Relationship of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Retinal Vessel Calibers with Cognitive Impairment in the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Population

Objective Cognitive impairment(CI)in older individuals has a high morbidity rate worldwide,with poor diagnostic methods and susceptible population identification.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different retinal metrics and CI in a particular population,emphasizing polyvascular status.Methods We collected information from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community Study on retinal vessel calibers,retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,and cognitive function of 3,785participants,aged 40 years or older.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between retinal metrics and cognitive function.Subgroups stratified by different vascular statuses were also analyzed.Results RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the CI group(odds ratio:0.973,95%confidence interval:0.953–0.994).In the subgroup analysis,the difference still existed in the non-intracranial arterial stenosis,non-extracranial carotid arterial stenosis,and peripheral arterial disease subgroups(P<0.05).Conclusion A thin RNFL is associated with CI,especially in people with non-large vessel stenosis.The underlying small vessel change in RNFL and CI should be investigated in the future.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Prenatal B-Ultrasound in Diagnosing Fetal Abnormalities

Objective:To explore the positive significance of using prenatal B-ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormalities.Methods:A total of 200 pregnant women who visited Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were recruited as the research subjects.All pregnant women received prenatal examinations.A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the positive significance of prenatal B-ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.Results:Prenatal B-ultrasound examination detected 10 cases of fetal abnormalities,with a detection rate of 5.00%.When compared with the postnatal examination results of 5.50%,the difference was insignificant(P>0.05).Moreover,comparing the fetal limb abnormalities and cardiovascular abnormalities in prenatal B-ultrasound examination and postnatal examination,one case of congenital heart disease was missed in the prenatal B-ultrasound examination,and the others were consistent with the postnatal examination results,with a coincidence rate of 90.91%,indicating a high compliance rate.Conclusion:Fetal abnormalities have a great impact on mothers,babies,and families,and it is particularly important to strengthen diagnosis during this process.Prenatal B-ultrasound examination can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and can be promoted in clinical practice as a basis for screening fetal abnormalities.

Coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations in patients with dengue-A single center observational study

Objective:To evaluate coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations among patients with dengue.Methods:This observational study was conducted on 292 adult dengue patients who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Western India from July 2021 to June 2022.Coagulation tests including prothrombin time(PT),international normalized ratio(INR),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),fibrinogen,and D-dimer were performed.Patients were monitored for bleeding manifestations.Results:Coagulation abnormalities were reported in 42.8%of the patients.Overall,prolonged aPTT was the most common coagulation abnormality(40.8%),followed by low fibrinogen(38.7%),raised D-dimer(31.2%),raised INR(26.0%)and prolonged PT(19.2%).Bleeding manifestations were present in 19.9%patients.PT,INR,aPTT and D-dimer levels were significantly higher(P<0.01)and fibrinogen level was significantly lower(P<0.001)in patients with bleeding compared to patients without bleeding.Patients with bleeding had a significantly higher rate of all coagulation abnormalities than patients without bleeding(P<0.01).Conclusions:Patients with bleeding showed a significantly higher frequency of coagulation abnormalities compared to patients without bleeding.Patients with dengue should be assessed for coagulation abnormalities.

Prevalence of Ventilatory Function Abnormalities in Residents of Attecoube Lagune, Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Introduction: Studies of abnormal ventilatory function in Côte d’Ivoire have been carried out in the workplace and in schools. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function abnormalities in the population of the lagoon district of Attécoubé in Abidjan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 170 people in the municipality of Attécoubé Lagune. A questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. A basic spirometry and a beta mimetic test were carried out on all the subjects surveyed. Data analysis was done with the stata 15.1 software. Results: The study population was composed of 103 women and 67 men with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.65. The average age was 35.92 ± 15.28 years. The most frequent respiratory symptoms were chest tightness (29.41%), dyspnea (28.82%), sneezing (22.94%) and cough (22.35%). The prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities was 43.24% among residents of Attécoubé Lagune and the most frequent abnormality was ventilatory restriction (35.15%) followed by obstruction (4.85%). The risk factor for ventilatory function abnormalities was heavy pollution [OR = 2.66;IC: 1.053 - 6.743;P = 0.038]. Conclusion: Residents of the Attécoubé Lagune district had many respiratory symptoms and a high prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities. Improving air quality is urgently needed in this municipality.

