Comparison of German and American Higher Education Accreditation Systems and Implications for Quality Management of Higher Education in China

At the present stage,China’s higher education has experienced continuous reform and enhancement,the scale of education has jumped to the forefront,and the quality of education has been continuously improved,which has made gratifying achievements.The development of China’s higher education has entered the critical node of improving quality and efficiency,and the importance of quality management as the central link in improving the quality of higher education is self-evident.Accreditation as an effective means of quality assurance,in Germany and the United States has formed a mature and perfect system and procedures.Therefore,analysing and learning from the quality management system of higher education in Germany and the United States has an important reference value for promoting the further development of quality management of higher education in China.

Chinas Has Basically Established a Nationwide Unitary Certification and Accreditation System

Through three-year’s efforts, a nationwide unitary certification and accreditation system has already been established in China, which has legalized and standardized China’s certification and accreditation work. Apporved by the State Council, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), which is in charge of supervising, administrating and coordinating certification and accreditation departments of the whole nation, has done a lot of work to achieve this goal.

The Impact of Hospital Accreditation System: Perspective of Organizational Learning

Objectives: Organizational learning is used to being a very important topic about hospital management and even is identified as the source of a hospital’s competitive strength. The study tries to explore the correlation between organizational learning and hospital accreditation awareness from the medical institution operation management’s point of view. Methods: We designed the questionnaire based on the cross-section survey, which included a total of 498 hospitals through-out Taiwan as the subjects (1922 copies of questionnaire were distributed, 4 copies per hospital). As a result, 306 returned the questionnaire (995 copies of valid questionnaire), a valid response rate was 49.94%. Then, we conducted the multiple regression analysis. Results: The factors critical to the operations management accreditation awareness include age, hospital ownership, hospital lever and team learning (p < 0.001). The factors critical to the medical care accreditation awareness include age, education level and team learning (p < 0.001). The team learning will produce positive effect to the hospital accreditation awareness. Conclusions: The organizational continuous learning may enhance the team learning through hospital accreditation operations to ensure that the medical treatment system may provide safe, valid and reliable healthcare and found the hospitals’ competitive strength.

Perceived stress among staff in Saudi Arabian dental colleges before and after an accreditation process: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their ability to perform optimally under pressure.AIM To examine the knowledge of the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation(NCAAA)and its effects on perceived stress among dental college staff before and after the program accreditation process.METHODS The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 300 employees from three dental colleges.The same employees had to fill out the questionnaire 1 mo after the NCAAA process.RESULTS Approximately 51.33%of the included employees believed that NCAAA is essential to attract quality students to join the program before and after the program.A total of 44.67%felt that their stress was high before,and 31.33%had low stress levels before and after NCAAA.These findings were statistically significant(P≤0.05).CONCLUSION NCAAA raised the prestige of the institution and specific programmes and increased prospects to attract better students,staff,and money,according to the employees.In addition to their needed teaching,research,and other service responsibilities,this work requires a tremendous amount of faculty effort and may cause them stress.

Enhancing the capabilities of biosafety laboratories through the established accreditation system:Development of the biosafety laboratory accreditation system in China

Accreditation is now widely used to attest for laboratory competence.Although accreditation was originally used to assess products in testing laboratories and still plays an increasingly important role in international trade,it has been expanded to include laboratories in many social fields,including forensic science,medicine,and animal quarantine reference.The accreditation process provides basic requirements for achieving global recognition for laboratory reports.This paper introduces the concept of accreditation and discusses the origins and development of the accreditation system in Chinese biosafety laboratories.This study also reveals the important role of this system in national biosafety management through an examination of the 14-year development of the Chinese biosafety laboratory accreditation system.

