Stepped-up development of accelerator mass spectrometry method for the detection of ^(60)Fe with the HI-13 tandem accelerator

The Moon provides a unique environment for investigating nearby astrophysical events such as supernovae.Lunar samples retain valuable information from these events,via detectable long-lived“fingerprint”radionuclides such as^(60)Fe.In this work,we stepped up the development of an accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)method for detecting^(60)Fe using the HI-13tandem accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE).Since interferences could not be sufficiently removed solely with the existing magnetic systems of the tandem accelerator and the following Q3D magnetic spectrograph,a Wien filter with a maximum voltage of±60 kV and a maximum magnetic field of 0.3 T was installed after the accelerator magnetic systems to lower the detection background for the low abundance nuclide^(60)Fe.A 1μm thick Si_(3)N_(4) foil was installed in front of the Q3D as an energy degrader.For particle detection,a multi-anode gas ionization chamber was mounted at the center of the focal plane of the spectrograph.Finally,an^(60)Fe sample with an abundance of 1.125×10^(-10)was used to test the new AMS system.These results indicate that^(60)Fe can be clearly distinguished from the isobar^(60)Ni.The sensitivity was assessed to be better than 4.3×10^(-14)based on blank sample measurements lasting 5.8 h,and the sensitivity could,in principle,be expected to be approximately 2.5×10^(-15)when the data were accumulated for 100 h,which is feasible for future lunar sample measurements because the main contaminants were sufficiently separated.

Simulation of experimental spectra for medium-heavy nuclides in accelerator mass spectrometry

Some interferences are often encountered in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements, espe-cially for medium-heavy nuclide measurement. It is difficult for online discrimination of the nuclide of interest from the interfering ones. In order to solve this problem, we developed a method to simulate the experimental spectra of medium-heavy nuclides in AMS measurements. The results obtained from this method are in good agreement with experimental values.

A DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A single and dual parameter data acquisition, ion beam measurements and control system for accelerator mass spectrometry is described. The system hardware has been constructed with the advantage of the lower cost and higher reliability. It is provided with varieties of functions such as selecting acquisition mode carrying out the multiple display, analyzing data and especially viewing isometric spectrum at different directions. It can also be used for ordinary nuclear spectrum system.

Measurement of the natural ^(36)Cl and ^(236)U in uranium mineral with accelerator mass spectrometry

The concentration of the natural ultra-trace radionuclides CI and U in the uranium depended on the neutron flux.In this article,a method for measuring 36C1 and 236U in the same uranium mineral with accelerator mass spectrometry was developed in China Institute of Atomic Energy,providing a protocol of the potential application of 236U in uranium mining,environmental,and geological research.The two samples were from Guangxi and Shanxi province,China,and their ratios 36Cl/C1 and 236U/238U were measured.More experimental data conduced to understand the natural nuclides in the uranium mineral.We plan to conduct more efforts on the research.

Studies of Al metabolism in animal by accelerator mass spectrometry

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Recursive Least Square Vehicle Mass Estimation Based on Acceleration Partition

Vehicle mass is an important parameter in vehicle dynamics control systems. Although many algorithms have been developed for the estimation of mass, none of them have yet taken into account the different types of resistance that occur under different conditions. This paper proposes a vehicle mass estimator. The estimator incorporates road gradient information in the longitudinal accelerometer signal, and it removes the road grade from the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle. Then, two different recursive least square method （RLSM） schemes are proposed to estimate the driving resistance and the mass independently based on the acceleration partition under different conditions. A 6 DOF dynamic model of four In-wheel Motor Vehicle is built to assist in the design of the algorithm and in the setting of the parameters. The acceleration limits are determined to not only reduce the estimated error but also ensure enough data for the resistance estimation and mass estimation in some critical situations. The modification of the algorithm is also discussed to improve the result of the mass estimation. Experiment data on asphalt road, plastic runway, and gravel road and on sloping roads are used to validate the estimation algorithm. The adaptability of the algorithm is improved by using data collected under several critical operating conditions. The experimental results show the error of the estimation process to be within 2.6%, which indicates that the algorithm can estimate mass with great accuracy regardless of the road surface and gradient changes and that it may be valuable in engineering applications. This paper proposes a recursive least square vehicle mass estimation method based on acceleration partition.