Correlation between Reasons for Prescription and Karyotype Results in Patients Referred for Suspected Chromosomal Abnormalities

Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a correspondence between karyotype indications and their results in patients. This was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan from 2014 to 2019. 58 patient files were identified and included the indication or reason for prescribing a constitutional karyotype and the biological result obtained. An individual data sheet was used to collect the data. 17 reasons for prescription were identified and divided into 2 groups. Sexual ambiguity was the most frequent reason (29.3%). The first group (G1) represented the 10 reasons for which the karyotype results were normal. The second group (G2) corresponded of the 7 motives with normal or abnormal karyotype results. Several anomalies were listed according to these reasons: inversions, mosaics (anomalies of number and structure) and trisomy 21. The last was the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (69.24%). It was found in several reasons for karyotype prescription: malformations, neurological disorders, suspected trisomy and cardiac pathology. Several factors could explain these results, among which are the limits of the karyotype and the non-genetic causes that can induce these abnormal phenotypes. Complementary examinations to the karyotype are molecular cytogenetic techniques, notably fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH).

Blood Count Abnormalities Associated with Death in Patients Infected with SARS-COV-2 at the Ziguinchor EpidemicTreatment Center (ETC)

Introduction: SARS-COV-2 infection is a real public health challenge for the World Health Organization and for our country. It is responsible for numerous hematological abnormalities in infected patients. Objectives: To describe the haemogram abnormalities in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 and to determine which ones are associated with death. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study from March 2020 to September 2021. The study included all patients hospitalized with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who performed a blood count. We evaluated the blood count profile, the pathologies found and the associated blood count abnormalities. Results: A total of 263 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 63.77 years (range 12 - 90 years). The male sex represented 54.75% (n = 144) while the female sex was 45.25% (n = 119) (sex ratio = 1.21). The most common pathologies were: diabetes: 30.03% (n = 79), high blood pressure: 41.04% (n = 108), and Chronic kidney disease: 7.98 (n = 21). The abnormalities of the haemogram found were essential: anaemia 28.13% (n = 121), hyperleukocytosis with neutrophilic predominance: 29.3% (126), lymphopenia: 34.41% (n = 148), thrombocytopenia: 8.16% (n = 35). The search for hematological factors associated with death in patients showed a significant difference between hyperleukocytosis (p = 0.000) and lymphopenia (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 disease was a mortality factor when associated with lymphopenia and hyperleukocytosis in our series.

融合IMR-WGAN的时序数据修复方法

工业数据由于技术故障和人为因素通常导致数据异常,现有基于约束的方法因约束阈值设置的过于宽松或严格会导致修复错误,基于统计的方法因平滑修复机制导致对时间步长较远的异常值修复准确度较低.针对上述问题,提出了基于奖励机制的最小迭代修复和改进WGAN混合模型的时序数据修复方法.首先,在预处理阶段,保留异常数据,进行信息标注等处理,从而充分挖掘异常值与真实值之间的特征约束.其次,在噪声模块提出了近邻参数裁剪规则,用于修正最小迭代修复公式生成的噪声向量.将其传递至模拟分布模块的生成器中,同时设计了一个动态时间注意力网络层,用于提取时序特征权重并与门控循环单元串联组合捕捉不同步长的特征依赖,并引入递归多步预测原理共同提升模型的表达能力;在判别器中设计了Abnormal and Truth奖励机制和Weighted Mean Square Error损失函数共同反向优化生成器修复数据的细节和质量.最后,在公开数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的修复准确度与模型稳定性显著优于现有方法.

面向软件定义网络的异常流量检测研究综述

针对软件定义网络(SDN)较传统网络更易遭受网络攻击的现实,从技术原理和架构特点出发,对近年来面向软件定义网络的异常流量检测研究进展进行综述,分析了SDN可能遭受网络攻击的组织形式,讨论了当前SDN异常流量检测、异常流量溯源、异常流量缓解相关技术的特点、优势及不足;对当前研究中常用的数据集进行了对比分析,并梳理出一些通用的数据预处理方法;总结并展望了未来SDN环境下异常流量检测方法的研究方向。调研结果可以指导实际应用需求中适配方法的选取,提出待解决的问题和矛盾可为后续研究提供引导。

基于随机森林算法的异常发热复合绝缘子分类模型

不同类型异常发热复合绝缘子对应的检修决策、应急处理手段各不相同,因此迫切需要建立复合绝缘子异常发热类型识别方法。该文分析了表面积污、护套老化受潮和芯棒酥朽发热复合绝缘子的表面中轴线温度曲线,并定义了7个温度特征量对复合绝缘子异常发热状态进行表征。此外,该文提出了基于随机森林算法的异常发热复合绝缘子分类型模型,并使用现场和实验室拍摄的异常发热复合绝缘子红外图像构建温度特征量样本集。采用SMOTE算法对芯棒酥朽复合绝缘子温度特征量进行数据增广、10折交叉验证选择决策树个数。模型测试结果显示,表面积污、护套老化受潮和芯棒酥朽复合绝缘子的分类精确率均在85%以上。

孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系

目的:探讨孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院行抗核抗体谱检测的孕妇2490例,通过胎儿四维彩超和超声心动图检测胎儿发育情况。使用免疫印迹法检测孕妇血清抗核抗体谱(抗双链DNA、核小体、组蛋白、核糖体蛋白P、SM、nRNP、SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La、着丝点、Scl-70和Jo-1抗体)。比较胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗核抗体谱阳性检出情况,胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体和抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出情况。分析抗核抗体谱在胎儿心脏异常中的诊断价值。结果:2490例孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为5.38%。胎儿发育异常孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为7.2%(37/514),高于胎儿发育正常孕妇的4.9%(97/1976)(P=0.040)。胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La和着丝点抗体阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);78例胎儿心脏异常,其中心血管畸形51例、心律失常27例。胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体、抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体预测胎儿心脏发育异常的敏感度和阴性预测值分别为0.090和0.971;抗着丝点抗体预测的特异度和阳性预测值分别为0.999和0.400。结论:孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体以及抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性,可能提示胎儿心脏发育异常。

脂肪酸受体GPR119在动物脂代谢调控中的作用研究进展

中国是水产养殖大国,而高脂饲料的广泛使用导致了鱼类脂肪代谢异常,这严重制约了水产养殖业的发展,亟待对此问题寻求解决方案。近年来在哺乳动物中的研究表明,脂代谢紊乱诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝病(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)是危害动物健康的主要问题之一,而GPR119被认为是治疗NAFLD的新靶点。GPR119在鱼类中的研究相对较少,大部分鱼类GPR119功能相关研究主要聚焦于其在调控鱼类食欲中的作用,而其在调控鱼类脂肪代谢中的作用尚不清楚。本文总结了动物中GPR119基因的结构功能及其对脂肪代谢调控机制的研究现状,旨在为研究GPR119在鱼类脂肪代谢中的作用提供新思路,为探索缓解鱼类脂代谢紊乱的新型策略提供理论参考。

45,X/47,XYY性发育异常一例并文献复习

45,X/47,XYY性发育异常是一种由于罕见的染色体异常导致的性发育异常疾病。报告1例收治的45,X/47,XYY嵌合型性发育异常患者,该患者主因原发性闭经并出现男性化表现就诊,具有特纳综合征(Turner syndrome,Turner综合征)的表现,腹腔镜探查显示一侧性腺为条索状,另一侧外观睾丸样,病理为卵睾型性腺,手术切除双侧附件并予人工周期治疗,有月经来潮。结合本例及检索到的文献报道的女性表型中因原发性闭经就诊的病例共11例,对该病的临床表现、诊断及治疗方式进行总结。女性表型45,X/47,XYY性发育异常患者临床表现多样,以Turner综合征表现合并男性化表现多见,应尽早发现并切除发育不良的性腺,防止性腺肿瘤的发生和男性化表现出现。术后进行长期激素替代治疗,同时注重患者精神心理的疏导。

基于特征标记的油田无人值守站运行异常辨识研究

油田无人值守站的运行异常受多种因素综合影响,产生的数据可能存在噪声或错误,导致油田无人值守站运行异常辨识难度上升,所以研究一种新的基于特征标记的油田无人值守站运行异常辨识方法。按照既定时长采集无人值守站运行数据,对采集到的数据进行分析和降噪处理。以数据处理结果为基础,结合均值、方差和均方根值提取异常数据特征,并对异常状态特征进行标记处理,结合油田无人值守站运行异常辨识模型得到相关的辨识结果。实验结果表明,该设计的基于特征标记的油田无人值守站运行异常辨识方法的辨识准确率为93.77%,辨识效果好,可以在相关领域实现广泛应用。

某钢筋混凝土栈桥的异常振动成因分析

为研究栈桥异常振动原因并对结构进行安全性评估,在缺失结构异常振动期间观测数据的情况下,基于现场检测、动力测试及数值仿真3种方式相结合,将导致异常振动的内因和外因逐一排查,筛选高可能性因素进行异常振动成因分析。研究表明,栈桥的异常振动是由水平承载系统的第2阶自振频率与激振频率共振以及托辊转速较小差异导致的“拍现象”综合导致。其中,托辊对栈桥产生的拉扯激振是导致其异常振动的主要因素。该研究成果可为类似水运工程结构的异常振动成因分析提供参考价值。

癌胚性TUFT1异常表达与HBV相关肝细胞癌的研究进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的预防、早期诊断及精准治疗仍是亟需攻克的难题。肝炎病毒(HBV or HCV)慢性持续性感染、化学致癌物摄入和非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)等与HCC进展密切相关。最新发现,在牙釉质发育和矿化中起重要作用的釉丛蛋白(Tuftelin,TUFT1)异常转录,在人体组织中广泛分布。TUFT1作为酸性、磷酸化糖蛋白可促进肿瘤进展与转移。然而,TUFT1表达与HCC的研究报道尚不多见。本文综述了TUFT1基因结构、组织分布与肿瘤的关系,重点分析其在HBV-HCC进展中作用及其应用前景。

