This paper highlights the typology of road accidents related to the default of signing for many accidents have occurred due to imperfect signposting along roads in Cameroon. The Yaoundé-Douala highway has been ch...This paper highlights the typology of road accidents related to the default of signing for many accidents have occurred due to imperfect signposting along roads in Cameroon. The Yaoundé-Douala highway has been chosen for this study. Available Field data recorded during the years 2007, 2009 and 2011, have enabled the analysis of each accident. It appears that amongst the 569 accidents recorded along a section of 114 km, 108 cases (about 20%) result from the default or lack of signing. From a clinical analysis, four scenarios of accidents that occurred by collision were found on one hand, and on the other hand, seven were elaborated based on factors such as: no signposting at crossroads, the lack of vertical and/or horizontal alignmentor slightly raised bump and the deficiency of signpost for normal parking layouts or no parking at certain critical points.展开更多
The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue fact...The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue factors,which can be classified into 4 types:sleep,rest and rhythm;work factors;personal conditions;environmental factors.These factors are regarded as the variables for constructing scenarios.The importance,uncertainty,influence and dependence of variables and variable pairs were assessed by using morphological analysis,quantitative scales and correlation matrices.Ship movement and workload are selected as the two key variables,which are regarded as the axes of generating scenarios.One of the scenarios is selected as the typical scenario to illustrate the relationship between the causes of fatigue.Then,the analysis framework is constructed according to the fatigue factors relationship,and several potential solutions are proposed,which include the development of foresighted and flexible work plans,and the application of wearable facilities to improve monitoring and assessment systems.The proposed framework lays a theoretical foundation for studying maritime human fatigue,and scenario analysis can provide an effective strategy for reducing crews'fatigue.展开更多
为有效应对一氧化碳泄漏事故发生时存在的不确定性与快速演变问题,构建了一套一氧化碳泄漏处理全过程演练专家系统。以淮南某燃气公司的露天一氧化碳储罐泄漏为例,基于动态贝叶斯网络和“情景-应对”分析法,建立事故关键状态节点,并合...为有效应对一氧化碳泄漏事故发生时存在的不确定性与快速演变问题,构建了一套一氧化碳泄漏处理全过程演练专家系统。以淮南某燃气公司的露天一氧化碳储罐泄漏为例,基于动态贝叶斯网络和“情景-应对”分析法,建立事故关键状态节点,并合理分配节点转换概率来模拟一氧化碳泄漏事故的全过程发展态势;采用专家打分机制和改进的基于指标相关性的指标权重确定方法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)计算情景状态概率,从而推演出情景发展趋势。研究结果表明:基于动态贝叶斯网络的全过程演练专家系统能够较为准确地还原真实事故演变过程,可为事故处理单位提供技术支持。展开更多
文摘This paper highlights the typology of road accidents related to the default of signing for many accidents have occurred due to imperfect signposting along roads in Cameroon. The Yaoundé-Douala highway has been chosen for this study. Available Field data recorded during the years 2007, 2009 and 2011, have enabled the analysis of each accident. It appears that amongst the 569 accidents recorded along a section of 114 km, 108 cases (about 20%) result from the default or lack of signing. From a clinical analysis, four scenarios of accidents that occurred by collision were found on one hand, and on the other hand, seven were elaborated based on factors such as: no signposting at crossroads, the lack of vertical and/or horizontal alignmentor slightly raised bump and the deficiency of signpost for normal parking layouts or no parking at certain critical points.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71573172,51709168).
文摘The framework of fatigue factors is constructed to reduce the number of maritime accidents caused by human fatigue.Based on the study of maritime human fatigue,by screening and classifying it,there are 15 fatigue factors,which can be classified into 4 types:sleep,rest and rhythm;work factors;personal conditions;environmental factors.These factors are regarded as the variables for constructing scenarios.The importance,uncertainty,influence and dependence of variables and variable pairs were assessed by using morphological analysis,quantitative scales and correlation matrices.Ship movement and workload are selected as the two key variables,which are regarded as the axes of generating scenarios.One of the scenarios is selected as the typical scenario to illustrate the relationship between the causes of fatigue.Then,the analysis framework is constructed according to the fatigue factors relationship,and several potential solutions are proposed,which include the development of foresighted and flexible work plans,and the application of wearable facilities to improve monitoring and assessment systems.The proposed framework lays a theoretical foundation for studying maritime human fatigue,and scenario analysis can provide an effective strategy for reducing crews'fatigue.
文摘为有效应对一氧化碳泄漏事故发生时存在的不确定性与快速演变问题,构建了一套一氧化碳泄漏处理全过程演练专家系统。以淮南某燃气公司的露天一氧化碳储罐泄漏为例,基于动态贝叶斯网络和“情景-应对”分析法,建立事故关键状态节点,并合理分配节点转换概率来模拟一氧化碳泄漏事故的全过程发展态势;采用专家打分机制和改进的基于指标相关性的指标权重确定方法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)计算情景状态概率,从而推演出情景发展趋势。研究结果表明:基于动态贝叶斯网络的全过程演练专家系统能够较为准确地还原真实事故演变过程,可为事故处理单位提供技术支持。