A Classroom Teaching Quality Evaluation System for the Master of Software Engineering in China Based on Engineering Education Accreditation

Classroom teaching is a vital part of postgraduate education. The deficiencies of traditional classroom teaching quality evaluation methods for the postgraduate education of Master of Software Engineering in China are analyzed. The Engineering Education Accreditation and its education quality evaluation methods are introduced briefly, and the strengths of applying these methods for the classroom teaching quality evaluation are discussed. Based on the ideas and evaluation framework of Engineering Education Accreditation, adopting the merits of the traditional methods, a student-centered classroom teaching quality evaluation system is proposed to evaluate and continually improve the classroom teaching quality of Master of Software Engineering. The quality evaluation system covers teaching goals, teacher performance, student performance, teaching effect, supporting conditions and continual improvement totally six aspects. The advanced concepts and ideas of Engineering Education Accreditation and the merits of the traditional classroom teaching quality evaluation methods are both adopted in the proposed classroom teaching quality evaluation system.

China to Create an Access System for the Reproductive Health Industry Based on Quality Accreditation

Zhang Weiqing, director of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), disclosed at the inaugural meeting of the China Reproductive Health Industry Association (CRIA), held on March 26, 2007, that China will create an inspection system, a quality accreditation system, and an industry access system for better population structure and family planning.……

Practice on Capability Accreditation Program(CAP)of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research

Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.

Advancement of Pharmacy Accreditation in the Field of Chinese Higher Education

Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.

Improvement of Teaching Management Mechanism for Engineering Education Accreditation

In the context of engineering education accreditation,the teaching management mechanism should be student-centered and continuously improved.Therefore,the work of teaching secretaries and teaching supervisors also needs to be adjusted accordingly,in order to improve work efficiency and quality.This paper discusses the main contents and significance of engineering education accreditation,analyzes the relationship between teaching supervision,teaching secretary,and engineering education accreditation,applies the concept of engineering education accreditation to the work management of teaching secretary and teaching supervision,and proposes countermeasures to improve the work effect of teaching supervision and teaching secretary under the concept of engineering education accreditation.

Assessing the Impact of Regulations on Radiation Safety Culture and Practices in Radiology Departments

Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety.

A Comparative Study of ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Standards, Accreditation Processes Implemented in Turkey Regarding Turkish Organic Agriculture Legislations

In this study, the ISO 17065:2012 Conformity Assessment—through comparisons between the required standards for organizations that provide certifications towards products, processes, and services, and the programs regarding the certification of organic agricultural practices in Turkey that are regulated by Turkish Regulations on Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, some recommendations are developed for applications in similar countries, by investigating the similar or contradictory issues surrounding the conformity assessment activities with the regulations published in this field. To contribute to the management and improvement of the certification and accreditation processes of the conformity assessment bodies carrying out the certification activities of the agricultural certification programs within the scope of the ISO 17065:2012 standard, the degree of compliance has been identified by comparing the requirements of the Regulations on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The compatibility of these documents and the absence of conflict in these practices will provide a sense of confidence for all relevant parties, including consumers benefiting from the organic market. According to the conclusions of this evaluation, comparison results were interpreted, taking into account the degrees of compliance from the perspectives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey that carries out the provisions of the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) that carries out accreditation activities according to the Regulation, and the certification bodies that are the implementers of the standards mentioned above and regulations, the problem areas were determined, and recommendations have been developed. The national problems in this context have been specified, and recommendations were developed based on observations and examinations of ISO 17065:2012 international standard.

Accreditation Maternity and Obstetric Services (MOS), Based on the Accreditation Standards of the Joint Commission International (JCI)

