基于5种植被指数的荒漠区植被生物量提取研究

荒漠区植被地上生物量是土地荒漠化监测和荒漠植被遥感信息提取的重要指标。本研究以甘肃民勤县为试验区,以哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)影像为数据源,构建了比值植被指数RVI、归一化植被指数NDVI、差值植被指数DVI、土壤调节植被指数SAVI及优化型土壤调节植被指数OSAVI 5种植被指数与植被实测地上生物量的估算模型(一元线性、指数、对数和二项式模型),并利用所选的最优模型,估算了研究区的地上生物量。结果表明:SAVI相较于RVI、NDVI、DVI和OSAVI指数同地上生物量之间的相关性最高(r=0.79),基于SAVI指数的二项式模型是研究区地上生物量估算的最优模型(R^(2)=0.76),且精度较高(R^(2)=0.73,RMSE=0.12)。民勤县的植被相对密集区主要分布于四大灌区(红崖山、环河、昌宁、南湖)、青土湖周边以及红沙岗镇西北区域,其他地域植被较为稀疏,无植被区[<0.005 kg·(100m^(2))^(-1)]、低植被区[0.005~0.2 kg·(100m^(2))^(-1)]、中植被区[0.2~0.5 kg·(100m^(2))^(-1)]和高植被区[>0.5 kg·(100m^(2))^(-1)]的占比分别为66%、21%、5%和8%。

毛果苔草种群地上生物量与株长或鞘高分形特征

By using the principles and methods of fractal geometry theory, the relationship between aboveground biomass and plant length or sheath height of Carex lasiocarpa population was studied. The results showed that there was a good static fractal relationship between them, and the resulted fractal dimension was an efficient description of the accumulation of aboveground biomass in each organ. The dynamic fractal relationship showed that during the whole growing season, the increase of aboveground biomass had a self-similarity, being a fractal growth process, and the pattern of its increase was the fractal dimension D. Based on these results, a fractal growth model of Carex lasiocarpa population was established, which regarded the bigger grass as the result of the amplification of seedling growth.

青藏高原典型高寒草地水热条件及地上生物量变化研究

利用海北州海晏县1979—2009年地面气象观测资料和1997-2009年地上生物量资料,分析了1979年以来青藏高原的气候变化和水热条件变化,以及气温和降水量与地上生物量之间的响应关系。结果表明,1979—2009年该地区的年平均气温和降雨量均呈增加趋势,年平均气温的增加速率达0.33℃.(10a)-1,年降雨量增幅为33.1mm.(10a)-1;>0℃的有效积温、生物温度和实际蒸散量均呈明显的增加趋势,而湿润度则呈明显的减少趋势。海晏县高寒草地牧草草地地上生物量呈波动增加,且与冬季降雨量呈显著的正相关,与春季降雨量相关性不显著,与夏季平均气温相关性最高。

Aboveground biomass of the alpine shrub ecosystems in Three-River Source Region of the Tibetan Plateau

Though aboveground biomass(AGB) has an important contribution to the global carbon cycle,the information about storage and climatic effects of AGB is scare in Three-River Source Region(TRSR)shrub ecosystems. This study investigated AGB storage and its climatic controls in the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems using data collected from 23 sites on the Tibetan Plateau from 2011 to 2013. We estimated the AGB storage(both shrub layer biomass and grass layer biomass) in the alpine shrubs as 37.49 Tg, with an average density of 1447.31 g m^(-2). Biomass was primarily accumulated in the shrub layer, which accounted for 92% of AGB, while the grass layer accounted for only 8%. AGB significantly increased with the mean annual temperature(P < 0.05). The effects of the mean annual precipitation on AGB were not significant. These results suggest that temperature,rather than precipitation, has significantly effects on of aboveground vegetation growth in the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems. The actual and potential increase in AGB density was different due to global warming varies among different regions of the TRSR. We conclude that long-term monitoring of dynamic changes is necessary to improve the accuracy estimations of potential AGB carbon sequestration across the TRSR alpine shrub ecosystems.

环境增温对稻麦轮作生态系统中作物产量的影响

为了揭示气候变暖与生态系统之间的反馈机制,自2007年12月至2010年6月间,依托上海市青浦区农田水利技术推广站实验基地开展了野外红外增温试验,以期预测未来长三角地区稻麦轮作生态系统中作物产量对气候变暖的响应。试验结果表明,在土壤温度升高一定值且保持现有农业管理方式不变的情景下,第1年度水稻地上部生物量和产量分别下降3.47%、5.84%,冬小麦地上部生物量和产量则分别上升6.55%、5.19%;第2年度,水稻生物量下降19.53%,根系生物量增加8.69%,产量下降22.57%,冬小麦地上部生物量和产量分别上升6.27%和5.00%;第3年度冬小麦地上部生物量、根系生物量及产量分别上升6.24%、43.73%、5.17%。另外,在增温条件下,水稻主要性状指标变化不显著,但冬小麦性状变化显著。

播种量、行距和施肥对甘引1号黑麦地上生物量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同播种量、行距和施肥组合对甘引1号黑麦不同生育期地上生物量的影响,旨在为甘引1号黑麦在甘肃高寒地区牧草生产提供技术指导。结果表明:播种量和行距对甘引1号黑麦抽穗期和乳熟期地上生物量影响显著(P<0.05),分别以播种量300 kg/hm2,行距30 cm效果最好。施肥组合对甘引1号黑麦乳熟期地上生物量影响显著(P<0.05),各生育期均以复合肥+氮肥组合甘引1号黑麦地上生物量最高。综合播种量、行距和施肥组合对甘引1号黑麦地上生物量的影响,在甘肃高寒地区,甘引1号黑麦牧草生产以复合肥+氮肥、播种量300 kg/hm2、行距30 cm的组合最佳。

若尔盖亚高山草甸地上生物量与植被指数关系研究

为探讨亚高山草甸地上生物量和植被指数的关系,更好服务于草地生态建设,论文利用2008年7月覆盖若尔盖地区的TM影像,分别建立了7种植被指数(NDVI、RVI、DVI、SAVI、MSAVI、PVI、GVI)与地上生物量的线性和4种非线性(二次多项式、三次多项式、对数、幂函数)回归模型。研究结果表明植被指数(NDVI、DVI、SAVI、MSAVI、PVI、GVI)与地上生物量模型表现出三次多项式回归模型最优,再次是二次多项式模型、线性模型,相对较差的是指数模型;而基于RVI的地上生物量模型表现为指数模型最优,其次为三次多项式模型、二次多项式模型、线性模型。分析表明,基于RVI的地上生物量幂函数模型的模拟效果最好,复相关系数R2=0.817 7,精度检验结果表明该模型的平均误差为6.80%,拟合精度达93.20%,根据此模型模拟出若尔盖县草地地上生物量分布图,表明该县草地生物量东南部较高而西北部较低。