OPTIMUM PARAMETERS AND DESIGN OF TUNED MASS DAMPER FOR BUILDING FRAMES UNDER GROUND ACCELERATION

For the purpose of comparison and applications, two criteria for the optimum searching are considered, which are the minimization of the minimum of the maximum dynamic magnification factor(Min. Min. Max. DMF) and the minimization of the minimum dynamic reduction factor (Min.Min.DRF). A study is carried out to investigate the applicability of designing TMD utilizing the unit modal participation factor. In addition, the design steps for the building frame with TMD are suggested. It is demonstrated that significant reduction in the response can be achieved by adopting the optimum TMD parameters in the present paper.

Design and Fabrication of a Bio-inspired Acceleration Sensor Using Liquid Mass Blocks

A linear acceleration sensor,which is inspired by the human balance organ,is designed and prepared. It uses a liquid mass-block and a symmetrical-electrodes metal-core polyvinylidene fluoride fiber(SMPF)as the sensor element. The output signal of the sensor has an exponential relationship with the excitation amplitude of the impacting vibration. It is capable of detecting the amplitude and the correct frequency for sinusoidal excitations using an exponential correlation. The experiments indicate that both the output signal of the sensor and the resonance frequency increase substantially with increasing diameter of the metal core. The first-order resonance frequencies of the sensors with 40,60,and 80 μm diameter metal wires are below 10 Hz,which is near the range of human body motion frequencies.

Bits, Mass and Acceleration Issues in BSC

The goal of the present paper is to expand already published works in the frame of＂Banded speed cosmology＂ （BSC）. In particular this paper gives validated values for physical quantities not so far investigated in previous publications, i.e., the number of individual physical entity in the universe, as well as the maximum value for acceleration. Validates values mean identical quantities from a numerical point of view obtained with different theoretical procedures, additionally compared with data based on NASA observations with Planck probe.

^(36)Cl-AMS measurements with 3-MV tandem accelerator

36Cl is one of the most interesting nuclides in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements. The application of 36Cl has been widely applied in various fields. All most all of 36Cl AMS measurements at natural isotopic concentrations have yet been performed at tandem accelerator with 5 MV or higher terminal voltage. The measure improvement of 36Cl and other medium heavy isotopes performed at 3 MV in AMS facilities is one of the hottest topics in AMS measurements. In order to increase the suppression factor of 36S, the energy loss straggling and angular straggling of 36Cl and 36S ions in various counter gases (P10, isobutane and propane) were investigated. Some groundwater samples were measured with energy of 32 MeV, and the results were in good agreement with the result obtained with ion energy of 72 MeV. The results indicate that the approximate detection limit of 36Cl in 3 MV AMS facility is 36Cl/Cl=1×10-14 , and the uncertainty is 30% when the sample with isotopic ration 36Cl/Cl≈10-13.

真空冻干/快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中35种不同种类半挥发性有机物

建立了真空冻干/快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定土壤中35种不同种类半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)的方法。样品经真空冷冻脱水、快速溶剂萃取、旋转蒸发浓缩以及固相萃取SPE小柱净化后,氮吹定容,采用GC-MS上机测定。结果表明:土壤中35种SVOCs在10~1000μg/L范围内线性相关系数r^(2)≥0.991,方法检出限为0.034~0.40μg/kg,方法定量限为0.14~1.20μg/kg;以空白样品为基体进行加标回收实验,所得加标回收率为71.2%~113%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=7)为0.38%~13.3%,替代物荧蒽-D 10回收率为84.0%~92.5%;经实际样品检测验证,该方法灵敏、快速、准确可靠,适用于土壤中35种不同种类SVOCs的分析检测。

地外样品的核分析技术研究进展

地外样品是目前能获取到的来自其他天体的最直接地质证据。研究地外样品的目的在于揭示太阳系及其所含天体的宏观与微观演化过程,并为行星与星际环境和星际移民与外星生命的可能性提供新的见解。地外样品成分的原位或地面实验室精细分析研究对于人类认识天体演化以及我国后续月球探测与资源就地开发利用具有重要的意义。鉴于地外样品的特殊和珍贵,通常优先选用非破坏分析方法对其开展研究。而核分析技术是在实验核物理和核化学基础上发展起来的一门新型学科,是利用粒子与物质的相互作用、辐射效应、核谱学和核效应等基本原理和实验的方法,比如中子活化分析、离子束分析以及X射线荧光光谱分析等,利用其非破坏性、灵敏度高、准确度好和多元素同时分析等优点,非常适合开展地外珍贵样品的分析研究。未来十年是我国深空探测的关键时期,其主要目标是加深对宇宙的认知、拓展人类的活动空间、探寻地外生命信息,并进一步揭示宇宙奥秘与生命起源、了解保护地球以及激发科学探索精神。核分析技术作为对样品无损分析的科学手段,其生命力在于与物理、化学、材料、医学、地质、环境等学科领域的高度融合。随着我国深空探测的发展需求,核分析技术将会在我国月球、小行星、火星等深空探测以及采集的珍贵样品分析中发挥重要的作用。