Background: In recent years various standards have been proposed for assessment and supervision of healthcare systems. One of the most popular of them in health care area is Joint Commission International (JCI) standards of US. This study has been conducted to investigate executive potentials related Accreditation Standards of Maternity and birth services of this commission in hospitals providing maternity and birth services in Ardebil Province. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted as cross-sectional on 232 employees of three hospitals in Ardebil including Alavi, Arta and Sabalan who were randomly chosen. This is a multi-stage study that in stage 1, an accreditation tool for maternity and birth services was designed based on JCI standards. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was measured by Alpha Cronbach. In stage 2, score of different dimension of Accreditation Standards of MOS was calculated using data obtained from questionnaires distributed among a sample of 232 hospitals personnel;all of them were working in maternity and birth field. Statistical tests used are one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), dunnets post hoc and correlation test that all of them were calculated by SPSS V. 18. Results: Result showed that all of the MOS accreditation standards components were capable in selected hospitals. Arta hospital earned the highest score of standards (mean = 149/4) and Alavi hospital received the lowest score (mean = 128/04) of the maximum attainable score (186). Also, significant difference was observed between selected hospitals in total score of MOS standards (F = 50/432, p < 0/00). Conclusion: Based on study findings, there is an inequality between Ardebils hospital in field of MOS accreditation standards. Public hospitals are in more difficult situation compared to private hospitals, therefore Health Care System policy makers must pay attention systematically and specially to implementation of international standards in order to improve health care impacts in public hospitals.

Visualization Analysis for China’s Business Schools Accreditation Studies Based on Knowledge Mapping

The aim of the paper is to identify and explore leading thematic areas within the research field related to Business Schools Accreditation in China.Based on data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database,the keywords frequency was analyzed,and the theory of mapping knowledge domain was used to visualize the keywords co-occurrence network to make further research of the heated issues.The findings indicate that the research scope involved in business school accreditation research is broad,and research content focus on teaching,management,talent cultivation.According to the results of keywords co-occurrence analysis of different stages,AACSB,AACSB Accreditation,international accreditation,business school,AOL,internationalization,accreditation are the most important issues to business school research in China,given their position and role in the research network.The paper generates the added value mainly from the point of view of theory development.

“11^(th) Five Year” Plan on Certification and Accreditation Standardization

To strengthen the certification and authorization standardization system, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), and Standardization Administration of China (SAC)have jointly promulgated the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization. In compliance with the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Cause and the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Standardization,the "11th Five Year"Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization provides comprehensive guidance to and basis for the certification and accreditation cause during the "11th Five Year".……

Study on RMP Accreditation

Accreditation requirements for reference material producers （RMP） are systematica duced from the viewpoints of origination causes, development history, and domestic and international status in quo.

Program accreditation

Program accreditation is usually a voluntary process based on published standards and performed by a governmental or non-governmental agency of peers.The accreditation process has several components:self-assessment guide completion,site visit and review of program data by the accrediting body.Program accreditation’s primary function is to facilitate self-assessment,provide standards of education and lead to program improvement.It also serves to protect the student’s education and ultimately improve patient care.The International Council of Ophthalmology has developed International Guidelines for accreditation of ophthalmology residency programs and is launching a pilot program to accredit programs on demand.

The Accreditation of Laboratories Proficiency and Safety

Recently, China National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (CNAL) hasreleased CNAL/AC 23:2004 Medical Laboratories: Accreditation Criteria For Quality and Proficiency,and meanwhile GB 19489 Laboratories: General Requirements For Biosafety and ISO 15190 MedicalLaboratories-Requirements For Safety will be adopted by CNAL as the accreditation criteria forlaboratories safety. CNAL/AC 23:2004 has specified the particular requirements for quality andproficiency to medical laboratories seeking for accreditation, which adopts ISO 15189:2003 (E)identically. The criteria mainly applies the laboratories with the purpose of providing informationon diagnosing, preventing and treating human diseases or assessing human health, which carry onbiological, microbiological, immunological, chemical, hemaimmunological, hematological, biophysical,cytological, pathological or other examination of materials derived from the human body.

Accreditation of American educational leadership and its enlightening value

the accreditation of educational leadership makes up an important part of American educational management reform, the core significance of which lies in integrating the accreditation standards of school educational leadership and comprehensively improving the quality and international competitiveness of Primary and secondary schools in America. The article lays emphasis on the background for introducing the accreditation policy of educational leadership, the content structure of the accreditation policy of educalional leadership and its characteristics as well as providing beneficial reference for improving the accreditation standards of school educational leadership of Primafy and secondary schools in America based on the current situation of accreditation of principals and the direction of reform in China.