20 and CH2C12 in MIL-53（A1）, the site near the p2-OH groups has two potential wells Both experimentally and computationally, MIL-53 presents the preferential adsorption of CH2C12 than H20.

原子兰姆位移与超精细结构中的核结构效应

精密原子光谱实验和理论在测量基本物理常数和检验量子电动力学理论中起着关键作用,同时为研究原子核内部结构和发展高精度核结构理论提供重要观测平台.许多原子光谱实验中,核结构效应如电荷分布、磁矩分布和核极化度已被精确测定,大大提高了核结构检测的精度.本文系统论述了关于轻质量电子原子与缪子原子兰姆位移和超精细结构中的双光子交换效应的理论框架与研究发展.着重介绍了先进的核力模型和核结构第一性原理计算方法在上述问题中的应用.轻质量原子中双光子交换效应的理论研究对于从原子光谱测量中确定核电荷半径和Zemach半径具有重要作用.这些研究结果不仅能加深对原子核内部结构以及核子-核子相互作用的理解,还为未来实验提供重要的理论指导,推进对质子半径难题以及其他轻核半径测量问题的理解.