阿克量级放射性同位素分析的加速器质谱分析技术及其进展

加速器质谱(AMS)技术已发展成为测试超低含量长寿命放射性核素的最灵敏手段,探测限降低至阿克量级。该文对加速器质谱的基本原理、加速器质谱仪基本结构、仪器经历的四代发展演化情况以及加速器质谱相关的关键技术进行了综述,以便于感兴趣的科研人员或从事相关交叉研究的青年科技工作者了解加速器质谱的技术原理、发展趋势、应用领域和范围,促进该技术的应用和学科交叉融合创新。近10年来,我国加速器质谱技术发展快速,仪器设备急剧增加,实验室建设和应用领域发展迅猛,在建及建成各类设备二十余台,设备类型愈发多样化,测试核素同样经历了最初的14C单一核素到现在“主流长寿命放射性核素”的近乎全覆盖扩展,应用范围不断扩大,对我国加速器质谱实验室的建设发展情况进行梳理和汇总也正得其时。加速器质谱技术除了推动传统的基础科学研究外,必将在对全球气候、环境污染、公众健康和国际性的核材料安全防护等热点问题的研究中做出越来越大的贡献,发挥越来越重要的作用。

大气^(14)CO_(2)的加速器质谱分析技术研究进展

利用加速器质谱技术测定大气^(14)CO_(2)以示踪大气化石源CO_(2)成为当前减污降碳工作的热点。该文从加速器质谱14 C分析基础出发,系统介绍了加速器质谱的工作原理、大气样品的采集及纯化、石墨化样品的制备和测定,阐述了大气碳监测领域^(14)CO_(2)测试的研究进展。随着加速器质谱技术的不断发展,大气^(14)CO_(2)的研究将会更加广泛和深入,有助于进一步认识大气化石源CO_(2)的来源,更有针对性地开展减污降碳工作。未来应统一制定^(14)CO_(2)监测方法标准,规范操作流程和质控手段,完善实验仪器配套设施,加快提升监测能力和水平。

EH32钢在人工海水中的流动加速腐蚀行为研究

目的 明晰流场、传质和锈层在EH32钢流动加速腐蚀过程中的协同作用机理。方法 利用射流喷射系统研究EH32钢的流动加速腐蚀行为,并基于CFD仿真模拟流场分布情况,最后通过微观形貌表征分析EH32钢的腐蚀形貌。结果 在射流喷射系统中,试样表面的流场分布不均匀,根据锈层的颜色可分为不同区域,喷嘴正对区域锈层最厚,但疏松多孔,形成凹坑,腐蚀最严重。远离喷嘴区域锈层逐渐减薄,但更致密,腐蚀形貌转变为“flow mark”和点蚀。结论 流场严重影响着腐蚀产物的分布,正应力高、剪切应力低的区域形成的锈层厚且疏松多孔,正应力低、剪切应力高的区域形成的锈层薄,但更致密。反应生成的阳极液随流体的转移过程导致了“flowmark”损伤形貌的形成,致密的锈层抑制了阳极液的转移,导致了点蚀坑的损伤形貌。锈层和阳极液的累积使得喷嘴中心区域表现为主要阳极区,腐蚀损伤最为严重,而远离中心区域由于致密的腐蚀产物抑制了传质过程,腐蚀速率较低。流场、锈层以及传质三者的协同作用决定了流动加速腐蚀行为。

绝对重力仪落体光心质心距调校方法研究

为了最小化激光干涉式绝对重力仪中落体旋转引入的重力加速度测量误差,提出了一种基于落体悬吊的光心质心间距调校方法,结合落体的外部结构,搭建了一套简易高效的落体调校装置。该装置采用光电自准直仪测量落体悬吊状态下的俯仰角,可实现对落体质心位置的高准确度调节,进而完成对落体光心质心距的调校。对装置的测量不确定度进行了评估,得到落体光心质心距测量的合成标准不确定度为18.85μm。最后在NIM-3A型绝对重力仪上进行实验验证。结果表明,悬吊法调校落体的光心质心距优于20μm。若落体旋转角速度控制在0.02 rad/s以内,则落体引入的重力加速度的误差优于1μGal。