油液光谱数据诊断综合传动装置异常磨损定位方法

磨损是影响综合传动装置工作可靠性及使用寿命的重要因素之一,当前相关研究中常用的聚类、主成分分析、加权融合等油液光谱数据分析方法,缺乏对特定元素浓度指标异常磨损情况下随时间增长的考虑。为分析综合传动装置不同零部件的磨损状态,提出一种基于油液光谱数据的零部件异常磨损定位分析方法。针对综合传动装置异常磨损过程中部分元素在特定阶段会出现快速增长的情况,提出基于时间窗相关距离的聚类方法,分离表征不同零部件磨损状态的元素;提出磨损元素的磨损趋势分级方法,以高磨损趋势元素为聚类中心,使聚类结果具备可解释性;通过分级系数确定零部件磨损元素权重,融合各零部件磨损元素,获取不同零部件磨损状态表征;通过异常磨损界限值识别异常磨损,实现零部件异常磨损定位。以综合传动装置润滑油液光谱数据为例,检测判断该装置异常磨损的零部件及时间段。检测结果表明:Fe、Cu、Pb三种元素的磨损趋势分级系数最高,携带大量磨损信息,能够有效表征装置的磨损状态;基于时间窗相关距离的有中心聚类方法,成功将油液光谱数据分为Fe、Cu、Pb三类,可用于有效表征整体、摩擦片、齿轮组的磨损状态;基于分级系数的加权融合方法可以有效对该装置的异常磨损部位和时间周期进行检测和判断,为后续的故障预防和维护提供技术指导。

公共场所行人异常行为识别方法综述

为明确公共场所行人异常行为识别理论与技术研究进展,首先,借助中国知网(CNKI)和Web版引文数据库(WOS),给出公共场所行人异常行为广义定义与泛在特征,将常见异常行为划分为危害行为、不合群行为和违规行为3类;其次,从数据和技术基础视域,将现有异常行为识别方法划分为人工设计法、人体骨架法、红绿蓝(RGB)图像法和可穿戴传感器法4类;然后,梳理国内外主流人群异常行为数据集,分析相关算法在数据集上的性能表现;最后,从可用数据集和数据融合检测等方面总结现有研究方法局限性,给出未来研究方向与优化建议。研究结果表明:4类异常行为识别方法各有其优缺点;异常行为识别领域缺乏行为种类丰富、定义清晰、高质量的人群异常行为数据集;未来研究应聚焦稳健性强、准确率高的异常行为识别方法、模型及算法;探索多维数据融合互补检测方法,提升异常行为识别理论成果的应用场景的自洽性和自适应性,提高公共场所人群安全治理水平。

基于LoRa的生猪体征监测系统设计与实现

为克服现有生猪体征监测模块功能单一、传输距离受限、功耗大等问题,设计一种以低功耗智能耳标为采集终端的生猪体征监测与异常诊断系统。该系统以无线微控制器为硬件核心,结合猪只体温、心率、运动感知传感器,LoRa和GPRS技术组成的无线传感网络和云服务器构建生猪体征信息采集、健康评估、异常诊断监测平台,提高生猪养殖过程的智能化管理水平。试验表明,该系统运行稳定,能够实时采集、传输、显示、查询生猪体征参数和异常行为,体温相对误差小于1%,心率相对误差小于5%,通信网络丢包率小于5%,传输距离大于3 km,行为辨识结果大于90%,满足中小型规模化生猪养殖场的实际使用需求。可为生猪异常诊断、早期疾病检测治和疫情预防提供科学依据。

基于深度自回归模型的电网异常流量检测算法

针对电网中行为种类复杂多样且数量众多的问题,提出了一种基于自回归模型的电网异常流量检测算法。该算法利用深度自编码网络自动提取网络流量数据的特征,降低异常流量检测的分析周期,并自动挖掘数据的层次关系。通过支持向量机对提取的特征进行分类,实现对异常流量的检测。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可以分析不同攻击向量,避免噪声数据的干扰,进而提高电网异常流量检测的精度,对于流量数据处理具有重要意义。

临床药师参与左甲状腺素片致儿童肝功能异常的药学实践

目的:探讨临床药师对治疗儿童药物性肝损伤的监护要点,提高临床药师的监护水平。方法:临床药师参与1例左甲状腺素致肝功能异常患儿的治疗过程,对治疗用药提出建议和开展药学监护,促进患儿病情好转。结果:临床药师对患儿用药进行分析,建议停用左甲状腺素,并给予对症治疗,患儿肝功能逐渐恢复正常,随访期间患儿未出现肝损伤。结论:临床药师在药物性肝损伤治疗中发挥药学专业优势,进行药物精细化监护,确保了药物安全合理的使用。