快速滤过型净化结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法同时检测土壤中23种有机氯农药

本文建立了快速滤过型净化(m-PFC)结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(CC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中23种有机氯农药(OCPs)的方法。对影响OCPs回收率的主要因素进行优化,得出最优的萃取条件:2次静态萃取循环,每次静态萃取5min,100℃的萃取温度,正己烷/丙酮(1:1,V/V)为萃取液。研究发现了适合佛罗里硅土柱净化的洗脱液配比,比较了佛罗里硅土柱净化和m-PFC净化对土壤萃取液的净化效果,结果表明,m-PFC净化能减少前处理流程,提高前处理效率,且有较高回收率。23种OCPs在相应的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.995,加标回收率为81.7%~112%,RSD为0.6%~5.8%,当取样量为20.00 g时,方法的检出限为0.004~0.029μg·kg^(-1),定量下限为0.016~0.116μg·kg^(-1)。

基于蠕变曲线对称的蠕变模型研究及参数敏感性分析

为了获得滇中引水隧洞围岩的蠕变特性和研究隧洞围岩的长期稳定性,采用中国科学院武汉岩土所自主研发的全自动三轴开展绿泥页岩的单轴蠕变试验,获得了绿泥页岩的轴向蠕变曲线和等时应力-应变曲线,并基于等时应力-应变曲线的特征确定出绿泥页岩的长期强度值。基于经典蠕变曲线特征与大量试验蠕变曲线,发现描述衰减蠕变曲线的方程可以通过对称处理,故假设加速曲线与衰减蠕变曲线是关于稳定蠕变曲线的中点对称的,得到一种基于蠕变曲线对称的加速蠕变模型,并基于蠕变试验曲线的特征提出一套确定蠕变模型参数的方法。最后,将引入加速蠕变模型中的参数进行敏感性分析,使得引入模型中的参数具有明确的物理意义。结果表明:随着轴向应力的不断增大,岩石的瞬时应变值和蠕变变形值不断增大,而第一级荷载作用下岩石的瞬时应变占蠕变总变形比值最大。所建立的蠕变模型不仅可以很好地描述绿泥页岩的衰减蠕变和稳定蠕变变形规律,也较好地弥补了西原模型无法描述加速蠕变的缺陷,且该模型曲线与试验曲线的吻合度要远远高于西原模型与试验曲线的吻合度,并且不同应力作用下模型曲线与试验曲线的相关性系数均在0.90以上;同时,通过不同类型试验曲线与模型曲线的验证也说明了该模型是可用于不同类型岩石蠕变曲线的预测。最终,引入参数j值控制了加速蠕变的变形速率和进入加速蠕变的时间,参数k值控制了蠕变时间和加速阶段的蠕变速率。

利用CFD计算水下航行器直航附加质量的方法研究

水下自主航行器(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV)是一种高度非标准化设备,理论计算不能准确地求取外形不一的AUV直航方向的附加质量。提出一种基于商业软件ANSYS FLUENT的计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)求解方法,与传统的基于动网格的CFD方法不同,该方法不需要使用动网格,在保证计算精度的同时降低了网格要求且极大地提升了计算速度。为验证本方法的准确性,对标准椭圆球分别进行CFD仿真及理论计算。该方法得到的附加质量值与理论计算值偏差小于3%。说明在设计初期,用该方法计算任意外形的AUV直航方向的附加质量结果可靠。

浮放运输货物在冲击载荷下倾覆风险研究

目的对浮放运输货物在车辆冲击载荷下摇摆特性进行分析和其倾覆风险评价。方法将浮放运输的货物或包装件简化为刚性质量块,载运车辆建模为具有一定水平加速度载荷的刚性支座,推导出刚性质量块在加速度载荷下的摇摆运动控制方程,通过试验设计测取车辆减速制动工况下冲击载荷波形,建立冲击载荷波数学表达式,采用理论分析方法在近似线性化范围内分析冲击载荷下刚性质量块的动态摇摆特性与倾覆风险。结果刚性质量块在正向加速度载荷下进入摇摆,响应初始摇摆角度小于0并且倾覆是发生在自由振动状态下;绘制了刚性质量块在半正弦波冲击载荷下最小倾覆加速度频谱,存在一条边界线将频谱划分为安全区和倾覆区;刚性质量块的宽高比和稳定性呈正相关。结论通过转变为刚性质量块摇摆响应系统问题线性近似研究了浮放运输货物的摇摆特性和倾覆风险。